23/03/2012academic.uprm.edu/amfigueroa/Presentations/2011...Centro Cultural Yolanda Guerrero,...

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ITE Annual Meeting, Puerto Rico Section Centro Cultural Yolanda Guerrero, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico

AASHTO

ARRA

CMA

DTPW

DUI

EDC

FARS

FHWA

GTR

HMA

ITE

NAPA

PRHTA

PRLTAP

RDG

ROR

UPRM

USVI

VIDPW

WMA

American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials

American Recovery & Reinvestment Act

Cold Mix Asphalt

Department of Transportation and Public Works

Driving Under Influence

Every Day Counts

Fatal Accidents Reporting System

Federal Highway Administration

Ground Tire Rubber

Hot Mix Asphalt

Institute of Transportation Engineers

National Asphalt Pavement Association

Puerto Rico Highway and Transportation Authority

Puerto Rico Local Technical Assistance Program

Roadside Design Guide

Run Off the Road Crashes

University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez

United Sates Virgin Islands

Virgin Islands Department of Public Works

Warm Mix Asphalt

2 ITE Annual Meeting, Puerto Rico Section

Centro Cultural Yolanda Guerrero, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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• The Every Day Counts (EDC) Initiative is an FHWA national program designed to identify and deploy innovation in strategic areas aimed at

shortening project delivery,

enhancing the safety of our roadways, and

protecting the environment.


3 www.fhwa.dot.gov

1. Innovation

2. Ingenuity

3. Invention

4. Imagination

The coverage of the EDC national program includes the 50 states, D.C., Puerto Rico and the USVI.


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1. Assisting in the EDC Implementation Plan of the Department of Transportation and Public Works (DTPW) of the Government of Puerto Rico.

2. Serving as a technical oversight of each EDC

3. Assisting in the development of training modules.

4. New training resources


5

4. Participated in the Safety Edge Shoe training entitled “Hands on training” held in Ocala, FL, June 2011.

5. Incorporated FHWA Dwight David Eisenhower Summer Interns from UPRM and Purdue University in research projects at different stages of the EDC initiatives.

6. Provided technical assistance to PRHTA and USVI designated Champions using trained undergraduate, graduate students and consultants to work on EDC research projects.


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1. Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA)*

2. Safety Edge*

3. Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS)

4. Prefabricated Bridge Elements Systems (PBES)

5. Adaptive Signal Control Technology (ASCT)

6. Enhanced Technical Assistance on Stalled EISs

7. Flexibilities in ROW *

8. Flexibilities in Utility Relocation

9. Design Build (D-B)

* EDC initiatives also applicable to USVI.


7

Notice to Proceed, April 2011

70 %- Comprehensive Lit. Review (FHWA, Internet Search, NAPA, TAI, TRB)

30%- Local Initiatives in PR & USVI to Promote EDC Goal

PR

(9 EDC Initiatives)

1-WMA

A

2-Safety Edge

B

3-Flexibility in ROW

9- Stalled EIS

C

USVI

(3 EDC Initiatives)

1-WMA

D

2-Safety Edge

E

3-Flexibility in ROW

F

EDC Summit, Atlanta, GA, Dec

2010

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A

Pilot Programs (Yauco, Project

#200240)

B

Pilot Programs PR-182, Yabucoa PR-184,

Patillas In house- Robles Asphalt

C

Draft Training Modules


D

Draft Specification Section 418. WMA

E

Pilot Programs ARRA

St. Croix, QMH, Route 70 2.2 miles

ARRA $4.9 million Marshall Mix Design

Dense Graded Grade C ¾” Max Size Aggregate

St. John, Route 104-Phase II 2.8 miles

ARRA $5.7 million Marshall Mix Design

Dense Graded Grade D ½” Max Size Aggregate

F

Training Modules

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Definition

Asphalt concrete mixtures that are produced at temperatures approximately 50 °F

(28 °C) or more cooler than typically used in

the production of conventional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA).

11 ITE Annual Meeting, Puerto Rico Section Centro Cultural Yolanda Guerrero, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico

HMA

WMA WMA 250-275°F

CMA

HMA 275-325°F

Cold Mix Asphalt 60°F

http://www.asphaltpavement.org/ http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/


Similar performance as HMA

Use existing HMA plants

Similar strength as HMA

Similar durability as HMA

To meet existing standards for HMA specs.

12

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/

http://www.asphaltpavement.org/



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Improved compaction

Lower emissions Improve pavement

performance

Extended paving season

Increased haul time

Lower fuel consumption

Benefits

13



14 Reference: Warm Mix Asphalt best practices, NAPA


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WMA Technology Process Type WMA Supplier

EvothermTM DAT Chemical Additive Mead Westvaco

EvothermTM DAT Chemical Additive Mead Westvaco

RedisetTM WMX Chemical Additive Akzo Nobel Surfactants

Sasobit® Organic Additive Sasol Wax Americas

15

The minimum temperatures for delivery, placement and compaction should be adjusted to accommodate the WMA reduced temperature and sacrifice workability and density requirements.

WMA technology's ability to be placed and compacted at the reduced temperatures may be required.

Minimum ambient paving temperature requirements may be lowered 20o F from normal temperature requirements.


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Tasks Performed

• Laboratory Trials with WMA mixes

• Initial presentation of WMA technology

• WMA test section

• WMA and GTR workshop

• WMA specification development

• Modifying current HMA projects

Before and after WMA


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Next Phase WMA

• Changes from HMA to WMA in on-going projects AC-520108

• Changes from HMA to WMA in on-going projects AC-520109

• Peer exchange: Site inspection to Florida DOT Projects

Before and after WMA


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Task Performed (cont.)

Secretary DTPW, Eng. Rubén Hernández-Gregorat,

Eng. Carlos Machado, FHWA and

Betteroads officials

Laydown and compaction of WMA, Yauco, PR Betteroads Asphalt Corp. (April 8, 2011)

PRHTA Project #200240

Approximately 23,500 tons placed and compacted


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Task Performed (cont.)

Laydown and compaction of WMA, Yauco, Puerto Rico-Betteroads Asphalt Corp. (April 8, 2011)

Laydown and compaction of WMA, Yauco, PR-Betteroads Asphalt Corp. (April 8, 2011)


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Task Performed: Robles Asphalt, Ponce, PR (cont.)

Performing laboratory trials with WMA mixes using Kaomin 14 additive

Comparative analysis of three (3) additives: Kaomin 14, Sasobit and Rediset

Eng. Moisés Estrada, Robles Asphalt and Eng. Freddie Salado, graduate research assistant, UPRM


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PG 64-22 Original Binder

Sample ID: TK #10 Guayanilla Terminal

Test, Method Test Results Specification

Rotational Viscosity @ 135oC, AASHTO T 316, PaS 0.618 ≤ 3 PaS

Test Temperature, oC G*, kPa

Phase Angle

δ, o G* / sinδ, kPa

70 1.17 85.7 1.17 ≥ 1.00 kPa

76 0.59 87.2 0.59

Mass Change, % -0.108 ≤ 1.00%


Phase Angle


70 3.03 80.9 3.07 ≥ 2.20 kPa

76 1.52 83.2 1.53


Phase Angle

δ, o G* sinδ, kPa

22 6643 42.3 4471 ≤ 5,000 kPa

19 9893 39.8 6327

Test Temperature, oC

-12 Stiffness, Mpa 176 ≤ 300 Mpa

m-value 0.316 ≥ 0.300

-18 Stiffness, Mpa 357

m-value 0.258

True Grade 71.4 -23.7

PG Grade 70 - 22

1. DSR Original: Tmax

Temperature at w hich G*/sinδ = 1.00 kPa 71.4

2. DSR RTFO: Tmax

Temperature at w hich G*/sinδ = 2.20 kPa 72.9

3. DSR PAV: Tint

Temperature at w hich G*sinδ = 5,000 kPa 21.0

4. BBR PAV: Tmin

Tempearautre at w hich S(t) = 300 Mpa -26.1

Temperature at w hich m = 0.300 -23.7

Superpave Asphalt Binder Grading Summary

AASHTO M320

Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) AASHTO T313

Dynamic Shear Rheometer AASHTO T 315

Original Binder

Rolling Thin Film (RTFO) Aged Binder, AASHTO T 240

Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) Aged Binder, AASHTO R28



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PG 64-22 W/ 1.5% Rediset WMX

Sample ID: Plant #21 Ponce

Test, Method Test Results Specification

Rotational Viscosity @ 135oC, AASHTO T 316, PaS 0.528 ≤ 3 PaS


Phase Angle


70 1.45 83.8 1.46 ≥ 1.00 kPa

76 0.74 85.0 0.74

Mass Change, % -0.206 ≤ 1.00%


Phase Angle


70 2.70 81.4 2.73 ≥ 2.20 kPa

76 1.36 83.4 1.37


Phase Angle

δ, o G* sinδ, kPa

25 4789 45.2 3398 ≤ 5,000 kPa

22 8107 41.8 5407

Test Temperature, oC

-12 Stiffness, Mpa 188 ≤ 300 Mpa

m-value 0.311 ≥ 0.300

-18 Stiffness, Mpa 365

m-value 0.255

True Grade 71.9 -23.2

PG Grade 70 - 22


Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) Aged Binder, AASHTO R28


Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) AASHTO T313

Superpave Asphalt Binder Grading Summary

AASHTO M320

Original Binder


Rolling Thin Film (RTFO) Aged Binder, AASHTO T 240

TSR Testing Raw Data

Mix ID Sampl

e ID

Sample Air

Voids (%)

Freeze-

Thaw

Cycles

Percent

Saturati

on

Failure

Load

(lb)

Sample

Flow

(0.01

in)

Splittin

g

Tensile

Strengt

h (psi)

TSR

WMA A 7.0 1 79.6 2950 22.0 84.9 0.797

WMA B 7.2 1 78.4 2790 16.5 80.3

WMA D 7.3 1 79.4 2900 16.5 83.4

WMA C 7.2 0 N/A 3610 10.0 103.9

WMA E 7.3 0 N/A 3575 14.5 102.9

WMA F 6.9 0 N/A 3650 15.0 105.0

HMA 9 7.2 1 72.3 2925 25.0 84.2 0.788

HMA 10 7.3 1 71.7 2825 22.0 81.3

HMA 12 7.1 1 75.0 3350 21.5 96.4

HMA 11 7.2 0 N/A 3850 16.0 110.8

HMA 13 7.3 0 N/A 3900 17.0 112.2

HMA 14 7.0 0 N/A 3800 16.0 109.3

Mix

ID

Conditioned Tensile

Strength (psi)

Unconditioned

Tensile Strength (psi)

TSR

WMA 82.9 103.9 0.79

7

HMA 87.3 110.8 0.78

8

Average Tensile Strengths from TSR Data

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Texas Hamburg Requirements

High PG Grade Minimum Number of

Passes at 0.5 inch Rut,

122F

64 or lower 10,000

70 15,000

76 or higher 20,000

Hamburg Number of Passes to 12.5 mm Rut Depth

Sample ID Average Cut

Sample Air

Voids (%)

Cycles to

12.5 mm

Rut

Depth

Passes to

12.5 mm

Rut Depth

Averag

e

Passes

Standard

Deviation

Passes

COV

Passes

(%)

HMA - 2 7.2 6037 12074

9439 2311 24.5 HMA - 3 7.9 3879 7758

HMA - 4 7.8 4242 8484

WMA - G 7.3 4619 9238

8138 961 11.8 WMA - H 7.6 3731 7462

WMA - I 7.5 3857 7714

Hamburg Stripping Inflection Points

Sample

ID

Stripping

Inflection Point

(cycles)

Average

SIP

Standard

Deviation

SIP

COV (%)

SIP

HMA - 2 3750

2917 782 26.8 HMA - 3 2800

HMA - 4 2200

WMA -

G

4000

3367 651 19.3 WMA -

H

3400

WMA - I 2700


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Dynamic Modulus Master Curve Coefficients

Mix ID

Max E* (ksi)

Delta Beta Gamma ΔEA R2 Se/Sy

WMA 3250.02 51.71 -0.3591 -0.5397 193148.307 0.994 0.06

HMA 3233.13 49.64 -0.3954 -0.5700 182834.4429 0.994 0.06


Summary of Flow Number Results

Mix ID

Air Voids (%) Francken Flow Number

Average Standard

Deviation Average

Standard

Deviation

COV

(%)

HMA 5.83 0.06 268 53.1 19.8

WMA 5.83 0.15 156 8.5 5.4

Raw Flow Number Data

Mix

ID

Sampl

e ID

Air

Voids

(%)

Flow

Number

Specimen

Microstrain

at Flow

Number

HMA 1 5.9 287 26,082

HMA 2 5.8 309 25,196

HMA 3 5.8 208 23,799

WMA A 5.8 148 27,569

WMA B 6 165 27,649

WMA C 5.7 156 22,115


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USVI Tasks for WMA

Complete the technical specification entitled Section 418. Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA)

Plan the WMA field pilot program to be implemented in January 2012


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Part 2: Safety Edge Initiative in Puerto Rico

The traditional pavement edge of 90°is replaced

with the new pavement surface with a 30°angle

Located where the pavement interfaces with a graded material

It allows a vehicle to re-enter the pavement with greater stability resulting in reduced crashes


36

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Allows for a safe transition between the roadway and unpaved shoulder

Creates a more durable pavement edge

Save lives?


37 Reference: FARS

Compaction during conventional paving leaves the edges not well compacted and at about a 45° angle

The edge becomes exposed do to settling and erosion

Advantage: o Cost are low o Pavement last longer o Safer for divers to steer back

onto pavement Requirements:

o Training to paving crew Purchase or loan of an

attachment: Advant-Edge Model Ramp Champ and TransTech: Shoulder Wedge Maker


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• 53% of highway accidents are due to roadway departures

• Counter measure: Implement Safety Edge at High Risk Locations for drop offs

• Horizontal Curves • Near Roadside Mailboxes • Turnaround/Unpaved Pull-Outs • Shaded Areas • Eroded Areas • Asphalt Pavement Overlays

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Nu

mb

er

of

Fa

tali

tie

s

Years

Total Fatalities Off RoadwayITE Annual Meeting, Puerto Rico Section Centro Cultural Yolanda Guerrero, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico

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0 %

10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

70 %

Fa

tali

ty P

erc

en

t

Years

Urban Fatality Percent Rural Fatality PercentITE Annual Meeting, Puerto Rico Section Centro Cultural Yolanda Guerrero, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico

41

Annual Reunion of ITE, Puerto Rico; October 20 – 22, 2011 42 ITE Annual Meeting, Puerto Rico Section Centro Cultural Yolanda Guerrero, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico

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Tasks Performed

• Acquisition of the Advant-Edge Model Ramp Champ and TransTech: Shoulder Wedge Maker (FHWA loan program ).

• Selection of candidate paving projects to implement safety edge technology.

• Preparing the screed unit of the paver for the installation of safety edge devices.

• Layout of experimental plan for safety edge and density measurements.

• Train undergraduate and graduate students on the installation and measurements requirements for the safety edge experiment.


43

Verifying the 30° safety edge angle at paving project, Yabucoa, PR

Next Phase in Safety Edge

• Verify the integrity of safety edge in experimental segments in the highway network in Puerto Rico

• Approve safety edge specifications

• Complete public policy of implementation of safety edge in Puerto Rico

• Develop training module on safety edge with the collaboration of FHWA and PR-LTAP (T²)


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Advant-Edge Model Ramp Champ TransTech: Shoulder Wedge Maker


45

The shoes can be detachable to create a tapered Safety Edge or a longitudinal center lane joint

The slope of the Safety Edge can be adjusted from 5° to 30°

The ramp champ is reversible and can be used for either the left or right side


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Height Adjusting Screw

Radial Force Cylinder Produces downward and inward force on the shoe creating a stronger edge

Wedge Designed to form different

slope angles and allows it to change with the elevation of the adjacent road shoulder

Shoe

Produces either a tapered safety edge

or a longitudinal center lane joint

Box The box contains a

slope set screw where the slope of the angle

can be adjusted

Cotter Pin Removal of piece is

necessary to remove box from plate

Cover Plate Protects inner

adjustment elements from dirt and asphalt

Mounting Plate Remains fixed and is bolted to the screed


47

Clear debris on the screed unit of the paver


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Place a 1" shim at the bottom of the screed


Remove cotter pin and place the mounting plate on top of the shim


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Start drilling the screed unit with a 1/2" drill bit


Place mounting plate onto screed unit. Insert and tighten a bolt and washer


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Reattach the box to the mounting plate and reinsert the cotter pin


Creates a tapered shoulder wedge

Typically used in a match pair, one for the right side and one for the left side of the paver

Needs adjusting to keep the bottom of the edge in contact with the shoulder surface


54

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Guide Rail with a 2”radius •Allows the SWM to ride along

the surface of the shoulder •The 2”radius allows for better transitions between obstacles

Self-adjusting Internal Spring

Provides a downward force to keep the guide rail in

connection with the surface

Mounting Plate

Cover Plate Protects the inner

adjustment elements from any dirt or asphalt that may

enter

Adjusting Screw Sets the height of the SWM and

when adjusted, creates a downward force to keep the

device in contact with the surface

45° Compound Angle Surface Forces asphalt mix under the

device and increases compaction of the wedge fillet

½” Radius Leading Edge Provides a smooth transition

from the asphalt being extruded under the SWM

30° Forming Edge Extends below the screed

strike-off plate and extrudes the fillet at the given angle

Outboard Mounting

Slot

Inboard

Mounting Slot


55

Clear debris on the screed unit of the paver


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Measure and mark the location for the two mounting holes


Drill a 1/2" diameter hole in each marked location


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Remove cotter pin and position plate over mounting holes


Insert a 1/2" bolt and washer into each mounting slot and tighten


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Insert adjusting screw through the mounting plate and insert cotter pin



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Task Performed: Betteroads Asphalt Corp. Patillas, PR

• Training maintenance crew on the installation of TransTech: Shoulder Wedge Maker and Advant-EDGE: Ramp Champ on paver screed unit

Lay down and Compaction, Patillas, PR-Betteroads Asphalt Corp. (June 24, 2011)


63

Variable Mean Std. Dev. Minimum Median Maximum

% Compaction (%) 93.49 0.98 92.3 93.3 95.1

% Compaction (%)@ 1 ft. 82.90 2.56 78.2 83.1 86.8

Slope(°) 25.8 5.69 13.8 27.15 36.4


% Compaction (%) 94.31 1.29 92.60 94.10 96.0

% Compaction (%)@ 1 ft. 83.60 3.38 79.10 85.20 87.40

Slope(°) 26.27 5.21 16.80 29.00 29.80

TransTech: Shoulder Wedge Maker

Advant-Edge: Ramp Champ


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Task Performed: Robles Asphalt, Ponce, PR (cont.)

• Training maintenance crew on the installation of TransTech: Shoulder Wedge Maker and Advant-EDGE: Ramp Champ on paver screed unit

Lay down of Saturated Surface Dry Sand, Ponce, PR September 12, 2011

Lay down of Saturated Surface Dry Sand, Ponce, PR-Robles Asphalt (September 12, 2011)


65



Slope 29.04 1.04 27.40 29.10 31.20

Temperature 88.96 0.86 87.00 89.00 90.00


Slope 30.80 1.63 26.40 31.10 32.40

Temperature 88.91 0.83 87.00 89.00 90.00

TransTech: Shoulder Wedge Maker

Advant-Edge: Ramp Champ

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Annual Reunion of ITE, Puerto Rico; October 20 – 22, 2011

67


Financed with ARRA funds

Highway Projects were it has been implemented o Route 104, Phase II, 2.8 miles,

$5.7 millions, Marshall Mix Design, Dens-graded, St. Johns, USVI

o Route 70, Queen Mary Highway, Phase I, 2.2 miles, $4.9 millions, Marshall Mix Design, Dens-graded, St. Croix, USVI


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Project Tasks

Rehabilitation and resurfacing of existing flexible pavement experimental segment in Queen Mary Highway, Route 70

Verify the integrity of safety edge

Training maintenance crew on the installation of TransTech: Shoulder Wedge Maker on IR Blaw-Knox PF-5510 paver screed unit

Route 70, Queen Mary Highway, St. Croix US VI


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Route 70 Queen Mary Highway without Safety Edge

Route 70 Queen Mary Highway with Safety Edge


1. The WMA and Safety Edge implementation plan in Puerto Rico and USVI is progressing positively as expected.

2. Effective communications between PRHTA , VIDPW, FHWA, and PR-T2 Center officials has been a key factor for this success.

3. The collaboration of asphalt paving contractors in Puerto Rico and USVI has been instrumental in the EDC implementation process.

4. The exchange of knowledge and experience gained by undergraduate and graduate students from UPRM and Purdue University has motivated them to continue their professional career in transportation, does increasing the workforce in highway and transportation engineering.

5. ITE has the potential to be a key player in the different stages of the implementation and outreach program.


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Acknowledgments to an Interdisciplinary Effort Well Done

PRHTA Eng. Andrés Alvarez, EDC Champion

Eng. Gloryvid Figueroa, EDC Co-Champion Eng. Ana L. Torres, EDC Champion

Eng. Juan C. Rivera, EDC Co-Champion

Betteroads Asphalt Corp.

Eng. Miguel Guerra

Mr. Ramón Caonabo

Robles Asphalt, Ponce

Mr. Raúl Robles

Mr. Moisés Estrada

VIDPW John Paul David

Thomas Jones

Wynstan Benjamin

Shawn McConnell, Quality Control Manager,

Virgin Islands Paving, Inc.

85

Contractors Contractors



UPRM & Purdue University

Eng. Freddie Salado, Graduate Research Assistant

Mr. Josué D. Ortiz, Undergraduate Research Assistant

Ms. Leilany Benejam, Undergraduate Research Assistant

FHWA

Eng. Martin Knopp

Eng. Carlos Machado

Eng. Alvin Gutierrez

Eng. Eddie Rivera

Eng. Mark Sandifer

FHWA Resource Center Support


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PR LTAP

Eng. Gisela González

Mrs. Irmalí Franco

Ms. Grisel Villarrubia

Ms. Giana Zeno

Ms. Yari Babilonia

National LTAP

Ms. Reneé Koller, Colorado LTAP, Safety Edge Shoe Loan Program

ITE-Puerto Rico Section

Dr. Alberto M. Figueroa





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