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Cellular RespirationHow our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!
EngageATP GunAdenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP)AdenosineRibose Sugar3 Phosphates
Explore:Cellular Respiration SimulationTo review the "big picture" of metabolism, aiding students in understanding the relationship among glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle, and the ETC. See the diagram for the simulation layout.
Explore:Muscle FatigueYou will be using a procedure to experience and explore lactic acid buildup in muscles.
Explain:Where do our cells get energy?6-C sugars are the MAJOR source of energy for cellWhat type of macromolecule are 6-C sugars?CarbohydratesCells break down glucose a 6-C sugar to make ATP energy
Overall Chemical Process
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + usable energy(ATP)
Cellular Respiration (3-stages)GlycolysisKrebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)Electron Transport Chain (ETC)GlucoseGlycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transportFermentation (without oxygen)Alcohol or lactic acid
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FlowchartSection 9-2Glucose (C6H1206)+Oxygen (02)GlycolysisKrebs CycleElectron Transport ChainCarbon Dioxide(CO2)+Water(H2O)+ATPCellular Respiration
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Figure 93GlycolysisGlucoseTo the electron transport chainGlycolysis:Step 12 Pyruvic acid
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Figure 93GlycolysisGlucoseTo the electron transport chainSection 9-12 Pyruvic acid
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Figure 93GlycolysisGlucoseTo the electron transport chainSection 9-12 Pyruvic acid
Where CytoplasmNO O2 required Energy Yield net gain of 2 ATP at the expense of 2 ATP6-C glucose TWO 3-C pyruvatesFree e- and H+ combine with organic ion carriers called NAD+ NADH + H+(nicotinamide dinucleotide)
SummaryInGlucose (6-C)2 ATP
Out 2 pyruvate; 2(3-C)2NADHa net of 2 ATP
QuestionsWhere does glycolysis take place?Glycolysis energy yield?Breaks glucose into TWO ________.
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The Krebs CycleCitric Acid ProductionSection 9-2Mitochondrion
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Figure 96The Krebs CycleCitric Acid ProductionSection 9-2Mitochondrion
Breakdown of Pyruvic AcidWhere mitochondriaPyruvate (3-C) Acetic acid (2-C)3rd C forms CO2Acetic acid combines with Coenzyme A to form ACETYL-CoA
SummaryInPyruvateNADCoAOutCO2 (as waste)NADHAcetyl-CoA
What is releasing Energy with O2?Aerobic respiration Where In mitochondria
Second Step: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)Where Mitochondrial matrixEnergy Yield 2 ATP and more e-Acetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C to form 6-C CITRIC ACIDCitric Acid (6-C) changed to 5-C then to a 4-C Gives off a CO2 moleculeNAD+ and FAD pick up the released e-FAD becomes FADH2NAD+ becomes NADH + H+Cycle ALWAYS reforming a 4-C molecule
Krebs Cycle
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The Krebs CycleCitric Acid ProductionSection 9-2Mitochondrion
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Figure 96The Krebs CycleCitric Acid ProductionSection 9-2Mitochondrion
ETCWhere inner membrane of mitochondriaEnergy Yield Total of 32 ATPO2 combines with TWO H+ to form H2OExhale - CO2, H2O comes from cellular respiration
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Electron Transport ChainSection 9-2Electron TransportHydrogen Ion MovementATP ProductionATP synthaseChannelInner MembraneMatrixIntermembrane SpaceMitochondrion
Summary
Total ENERGY YieldGlycolysis 2 ATPKrebs Cycle 2 ATPETC 32 ATP
Total 36 ATP
Elaboration Respiration LabThree experiments that review and further explain the process of cellular respiration
What happens if NO O2?Cellular respiration process STOPS
Aerobic vs. AnaerobicAnaerobic DOES NOT require oxygenSimplefast produces smaller amounts of energy (ATP)Aerobic requires oxygenYields large amounts of energyWhat is this energy molecule?ATP, ATP, ATP
Releasing Energy w/out OxygenAnaerobic RespirationNO Additional ATP is Formed
NO O2 leads to FermentationTwo TypesLactic Acid FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentationbacteria, plants and most animals
After glycolysis 2 pyruvic acid changed to lactic acid
Sometimes happens in your muscles, cramps-----Exercise
Alcoholic FermentationBacteria and fungi (yeast)
Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide are the end products
Process used to form beer, wine, and other alcoholic beveragesAlso used to raise dough, bread
Cellular Respiration ReviewThree Main StagesGlycolysis (2 ATP)Krebs Cycle (2 ATP)Electron Transport Chain (32 ATP)
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Figure 93GlycolysisGlucoseTo the electron transport chainGlycolysis:Step 12 Pyruvic acid
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Figure 93GlycolysisGlucoseTo the electron transport chainSection 9-12 Pyruvic acid
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Figure 93GlycolysisGlucoseTo the electron transport chainSection 9-12 Pyruvic acid
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The Krebs Cycle: Step 2Citric Acid ProductionSection 9-2Mitochondrion
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Figure 96The Krebs CycleCitric Acid ProductionSection 9-2Mitochondrion
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Electron Transport Chain: Step 3Section 9-2Electron TransportHydrogen Ion MovementATP ProductionATP synthaseChannelInner MembraneMatrixIntermembrane SpaceMitochondrion
EvaluationCellular Respiration Concept Map