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26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 1 1
1
Project of SuperB as Superflavor Factory
Marcello A. GiorgiUniversità di Pisa & INFN Pisa
September 26,2008
Novosibirsk-Russia
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 222
Great achievements from e+e- factories PEPII and KEKB
Flavour Physics was recently in the front line of the stage thanks to the e+ e- factories.
1. 2001 CP violation in B sector from Time dependent analysis2. 2003 Discovery of new charm particles start a new
spectroscopy season with DsJ
3. 2004 Direct CP violation in B sector4. 2006 Limits on MSSM parameters from B5. 2006 UL on decay LFV6. 2007 Charm mixing from D0 D0bar decay
7. 2008 b discovery
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 333
(Some) Results of B-Factories
New DK state(s) at 2.86GeV/c2
Ds2(2573)+
Spectroscopy of new, unexpected states
No Mixing
D0 – D0 mixing
B setting limits on MSSM parameters
Unitarity Triangle precision measurements
Well beyond the original goals
What in the next decade will e+ e- factories say about new physics and contribute as complementary to LHC and LHCb ?
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 44
Constraints on CKMPrecise measurements of CKM parameters in quark sector, challenging new
physics can come from a wide spectrum of future projects (some approved, some close to approval, some….):
In Kaons there are projects for a next generation of experiments : at Cern(NA62) ,
Kloe at upgraded Dane? K0pi0 like experiment ???).
In charm,and b: • BES upgrade, KEKB upgrade, • Super c- here in Novosibirsk and• SuperB
SuperB and Super c-are based on the crab waist concept invented by P.Raimondi in 2006. Background not exceeding too much the present Babar, thanks to low current, crossing angle and a careful design of the Interaction Region.
4
K 00
LK
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 5
Two frontiers for the exploration of New Physics
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 666
High Luminosity potential• Flavour precision measurements sensitive to New Physics
(NP)– Measure interference effect in known processes – Measure decays: rare or forbidden in Standard Model
• NP effects governed by– New Physics Scale NP( Λ)– Effective coupling C
• Different Intensities (from interactions)• Different Patterns (for instance from simmetries)
NP(Λ) not found at LHC• Look for indirect signals of NP• Link them to explaining NP models• Constrain regions in parameter space with NP() sensitivity up several tens of TeV.
NP(Λ) found at LHC• Determine couplings FV e CPV of NP
• Look for heavier states • Study the flavour structure of NP
Some channels as LFV clear segnals of NP
With 7-10x1010 pair bb, cc, (75-100 ab-1) it is possible
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 777
NP sensitivity with 75 ab-1
SuperB+Lattice improvementsToday
= ± 0.0028 = ± 0.0024
= 0.163 ± 0.028 = 0.344± 0.016
Improving CKM iscrucial to look for NP
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 8 88
Charm FCNC
Charm mixing and CPB Physics @ Y(4S)
Bs Physics @ Y(5S) Physics
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 99
some EXAMPLES.
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 10 1010
Higgs-mediated NP in MFV at large tan
SuperB -75ab-1
MH~1.2-2.5 TeVfor tan~30-60
tan tan
tan
2ab-1
MH~0.4-0.8 TeVfor tan~30-60
Importance of having very large sample ≥75ab-1
2ab-1 10ab-1
75ab-1
tan
How signal would like with MH=350GeV
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 111111
Red are LHC+EW constraints+ SuperB
Blue is LHC alone
COMPLEMENTARY: LHC and Flavour with 75 ab-1
IF LHC DISCOVERS SUPERSYMMETRY
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 12 1212
SPS4 ruled out by present values of s.
SPS1a is the least favorable for
flavour, but SuperB and only SuperB
can observe 2 deviations in several
observables
MFV : SNOWMASS points
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 131313
23| |LR
1 10
1
10-1
10-2
(TeV)gluinom
In the red regions the are measured with a
significance >3 away from zero
23| |LR
Arg(23)LR=(44.5± 2.6)o
= (0.026 ± 0.005)
1 TeV
g
sb b s
~
~ ~
New Physics contribution (2-3 families)
LRd
23
MSSM+generic soft SUSY breaking terms
Flavour-changing NP effects in the squark propagator NP scale SUSY mass
flavour-violating coupling
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 141414
Importance of having very large sample >75ab-1
Im ( 1
3)L
L
Im ( 1
3)L
L
Re (13)LLRe (13)LL
SM SM
Determination of coupling [in this case : (13)LL]
with 10 ab-1 and 75 ab-1
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 151515
KB
Some comparison: Current 10ab-1 75ab-1
)(,* S
KKKB
Actual limit
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 1616 16
Further improvements if polarized beams.
is also a factory golden measurement LFV
Optimization of BKG rejection is in progress. Pol. Helps also to discriminate models. In some model there is a strong effect on the angular distribution of from signal:
(Complementarity with e
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 171717
Comparison with Snowmass points on Tau using also Polarization
SuperB with 75 ab-1, evaluation assuming the most conservative scenario about syst. errors
LFV
1÷2
5 disc
SuperKEKB worse by a factor 2.5 and 4.5 in and >5 in
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 181818
Tau g-2
Start with the expt. with
<1
Make use of all the informations (total x-section,angular distribution, f-b asymmetry. Measure Re and Im parts
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 191919
Charm physics at threshold
D decay form factor and decay constant @ 1% Dalitz structure useful for measurement
0.3 ab-1
Rare decays FCNC down to 10-8
Consider that running 4 month at threshold we will collect 1000 times the stat. of CLEO-C~ 10 times of futire BESIII
~1%, exclusive Vub ~ few % syst. error on from Dalitz Model <1o
D mixing
CP Violation in mixing could now addressed
Strong dynamics and CKM measurements
Charm physics using the charm produced at (4S)
Charm Physics
Better studied usingthe high statistics collected at (4S)
@threshold(4GeV)
@th
resh
old(
4GeV
)
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 202020
CP Violation in charm NOW
SuperB
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 212121
Charm
• Charm events at threshold are very clean: pure DD, no additional fragmentation
• High signal/bkg ratio: optimal for decays with neutrinos.• Quantum Coherence: new and alternative CP violation
measurement wrt to (4S). Unique opportunity to measure D0-D0 relative phase.
• Increased statistics is not an advantage running at threshold: cross-section 3x wrt 10GeV but luminosity 10x smaller.
• SuperB lumi at 4 GeV = 1035 cm-2s-1 produces ~109 DD pairs per month of running. (using Cleo-c cross-section measurement
(e+e-D0D0)~3.6 nb + (e+e-D+D-)~2.8 nb ~ 6.4 nb)• Time-dependent measurements at 4 GeV only possible at SuperB.
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 222222
SuperB nominal boost
ct = 0.28 120 m ~ 30m
Average flight distance similar to vertex resolution t~
Resolution is still adequate for time dependent measurements
Error on lifetime (wrt perfect resolution) 2 t
2
N 2
N
Time dependent measurements at DD threshold: only possible at SuperB
• Proper time resolution dominated by decay vertex resolution. – Production vertex precisely determined thanks to nm beamspot dimensions
SuperB lumi at 4 GeV = 1035 cm-2s-1 produces ~109 DD per month
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 2323
Luminosity•For gaussian bunches:
geometrical
Reduction factor
Ne+ ( Ne
- ) is the number of positrons (electrons) in a bunch
fcoll is the collision frequency
σx (σy) is the horizontal (vertical) r.m.s. size at the I.P.
Rl is the Luminosity Reduction factor by incomplete overlap: crossing angle and “hour glass” effect.
•TRADITIONAL (brute force): increase the numerator Currents increase: from 1A on 2 A up to 4.1 A on 9.4 A- Wall Plug Power, HOM,CSR: hard to surpass 5 1035 cm2s-1 Crab Crossing to increase Rl and to optimize beam dynamic•SuperB: decrease the denominator (same currents as PEP-II) Bunch sizes: from σy = 3μm down to σy = 40 nm Luminosity: 1036 cm2s-1 ( baseline) . Crab Waist and large Piwinsky angle to optimize beam dynamic
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 24
CRAB WAIST
M.Zobov will talk in detail about
crab waist and the Dane test.
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 25
CRAB WAIST TEST IN FRASCATI
y ymeas 0.88
y yp2 ye
2
y 3.5mVertical scan
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 26 Sept 9,2008 Marcello A. Giorgi26
SuperB Test of crab waist at Dane (LNF)
Transverse beam dimensions at the Synchrotron Light Monitor
LUMINOMETERS
Blow-up in beam sizes and decrease in Bhabha rates observed when crab sexts for one ring OFF (other ring ON)
Crab ON
Crab OFF
e-
e+
x y
Luminosity stable above 2.0x1032 reached
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 2727
SuperB parameters with higher Wall Power
Doubling currents with a factor 2 in Wall power we can double the luminosity
150m needed for Polarization
LEBHEB
Asymmetric bunch size to optimize beam lifetime (Touschek effect)
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 2828
SuperB expected LUMI
After 7th year integrated Luminosity can grow at rate of 40 ÷ 60 ab-1/year
Integrated Luminosity(1/ab)
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
>80ab-1 in 7th year
Peak Luminosity (10^35)
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 29
29
Super flavor factory projects
Machine project Cms Energy
(GeV)
Mode Polarization
of e- beam >80%
for
Luminosity
(cm-2 s-1)
Super c-BINP (Russia)
3.0÷4.5 Symmetric Yes 1÷2 1035
SuperKEKB
(Japan)10.58 Asymmetric No 2÷8 1035
SuperB-
Roma10.58
4.0
Asymmetric Yes 1÷4 1036
1 1035
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 30
SuperB
SuperB is an asymmetric collider (7GeV e- ,4GeV e+)
Baseline peak luminosty 10 36 (upgradable).
15-60 ab-1/year as dictated by the physics program.
e- beam longitudinally polarized (85%).
Possibility of operating (ASYMMETRIC) at threshold for D0 CP violation studywith time dependent analysis.
COMPLEMENTARY to a Super c- symmetric factory.
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 3131
Detector Layout – Reuse parts of Babar
OPTION
BASELINE
Geant4 model
Silicon Vertex TrackerMAPS pixel devices: resolution, efficiency, readout speed (now under test at CERN !)Advanced trigger systems (Associative Memories)
Drift ChamberCell size, shape, and gas mixture
Particle ID system (forward system)Radiators (Aerogel, NaF) Photon detector (MCP, MAPMTs, SiPM)Timing for TOF system
Electromagnetic CalorimeterForw: LYSO Crystals leakage, resolution, mechanical structureBack: Lead-scintillator calorimeter resolution
Instrumented Flux ReturnScintillator, fibers, photon detector, readout electronics
Test beam goals for 2008-2010
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 32
Beam test on MAPS for layer 0
• Beam test started last week @ CERN (T9). Main goals:– DNW MAPS matrix resolution & efficiency– Thin (200 m) striplets module with FSSR2 readout chips– Demostrate LVL1 capability with tracker information sent to
Associative Memories – New DAQ system developed for data push architecture
beam
T-1,2,3,4 :reference telescope modules
S1
S2
S3
T-2,1T-4,3
Striplets-1
Striplets-2
MAPS-1
MAPS-2
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 33
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 34
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 35
PROCESS
SuperB process is going on after the scrutiny of many international committees.
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 36
Reviews summaryINFN Internation Review Comm
– John Dainton – UK/Daresbury, chair– Jacques Lefrancois – F/Orsay– Antonio Masiero – I/Padova– Rolf Heuer – D/ Desy– Daniel Schulte – CERN– Abe Seiden – USA/UCSC– Young-Kee Kim – USA/FNAL– Hiroaki Aihara – Japan/Tokyo+ Tatsuya Nakada (RECFA)+ Steve Myers – accel expert
Report released May 2008recommend strongly continuation of work for 1036 cm-2 s-1 asymmetric e+e- collider
RECFA Committee– Tatsuya Nakada– Yanis Karyotakis– Frank Linde– Bernhard Spaan
SuperB presented twice at ECFAPresentation fall 08 to CERN strategy group
- chair Steinar Stapnes
DOE Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5)
Report released May 2008Recommend significant US Participation in offshore flavour factory in the intermediate funding scenario
Mini Machine Advisory Commitee– Klaus Balewski (DESY)– John Corlett (LBNL)– Jonathan Dorfan (SLAC, Chair)– Tom Himel (SLAC/ DESY)– Claudio Pellegrini (UCLA)– Daniel Schulte (CERN)– Ferdi Willeke (BNL)– Andy Wolski (Liverpool) – Frank Zimmermann (CERN)
First meeting in July 16-17,2008No glaring showstoppersForm a management structure
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 37
Comments on reviews
• Link to meetings and reports:http://www.pi.infn.it/SuperB/reviews
• Dainton committee • Mini MAC
J ohn DaintonI NFN SuperB
La BioladaJ une 1st 2008
5. Conclusion
● recommend strongly continuation of work f or 1036 cm- 2 s- 1 asymmetric e+e- collider
● even more concerted eff ort to f ully evaluatephysics potential ↔ machine specifications
● major design program to establish credibilityof machine now critical ← showstoppers?
● MAC now essential● preservation of detectors
PEP2 components
increasing global involvement if timescale f ora TDR is to be met
I RC First reportI RC First report
•Very exciting project -- Committee is exhilarated by the challenge•Physics requirement of 10**36 cm-2 sec-1 or 75 ab-1/5yr is very demanding•Committee considers the SINGLE MOST ESSENTIAL ingredient for moving forward is the formation of a sanctioned management structure which formally incorporates a dedicated machine design team. The team members must have the strong support of their home institutions to work on the design. The team needs a designated leader, who is as close to full time as is possible
•The Committee sees no glaring showstoppers wrt achieving the design performance. However, in several key areas, more work is needed before the design can be blessed
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 38
The processSuperB presented twice at ECFARECFA Committee
– Tatsuya Nakada– Yanis Karyotakis– Frank Linde– Bernhard Spaan
RECFA meeting in Athens October ’08 Plenary ECFA Nov . 28,2008Final report to Cern Strategy Group at the
December Council meeting.
Project has been presented last Friday Sept 19 by R. Petronzio at the CERN council. Discussion already with the Cern Strategy group secretary Steiner Stapness.
FINAL REPORT EXPECTED BY MARCH 09.
MEANWHILE we are elaborating the management structure of SuperB
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 39 3939
END
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 40Marcello A. Giorgi
4040
Charm
• Charm events at threshold are very clean: pure DD, no additional fragmentation
• High signal/bkg ratio: optimal for decays with neutrinos.• Quantum Coherence: new and alternative CP violation
measurement wrt to (4S). Unique opportunity to measure D0-D0 relative phase.
• Increased statistics is not an advantage running at threshold: cross-section 3x wrt 10GeV but luminosity 10x smaller.
• SuperB lumi at 4 GeV = 1035 cm-2s-1 produces ~109 DD pairs per month of running. (using Cleo-c cross-section measurement [(e+e-D0D0)~3.6 nb ] +[ (e+e-D+D-)~2.8 nb] ~ 6.4 nb)
• Time-dependent measurements at 4 GeV only possible at SuperB to extract Phase .
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 41 Sept 9,2008 Marcello A. Giorgi41
Marcello A. Giorgi41
CP Violation in charm from mixing NOW
SuperB
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 42 Sept 9,2008 Marcello A. Giorgi42 LNF July 16,2008 Marcello A. Giorgi42
Time dependent measurements at DD threshold:only possible at SuperB
• Proper time resolution dominated by decay vertex resolution. – Production vertex precisely determined thanks to nm beamspot dimensions
SuperB nominal boost
ct = 0.28 120 m ~ 30m
Average flight distance similar to vertex resolution t~
With SuperB lumi at 4 GeV = 1035 cm-2s-1 expected ~109 DD per month
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 4343
Crab Waist
• Crab waist: modulation of the y-waist position, particles collides a same βy realized with a sextupole upstream the IP.
• Minimization of nonlinear terms in the beam-beam interaction: reduced emittance growth, suppression of betatron and sincro-betatron coupling
• Maximization of the bunch-bunch overlap: luminosity gain
• Low wall power
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 44
Luminosity and specific luminosity with and without Crab Sextupoles
26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi 45
SVT - Layer 0 Options
Striplets option: mature technology, not so robustagainst background.• Marginal with background rate higher than ~ 5 MHz/cm2
• Moderate R&D needed on module interconnection/mechanics/FE chip (FSSR2)
CMOS MAPS option • new & challenging technology:• can provide the required thickness • existing devices are too slow• Extensive R&D ongoing (SLIM5-Collaboration) on
3-well devices 50x50um2
Hybrid Pixel Option: tends to be too thick.• An example: Alice hybrid pixel module ~ 1% X0 • Possible material reduction with the latest
technology improvements• Viable option, although marginal
PREAMPL
SHAPER
DISC LATCHPREAMPL
SHAPER
DISC LATCH
• The BaBar SVT technology is adequate for R > 3cm: use design similar to BaBar SVT
• Layer0 is subject to large backround and needs to be extremely thin: > 5MHz/cm2, 1MRad/yr, < 0.5%X0
G.Rizzo