Present and past simple passive27I can use the passive to talk about processes, systems and past events.
Active or passive?
Most English sentences are active. In active sentences, the focus is on the person or thing which is doing the action. When the subject is doing the action, we call it the agent.
Subject (agent) Verb Object Other
information
People drink tea in many countries.
The emphasis changes in passive sentences; the subject of the sentence is not the agent. We don’t always include the agent.
Subject Verb Other information
Tea is drunk in many countries.
We can introduce the agent using by. But we use the passive because the most important thing in the sentence is not the agent. This chair was made by a young carpenter.
1 Are these sentences active (A) or passive (P)? The tower was built in 1703. P They built the tower in 1703. A
1 Where do people grow lemons? 2 Where are lemons grown? 3 Two men stole the painting.
4 The painting was stolen. 5 Class 4 is taught by Miss Brown. 6 Miss Brown teaches Class 4. 7 Who was it made by? 8 Who made it?
Subject Verb By + agent Other information
Tea is drunk by people in many countries.
We often use the passive when we don’t know the agent, or when it isn’t necessary to state the agent. Oranges are grown in Spain.
For this reason, we often use the passive to describe processes, systems, and events in the news. The seeds are removed from the fruit, then the fruit is dried in the sun. The new cinema was opened yesterday.
The passive is more impersonal than the active because it focuses on the action rather than the person or people doing the action. For this reason we often use the passive in more formal speech and writing.
A lot of t-shirts are printed with images by famous artists, you know.
Ah, this one was designed by me!
What about the one that you’re wearing?
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Present and past simple passiveOxford Grammar for Schools is a five-level series that helps students understand and practise grammar, supporting and extending what they learn in their coursebooks. This lesson introduces or reviews the present and past simple passive, and gives students practice in using the passive to talk about processes, systems and past events.
Present simple passiveWe often use the present simple passive to talk about systems and processes, where the actions are more important than the people who are performing them.
The water is tested every day, and the results are sent to a laboratory for analysis.
We form all passives with the auxiliary verb be and a past participle. In the present simple passive, be is in the present simple. Fresh bread is sold here. I’m not told all the details. ‘Are the bins emptied every day?‘ ‘Yes, they are.’
2 27.1 Match the present simple passive verbs to the sentences. Then listen and check.
are checked is unloaded is sorted is attached is collected are loaded
What happens to your luggage when you travel by plane? Here’s how the system works.
A special tag is attached to every piece of luggage at Departures. All the bags and suitcases 1 by a machine. The luggage 2 and loaded onto a cart for the flight. All the bags and suitcases for the flight 3 onto the aeroplane. The luggage 4 at Arrivals. It 5 from the carousel by the passengers.
3 game Work in pairs. Cover the sentences in
exercise 2. Look at the pictures. Can you remember all the sentences?
4 Complete the sentences with the verb in brackets in the present simple passive. Yogurt is made from milk. (make)1 The ice into small pieces. (break)2 The apples in the autumn. (pick) 3 The floors every day. (not/clean)4 I to go to every meeting.
(not/expect)5 Martin a lot of homework. (give)6 You downstairs. (need)7 The information for ever. (not
keep)8 All the exam results by the head
teacher. (see)
5 Complete the text with the correct verbs in the present simple passive.
throw sort wash crush take melt make
6 Complete the questions with is or are. What are old bottles and glass items thrown into?1 Where they taken to?2 How the bottles and glass items sorted?3 the glass washed or broken first?4 What the old glass made into?
7 Work in pairs. Cover exercise 5. Ask and answer the questions in exercise 6.
3
2
1
5
4
What are old bottles and glass items thrown into? recycling bins.
How is glass recycled?
Bottles and other glass items are thrown
into recycling bins. The items 1 from the recycling bin to a glass treatment plant. They 2 by colour – green, white and brown. They 3 so that the glass is completely clean. The glass 4 into small pieces. It 5 at a high temperature. Then it 6 into new bottles and jars.
Past simple passiveSome old coins were found in a field near here. My sister was interviewed on TV.
In the past simple passive, be is in the past simple. The painting was stolen. We weren’t invited. ‘Were these photos taken by your uncle?’ ‘Yes, they were.’
When we use adverbs of time with the passive, we put them between be and the past participle. T-shirts were first worn in the 19th century. This job was usually done by a man.
8 27.2 Read the conversation and circle the correct answers. Then listen and check. Sam: What’s all that stuff? Ted: I gave / was given this old box that
1belonged / was belonged to my great-grandfather. He 2was / was been a photographer.
Sam: Wow. What kind of photos 3did he take / was he taken?
Ted: He was a journalist, so he 4often sent / was often sent to different countries and he 5took / was taken all kinds of photos. A lot of his professional photos 6sold / were sold by one of my aunts last year, but this box 7kept / was kept in the family because the pictures are more personal.
Sam: Oh, right.Ted: Look at these photos. I’m pretty sure
they 8took / were taken in Japan. He 9loved / was loved Japan, and he 10offered / was offered a good job there, but he didn’t take it. I don’t know why.
9 Complete the sentences with the verb in brackets in the past simple active or passive. Everyone was given a present. (give) Charlie fell off his bike. (fall)1 Linda and Amy to leave by the
teacher. (ask)2 That tower 300 years ago.
(first/build)3 We by the police. (not/stop)4 I anything about it. (not/tell)5 Ted 20 minutes ago. (arrive)6 The bag behind the tree. (hide)7 These tables here. (not/make)8 All the letters a week ago.
(definitely/post) 9 It yesterday. (not/deliver)
10 Computers 200 years ago. (not/exist)
10 Use the prompts to write past simple passive questions. When and where/bicycles/first/ride? When and where were bicycles first ridden ?1 In which decade/DVDs/invent? In which decade ?2 Where/violins/first/make? Where ?3 In which century/the first newspaper/print? In which century ?4 Where/football/first/play? Where ?5 In which century/ice-cream/first/eat? In which century ?6 Where/coffee/first/drink? Where ?
11 Work in groups. How many of the questions in exercise 10 can you answer? Check the answers on page 187.
When and where were bicycles first ridden?
I have no idea!
I think it was in the nineteenth century, but I don’t know where.
12 Work in pairs. Student A go to page 182. Student B complete the sentences below. Then check your answers with Student A.
Someone checks the water every two hours.
1 All our biscuits by hand.
2 The police her at three o’clock this morning.
3 You by Julia today. We hope you enjoyed your meal!
4 They all the fish locally.
5 This building in 1996.
13 Complete the passive sentences so that they mean the same as the active sentences. Use by + agent. A fashion designer designs a new line of clothes. A new line of clothes is designed by a fashion
designer. 1 Factory workers make the new line of clothes. The new .2 Lorry drivers transport the finished clothes to the
shops. The finished clothes .3 Shop workers unpack the delivery. The .4 Customers buy the clothes. The .5 The customers wear the clothes. The .
14 Rewrite the text using the present and past simple passive.
15 Write about the everyday objects below using the present and past simple passive. Answer the questions.
T-shirtsWho wears them? What are they made of? What designs are printed on them? Find out: When were they first worn?
Tea bagsWhere are they produced? Who uses them? How do people use them? Find out: What’s the history of tea bags?
ToothbrushesWho uses them? What are they made of? How do electric toothbrushes work? Find out: When were they first invented?
The water is checked every two hours.
People all around the world use umbrellas. Someone invented the basic umbrella over 4000 years ago. We see umbrellas in ancient art from Greece, Egypt, Assyria and China. People designed the first umbrellas for protection from the sun. People didn’t use umbrellas in Europe until the 18th century.Passengers leave about 80,000 umbrellas on the London Underground every year.
Umbrellas are used by people all around the world. the basic umbrella …
We make all our biscuits by hand.
A woman was arrested at three o’clock in the morning.
The third activity you could try is aqua – or water – aerobics. It’s similar to traditional aerobics, in which you move in time to music, but you do the class in a swimming pool. The water makes the movements more difficult, so you have to work harder. At the same time the movements are slower and gentler than in a normal aerobics classes because the water supports your body. For this reason, water aerobics is good for anyone who has problems with their knees and elbows.
25 Prepositions of time, place and movement
25.11 A: Hello? B: Hi, it’s James here. Is that Tim? A: Yes, it is. A: Could I speak to Leo, please? B: He’s just gone to the shops but he’ll back in a few
minutes. A: OK, I’ll call back in ten minutes. Could you tell him I
phoned, Tim? B: Yes, of course. Bye, then. A: Bye.2 Oscar Webster is one of the most important writers of the
twentieth century. He was born in London on 1st January 1949. In the summer of that year, his parents moved to India. Oscar…
3 A: … so, Bella, your train is at quarter past one, is that right? B: Yes. A: Well, once again thank you very much for coming here
this morning. B: That’s OK. It’s been very interesting. A: And we’ll speak again on Friday. Is morning or
afternoon better for you? B: Friday afternoon would be good for me. A: OK, I’ll call you then to talk more about your September
performances. B: OK. A: I’ll put all of this in an email this afternoon and … 4 A: Hello? Is that Angie? B: No, it’s Libby. A: Oh, it’s Cathy here. Could I speak to Angie? B: She’s not here at the moment, I’m afraid. She’s away for
a few days. She’s coming back on Saturday. A: Ah.. I was just thinking, I’d really like to come in stay in
the last week of May. Do you know if that’ll be possible? B: I don’t know, I’m afraid. A: No problem. I’ll call again at the weekend. B: OK. Bye then. A: Bye.
25.2� Carrots grow below the ground.1 Your index finger is next to your thumb.2 Pearls grow inside oyster shells.3 Your heart is in front of your lungs.4 Dundee is in Scotland.5 The giant clam is a shellfish which lives in the sea among
coral structures.6 It’s not a good idea to stand against a wall that has a ‘wet
paint’ sign on it.
25.3� How many ducks are walking along the river bank?1 What colour is the frog that’s jumping out of the river?2 How many people are walking towards the ice-cream van?3 What colour is the cable car that’s going into the cloud?4 How many people are walking around the lake?5 How many people are jumping into the lake?
26 Linking words 26.1
� She worked as a nurse in the nineties.1 Here’s a photo of my uncle. He looks like a businessman but
he’s actually an artist.2 I’d like to talk to you as a friend. Is that OK?3 The test was quite difficult, as I expected.4 He’d like to get a job as a tour guide next summer.5 She sings beautifully, like a bird. Listen!6 We used a sharp stone as a knife. It worked very well.7 Let’s get her some flowers, like roses or tulips.8 This perfume smells like flowers and vanilla. It’s very nice.
26.2Here are the answers to the Natural World Quiz, so get ready to find out how many your team got correct.For the first three questions, we’re thinking about continents. According to scientific discoveries it seems that no horses lived in Australia during the Ice Age, so Australia is the first answer. There are deserts in every continent except Europe. And spiders – these live in every continent except Antarctica, so if you’re not a fan of spiders then that’s the place to live!The next three questions are about losses to the natural world due to human activity. Deforestation – cutting down large numbers of trees for industry – has resulted in the loss of some bird species, and some species of animals, too. Some kinds of tiger have been lost for ever because of hunting, and in the future some species of shark may become extinct because of overfishing – the food industry taking too many fish out of the sea, in other words.You need a season and a time of day for the next two answers. Turtles, like many animals, hibernate during the winter. And most birds fly during the night when they are migrating, despite the fact that they usually fly during the day at other times.Tails, now, and we’re thinking about what different animals use them for. Now, some lizards use their tail as a weapon to protect themselves against attackers. And, of course, all fish use their tail as a propeller to help them swim, like the propeller at the back of a boat.How long do different animals live for? Chickens – about 20 years. Rhinos – about 50 years. And the Giant Tortoise – they often live until they’re an amazing 150 years old.Finally – carnivores, herbivores and omnivores: what are they? Well, herbivores only eat plants and carnivores only eat meat so ominvores is the answer to question 14: omnivores eat plants and meat.Most carnivores and omnivores have big teeth for eating meat, but things aren’t always as they seem in the natural world. With their big teeth hippos look like carnivores but they are actually herbivores. And you wouldn’t expect a plant to be a carnivore, but the Venus Flytrap is. Its leaves are a bit like a mouth – they close when a fly walks on them, and the plant ‘eats’ the fly. The final answer, then is carnivores, and that’s the end of the quiz. How many correct answers did you get?
27 Present and past simple passive 27.1
What happens to your luggage when you travel by plane? Here’s how the system works.A special tag is attached to every piece of luggage at Departures.All the bags and suitcases are checked by a machine.The luggage is sorted and loaded onto a cart for the flight.All the bags and suitcases for the flight are loaded onto the aeroplane.The luggage is unloaded at Arrivals.It is collected from the carousel by the passengers.
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31Audioscript
27.2Sam: What’s all that stuff?Ted: I was given this old box that belonged to my great-
grandfather. He was a photographer.Sam: Wow, what kind of photos did he take?Ted: He was journalist, so he was often sent to different
countries and he took all different kinds of photos. A lot of his professional photos were sold by one of my aunts last year, but this box was kept in the family because the pictures are more personal.
Sam: Oh, right.Ted: Look at these photos. I’m pretty sure they were taken
in Japan. He loved Japan, and he was offered a good job there, but he didn’t take it. I don’t know why.
27.3Here are the answers to the General Knowledge Quiz.The first Olympic Games were held in Athens, in Greece.Chess was first played in India, in the sixth century.Glass is mostly made of silica.Denim jeans were first worn in the nineteenth century.Akan is an African language which is spoken in Ghana.Most of the world’s oranges are grown in a, Brazil.Brazil is also the world’s biggest coffee producer, so the answer for number six is c.Shooting stars are actually meteor showers. They are usually seen about 100km above the Earth.This bridge, the Rialto Bridge in Venice, Italy, was built in the sixteenth century, in 1591.Fireworks were first invented by the Chinese, in the seventh century.The first skyscraper – officially recognized as a building more than ten storeys high – was built in the USA, in the city of Chicago, in 1885.
28 Future simple passive and might 28.1
1 It’ll be put in a cup of hot water. Then it’ll be taken out and thrown in the bin.
2 It’ll be borrowed. It’ll be read. It’ll be returned to the library.
3 They’ll be washed. They’ll be ironed. They’ll be worn again.4 He’ll be interviewed and he’ll be photographed.5 They’ll be peeled. 6 It’ll be cut into pieces. It’ll be made into a dress.
28.2� We might be given some books.1 It might be used as a bag.2 He might be asked to give a speech.3 You might not be met at the airport.4 They might get taken to a restaurant.5 She might not get offered the job.6 It might not be announced today.
28.3A: It will probably be left where it is, but it might be put in a
garden.B: Is it the flower?A: No, no, no. It might be taken inside a house and used to
keep a door open.C: Is it the old boot?A: No! It probably won’t be moved anywhere but it might be
put in a river and used as a step.B: Is it the …A: Yes, it is.
29 Have something done 29.1
1 Have you had your hair cut?2 I’ve had my shoes polished.3 She’s having her eyes tested.4 I might have my feet measured.
29.2It had been a busy morning. I’d been to the shoe shop (where I’d just had my feet measured for the first time in ages!) and then I’d been to the hairdresser’s where I’d had my hair cut and styled in a new way.Then, when I was riding my bike home through the park, I rode straight into an enormous rock that was lying on the path. I flew off my bike and over the handlebars and landed on the path on my right arm – which was really painful.I managed to push my bike home with my good arm, but my bad arm was still really hurting, so Mum took me straight to hospital where I had it x-rayed. Fortunately, the doctor told me it wasn’t broken, but I had it bandaged by a nurse and they told me to rest it for a few weeks.The front wheel of my bike is quite badly damaged, but I’m having it repaired tomorrow.I think I didn’t see the rock in the park because my hair was over my eyes, but Mum’s worried that I might have a problem with my eyes. She says I have to have my eyes tested before I go on my bike again!
Revison 8 R8.1
Welcome back to school, everyone. I hope you’ve all had a really good holiday.Have you noticed what’s different about the school? Classrooms B9 and B10 were knocked down at the beginning of the summer holidays and three new classrooms were built in their place. I’m sure you’ll agree that the new buildings look much better.Some bad news next, I’m afraid. Two windows in C Block were broken during the holidays. Someone was seen running away from the school, but nobody was caught. Fortunately nothing was stolen from the school, and the windows were fixed the next day. However, it was a very wet night and some computer equipment was damaged by the rain. We will replace the equipment as soon as we can.More good news now. Work is continuing on the new swimming pool, which will eventually be used for swimming lessons by everyone in the school. Most of the work has now finished, and the roof is complete. I hope the pool will be filled by the end of the next week.Thank you to everyone who entered the holiday Short Story Competition. My colleagues and I have enjoyed reading your work. The winners of the holiday Short Story Writing competition will be announced on Friday, and the winning stories will be printed in the school magazine next month.Over the next few weeks, everyone in the school is invited to have their eyes tested by the school nurse. This is a free service. Pupils who don’t want to take this opportunity must bring a letter from their parents.Please remember to keep bringing old plastic bottles to school. They are taken to the recycling centre and – for large numbers of bottles – we get money for the school.Finally, everyone, I’d like to…
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31Audioscript
27.2Sam: What’s all that stuff?Ted: I was given this old box that belonged to my great-
grandfather. He was a photographer.Sam: Wow, what kind of photos did he take?Ted: He was journalist, so he was often sent to different
countries and he took all different kinds of photos. A lot of his professional photos were sold by one of my aunts last year, but this box was kept in the family because the pictures are more personal.
Sam: Oh, right.Ted: Look at these photos. I’m pretty sure they were taken
in Japan. He loved Japan, and he was offered a good job there, but he didn’t take it. I don’t know why.
27.3Here are the answers to the General Knowledge Quiz.The first Olympic Games were held in Athens, in Greece.Chess was first played in India, in the sixth century.Glass is mostly made of silica.Denim jeans were first worn in the nineteenth century.Akan is an African language which is spoken in Ghana.Most of the world’s oranges are grown in a, Brazil.Brazil is also the world’s biggest coffee producer, so the answer for number six is c.Shooting stars are actually meteor showers. They are usually seen about 100km above the Earth.This bridge, the Rialto Bridge in Venice, Italy, was built in the sixteenth century, in 1591.Fireworks were first invented by the Chinese, in the seventh century.The first skyscraper – officially recognized as a building more than ten storeys high – was built in the USA, in the city of Chicago, in 1885.
28 Future simple passive and might 28.1
1 It’ll be put in a cup of hot water. Then it’ll be taken out and thrown in the bin.
2 It’ll be borrowed. It’ll be read. It’ll be returned to the library.
3 They’ll be washed. They’ll be ironed. They’ll be worn again.4 He’ll be interviewed and he’ll be photographed.5 They’ll be peeled. 6 It’ll be cut into pieces. It’ll be made into a dress.
28.2� We might be given some books.1 It might be used as a bag.2 He might be asked to give a speech.3 You might not be met at the airport.4 They might get taken to a restaurant.5 She might not get offered the job.6 It might not be announced today.
28.3A: It will probably be left where it is, but it might be put in a
garden.B: Is it the flower?A: No, no, no. It might be taken inside a house and used to
keep a door open.C: Is it the old boot?A: No! It probably won’t be moved anywhere but it might be
put in a river and used as a step.B: Is it the …A: Yes, it is.
29 Have something done 29.1
1 Have you had your hair cut?2 I’ve had my shoes polished.3 She’s having her eyes tested.4 I might have my feet measured.
29.2It had been a busy morning. I’d been to the shoe shop (where I’d just had my feet measured for the first time in ages!) and then I’d been to the hairdresser’s where I’d had my hair cut and styled in a new way.Then, when I was riding my bike home through the park, I rode straight into an enormous rock that was lying on the path. I flew off my bike and over the handlebars and landed on the path on my right arm – which was really painful.I managed to push my bike home with my good arm, but my bad arm was still really hurting, so Mum took me straight to hospital where I had it x-rayed. Fortunately, the doctor told me it wasn’t broken, but I had it bandaged by a nurse and they told me to rest it for a few weeks.The front wheel of my bike is quite badly damaged, but I’m having it repaired tomorrow.I think I didn’t see the rock in the park because my hair was over my eyes, but Mum’s worried that I might have a problem with my eyes. She says I have to have my eyes tested before I go on my bike again!
Revison 8 R8.1
Welcome back to school, everyone. I hope you’ve all had a really good holiday.Have you noticed what’s different about the school? Classrooms B9 and B10 were knocked down at the beginning of the summer holidays and three new classrooms were built in their place. I’m sure you’ll agree that the new buildings look much better.Some bad news next, I’m afraid. Two windows in C Block were broken during the holidays. Someone was seen running away from the school, but nobody was caught. Fortunately nothing was stolen from the school, and the windows were fixed the next day. However, it was a very wet night and some computer equipment was damaged by the rain. We will replace the equipment as soon as we can.More good news now. Work is continuing on the new swimming pool, which will eventually be used for swimming lessons by everyone in the school. Most of the work has now finished, and the roof is complete. I hope the pool will be filled by the end of the next week.Thank you to everyone who entered the holiday Short Story Competition. My colleagues and I have enjoyed reading your work. The winners of the holiday Short Story Writing competition will be announced on Friday, and the winning stories will be printed in the school magazine next month.Over the next few weeks, everyone in the school is invited to have their eyes tested by the school nurse. This is a free service. Pupils who don’t want to take this opportunity must bring a letter from their parents.Please remember to keep bringing old plastic bottles to school. They are taken to the recycling centre and – for large numbers of bottles – we get money for the school.Finally, everyone, I’d like to…
9 1 sadly 4 beautifully 7 hard2 well 5 fast 8 cheerfully3 politely 6 noisily
10 1 out 3 later 5 outdoors2 downstairs 4 terribly 6 on foot
12 1 runs fast2 nicely now3 abroad for ten years4 away quietly at the end of the lesson 5 here yesterday6 away at the moment7 here for five minutes8 there by plane
13 1 Run home quickly.2 I’m going out now.3 Will you be in this evening?4 She works hard at the weekend.5 You must clean your teeth carefully at bedtime.6 Let’s talk quietly in the garden for five minutes.
14 1 Where 4 Where 7 When2 How often 5 How 8 How3 How 6 How often
Unit 241 2 f 3 b 4 a 5 d 6 e
2 1 They were so friendly. 2 That’s so funny.3 You did that so carefully.4 There’s such a lot of smoke.5 Is it such a problem?6 That’s so true.7 It was such a nice day.8 That’s such good news.9 You run so fast!
10 I’ve got so many ideas!
5 1 so, d 3 such, i 5 such, g 7 such, c2 so, h 4 so, b 6 so, a 8 such, f
6 1 It was such a hot day (that) my ice-cream melted.2 The shelf was so high (that) he couldn’t reach it3 The wind blew so hard (that) the fence fell down.4 There were such a lot of people (that) some people had to
stand.5 The fog was so thick (that) we couldn’t see anything.
8 1 such 6 so many2 so 7 such a3 so amazing that 8 so badly4 such a fantastic 9 so happy5 so beautiful 10 so near the beach that
2 1 are checked 3 are loaded 5 is collected2 is sorted 4 is unloaded
4 1 is broken 4 ’m not expected 7 isn’t kept2 are picked 5 ’s given 8 are seen3 aren’t cleaned 6 ’re needed
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12 Answer key
5 1 are taken 3 are washed 5 is melted2 are sorted 4 is crushed 6 is made
6 1 are 2 are 3 Is 4 is
8 1 belonged 5 took 9 loved2 was 6 were sold 10 was offered3 did he take 7 was kept4 was often sent 8 were taken
9 1 were asked 6 was hidden2 was first built 7 weren’t made3 weren’t stopped 8 were definitely posted4 wasn’t told 9 wasn’t delivered5 arrived 10 didn’t exist
10 1 were DVDs invented2 were violins first made3 was the first newspaper printed4 was football first played5 was ice-cream first eaten6 was coffee first drunk
12 Student A’s answers:1 are made 3 were served 5 was opened2 arrested 4 catchStudent B’s answers:1 make 3 served 5 opened2 was arrested 4 is caught
13 1 The new line of clothes is made by factory workers.2 The finished clothes are transported to the shops by lorry
drivers.3 The delivery is unpacked by shop workers.4 The clothes are bought by customers.5 The clothes are worn by customers.
14 Umbrellas are used by people all around the world. The basic umbrella was invented over 4000 years ago. Umbrellas are seen in ancient art from Greece, Egypt, Assyria and China. The first umbrellas were designed for protection from the sun. Umbrellas weren’t used in Europe until the 18th century. About 80,000 umbrellas are left on the London Underground every year.
16 1 first played 6 coffee produced2 mostly made 7 usually seen3 When were 8 built4 Where is 9 invented by5 oranges grown 10 Where was
17 1 a 3 b 5 a 7 a 9 c 2 a 4 b 6 c 8 b 10 b
Unit 281 1 c 2 e 3 a 4 d 5 b
2 1 ’ll be interviewed, d 7 ’ll be worn again, a2 ’ll be borrowed, e 8 ’ll be photographed, d3 ’ll be put, c 9 ’ll be returned, e4 ’ll be cut, � 10 ’ll be peeled, b5 ’ll be ironed, a 11 ’ll be thrown, c6 ’ll be read, e 12 ’ll be made, �
3 1 by 3 with 5 by2 with 4 with 6 by
4 1 will open 4 will work2 will be finished 5 will be remembered3 be disturbed 6 ’ll be told
5 1 They’ll definitely be given a prize.2 It’ll probably be kept here for 24 hours.3 I’ll definitely be invited. 4 It probably won’t be finished today. 5 You definitely won’t be asked again. 6 They probably won’t be needed.
6 1 You will be contacted by us again in the autumn.2 This information definitely won’t be kept on our computer. 3 The new road probably won’t be built in the next five
years.4 The new sports centre will probably be used by local
people.5 The houses probably won’t be built with environmentally-
friendly materials.
8 1 used 3 met 5 get2 asked 4 taken 6 not
9 1 They might be fried.2 They might be scrambled.3 They might be painted and used as decorations.4 It might get burnt.5 It might get recycled.6 It might get used to clean the floor.
10 1 might get bitten 4 might get stung2 might get damaged 5 might get infected3 might get burnt 6 might get struck
12 The rock/big stone (picture 7)
Unit 291 1 e 2 a 3 b 4 c 5 f
2 b
4 Order: c, f, b, e, a, d
6 1 I have to have them tested.2 I had it bandaged by a nurse.3 I’m having it repaired tomorrow.4 I’d had it cut and styled in a new way.5 I hadn’t had them measured for ages.
8 1 ’re having the windows cleaned2 did you last have your hair cut3 never had our photo taken4 might have her name printed5 like having your hair washed6 is having a pizza delivered
3 1 C 3 A 5 B 7 A 9 A 11 B 2 B 4 D 6 B 8 D 10 D 12 B
4 1 is visited 4 is having a2 were established 5 might be used3 their weddings filmed 6 will be given
6 1 A 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 B 6 C
7 1 government 4 photo 7 clothes2 Director 5 shown 8 screen3 see 6 might
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12 Answer key
5 1 are taken 3 are washed 5 is melted2 are sorted 4 is crushed 6 is made
6 1 are 2 are 3 Is 4 is
8 1 belonged 5 took 9 loved2 was 6 were sold 10 was offered3 did he take 7 was kept4 was often sent 8 were taken
9 1 were asked 6 was hidden2 was first built 7 weren’t made3 weren’t stopped 8 were definitely posted4 wasn’t told 9 wasn’t delivered5 arrived 10 didn’t exist
10 1 were DVDs invented2 were violins first made3 was the first newspaper printed4 was football first played5 was ice-cream first eaten6 was coffee first drunk
12 Student A’s answers:1 are made 3 were served 5 was opened2 arrested 4 catchStudent B’s answers:1 make 3 served 5 opened2 was arrested 4 is caught
13 1 The new line of clothes is made by factory workers.2 The finished clothes are transported to the shops by lorry
drivers.3 The delivery is unpacked by shop workers.4 The clothes are bought by customers.5 The clothes are worn by customers.
14 Umbrellas are used by people all around the world. The basic umbrella was invented over 4000 years ago. Umbrellas are seen in ancient art from Greece, Egypt, Assyria and China. The first umbrellas were designed for protection from the sun. Umbrellas weren’t used in Europe until the 18th century. About 80,000 umbrellas are left on the London Underground every year.
16 1 first played 6 coffee produced2 mostly made 7 usually seen3 When were 8 built4 Where is 9 invented by5 oranges grown 10 Where was
17 1 a 3 b 5 a 7 a 9 c 2 a 4 b 6 c 8 b 10 b
Unit 281 1 c 2 e 3 a 4 d 5 b
2 1 ’ll be interviewed, d 7 ’ll be worn again, a2 ’ll be borrowed, e 8 ’ll be photographed, d3 ’ll be put, c 9 ’ll be returned, e4 ’ll be cut, � 10 ’ll be peeled, b5 ’ll be ironed, a 11 ’ll be thrown, c6 ’ll be read, e 12 ’ll be made, �
3 1 by 3 with 5 by2 with 4 with 6 by
4 1 will open 4 will work2 will be finished 5 will be remembered3 be disturbed 6 ’ll be told
5 1 They’ll definitely be given a prize.2 It’ll probably be kept here for 24 hours.3 I’ll definitely be invited. 4 It probably won’t be finished today. 5 You definitely won’t be asked again. 6 They probably won’t be needed.
6 1 You will be contacted by us again in the autumn.2 This information definitely won’t be kept on our computer. 3 The new road probably won’t be built in the next five
years.4 The new sports centre will probably be used by local
people.5 The houses probably won’t be built with environmentally-
friendly materials.
8 1 used 3 met 5 get2 asked 4 taken 6 not
9 1 They might be fried.2 They might be scrambled.3 They might be painted and used as decorations.4 It might get burnt.5 It might get recycled.6 It might get used to clean the floor.
10 1 might get bitten 4 might get stung2 might get damaged 5 might get infected3 might get burnt 6 might get struck
12 The rock/big stone (picture 7)
Unit 291 1 e 2 a 3 b 4 c 5 f
2 b
4 Order: c, f, b, e, a, d
6 1 I have to have them tested.2 I had it bandaged by a nurse.3 I’m having it repaired tomorrow.4 I’d had it cut and styled in a new way.5 I hadn’t had them measured for ages.
8 1 ’re having the windows cleaned2 did you last have your hair cut3 never had our photo taken4 might have her name printed5 like having your hair washed6 is having a pizza delivered
