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OIE Global conference on Aquatic Animal Health Programmes : Their benefits for global food securityPanama City, Panama 28-30 June 2011
Aquatic Animal Health Management
in Vietnam and Strategy for 5-yearsDevelopment
Department of Animal Health, VietnamNguyen Cong Dan and Le Van Khoa
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1. Vietnam aquaculture: General introduction Government support
2. Aquatic Animal Health Management: Structure of veterinary services Aquatic animal health system
StructureImportant and emerging diseases
3. Strategy for 5 years development of aquatic animalhealth (2011-2015) management system; human capacities and technical authority; national cooperation; and international co operations and private sector involvements
Contents:
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1. Overview of Vietnam
aquaculture
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South-East Asian borders
to China, Laos andCambodia.
Total area: 330,000 km 2
Population: 85.79 million(2009)
Agro-ecological regions.
63 provinces and cities.
Warm and humid climate
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Natural Resources of Vietnam
Land area 330,000 km 2
Coastline 3,260 km
EEZ 1,000,000 km 2
Climate: North: 9-39 C, South 20-35 C
Rainfall: 2,200 mm/yr
Mekong River, Red River and many smaller rivers
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Natural Resources for Aquaculture
Ponds 160,000 ha.
Lakes and reservoirs 340,000 ha
Rice fields 580,000 ha.
Coastal zone: mangrove, bays,
lagoons, inter-tidal area 700,000 ha.
Rivers and canals: Thousands km long
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Red River Delta
Mekong River Delta
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Family fish pond
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Rice fields: 580,000 ha
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Lakes and reservoirs: 340,000 ha
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Rivers and canals:
1,000s km long
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Coastal zone: mangroves, bays, lagoons,
inter-tidal areas: 700,000 ha.
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Intensive shrimp pond
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Model marine cage-culture
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Aquaculture Area Distribution (2010)
72%
19%
9%
Mekong River Delta
Red River Delta
Remaining area
9.4%
19.2%
71.4%
Mekong River DeltaRed River Delta
Remaining Area
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Aquatic Species Biodiversity 2,030 species of endemic fish
1,600 species of endemic crustaceans
2,500 species of endemic shellfish
many seaweed species
165 species of commercial importance71 fresh water, 49 brackish water, 45 marine
Major export species:
Aquaculture: Black tiger shrimp ( P. monodon ), white legshrimp ( L. vannamei ), Mekong catfish (Pangasius), lobsters,tilapia.
Capture: tuna, makeral, sardin and some others
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Aquaculture and Capture Fisheries Production
Year Aquaculture Capture
(tons) (tons) 1999 480,800 1,526,0002000 589,600 1,660,9002001 709,900 1,724,800
2002 844,800 1,802,6002003 1,003,100 1,856,1002004 1,202,500 1,940,0002005 1,478,000 1,987,000
2006 1,694,000 2,001,7002007 1,950,000 2,020,0002008 2,280,000 2,050,0002010 2,800,000 2,100,000
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Aquaculture Fish and Shrimp Production
Year Fish Shrimp(tons) (tons)1999 336,000 57,5002000 391,100 93,5002001 421,000 154,900
2002 486,400 186,2002003 604,400 237,9002004 761,600 281,8002005 971,200 327,2002006 1,148,000 354,600
2007 1,575,000 375,0002008 1,893,000 387,0002010 2,375,000 425,000
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82%
3%
15%
Mekong River Delta
Red River DeltaRemainingarea
67%
18%
15%
Shrimp and Fish Production Distribution (2010)
Shrimp Fish
3%15%
82%
67%18%
15%
Mekong River Delta
Red River DeltaRemaining Area
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Contribution of Fisheries
Export value (2010): US$ 5.02 billions Shrimps: US$ 2.1 billions Mekong river catfish (Pangasius): US$ 2.02 billions
Others: US$ 0.9 billions
Contribution to GDP (2010): 4% Job generation: 4.5 millions Fisheries supplies: 40 % of animal protein in Vietnamese
food Fish consumption: est. 15 kg/capita (highest 60kg/capita
in coastal regions)
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Law of Fisheries :
Aquaculture area planningFeed and chemicals used in aquacultureRights and responsibilities of aquaculture individuals/groups
Ordinal of Veterinary:
develop to animal health law (in process to submit to National Assembly in 2012)
Terrestrial animals Aquatic Animals: to be included
National Aquaculture Development Programme 224 for period 1999 2010 National Fisheries Development Plan: 2011 2020 National Fisheries Biotechnology Programme: 2007 2015
Government Support for Fisheries
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2. Aquatic Animal HealthManagement
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Structure of Veterinary Services
5 ProfessionalCenters
The National Centerfor Vet. Diagnosis
The NationalCenters for Qualitycontrol of Vet.Drugs No. 1, 2
The NationalCenters for Vet.Hygiene InspectionNo.1, 2
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HEALTHFunctional Divisions:- Personnel and Administration- Epidemiology (Terrestrial)- Aquatic Animal Health
- Inspection & Quarantine- Drug & Vaccine Management- Legislation & Inspection- Plan (Inter. Cooperation & Sciences)- Finance
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTUREAND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
7 RegionalAnimal Health
Offices(RAHOs)
Regional SubDepartments ofAnimal Quarantineand Inspection inLang Son, Lao Caiand Quang Ninh
Provincial Sub-Departments of Animal Health
District VeterinaryStations
Domestic InspectionStations
Communal VeterinaryTeam
National Institute ofVeterinary Research
Veterinary Drug andVaccine Company
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Structure of Aquatic Animal Health
Ministry of Agriculture &Rural Development (MARD)
Ministry of Fisheries(MoFi)
NAFIQAVED
6 regional offices &57 provincial offices
Since Jan. 2008Before Jan. 2008
Department of Animal Health
7 regional offices
63 provincial sub-DAH
District Unit& Commune unit or
veterinarians
NAFIQAD
6 regional offices
Directorateof Fisheries
Provincial level(Setting-up)Provincial levelUnder development ALL seed, feeds,drugs, chemicalsand fertilizers usedin aquacultureMANAGED byNAFIQAVED
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Ministry of Agriculture &Rural Development (MARD)
Decision 1427 by MARD(JUNE 2009)
Department ofAnimal HealthNAFIQAD Directorateof Fisheries
Quality ofEXPORTEDaquatic products for
humanconsumption
Quality of fish seeds, feedsand fertilizers
Aquatic animal epidemiology and Surveillance
Quarantine and inspection of live aquaticanimals (import-export-domestic) andIMPORT aquatics animal products (except forhuman consumption)
Drugs, chemicals, probiotics
Hygienic practices in aquaculture
{
Structure of Aquatic Animal Health
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Important diseases in VietnamAquaculture
White Spot Disease Area affected accounts app. 10-20% (80,000 ha.) Taura Syndrome (TS)
No outbreak reported
Positive cases and mortality found
Yellow Head Disease (YHD) No outbreak reported
Positive cases and mortality found
Monodon Baculovirus (MBV) Cause slow growth Positive found 10-15% in seed populations
Infectious Myonecrosis (IMN) First reported in 2009, No outbreaks reported
Recently found positive cases from imported white shrimp broodstocks
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Milky Lobster Disease First found in 2007, mortality accounted: 80 100% Species affected: Spiny lobsters (Panulirus ornatus and P.
homarus ) Causative pathogen: Rickettsia-like bacteria
Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture
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Enteric Septicaemia of Vietnamese Catfish Species affected: Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Causative agent: Edwardsiella ictaluri
Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture
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Red Spot Disease of Carps Species affected: grass carp, black carp, common carp, Indian carps, Pathogen: Aeromonas hydrophilla
Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture
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Streptococosis in Tilapia First outbreak reported in August 2009 in northern provinces ofVietnam, losses up to 90% in the affected areas
Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture
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Vibriosis in Cobia and other marine species (grouper,red drum,)
Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture
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Emerging diseases Hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome
First found in April 2011 in Mekong delta
Mortality: average 65% (90% in intensive cultured systems, most heavylosses in Soc Trang province)
Affected species: both P. monodon and L. vannamei
Unknown pathogen (to date) Clinical signs
Findings
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Emerging diseases Hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome
Clinical signsIn early stages of the mortality, clinical signs were almost not clear.
P. monodon died at the age of 20-30 days post stocking (35-45 daysage),
while white leg shrimp L. vannamei died at the age of 30-35 days(45-50 days age).
slow growth rate,
loose shells,
and discoloration,swelled and soften liver,
atrophied hepatopancreas,
occasionally black spots in the necrosis hepatopancreas
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Emerging diseases Hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome: Findings
(Prof. Dr. Don Lightner) Histology:
No lesions diagnostic of infection by the Necrotizinghepatopancreatitis bacteria G. {HP-B) or by microsporidians,
were detected.The main pathologies found within these hepatopancreastissues are suggestive of a toxic syndrome.The toxin responsible could possibly come from theenvironment (water, feed, etc.) or from some type of bacteria.
PCR: ALL submitted samples negative with:
NHP,Spiroplasma penaei,
Microsporidian: Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei
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Other diseases/pathogens ofimportance
Diseases of coldwater fishes due to importation offertilized eggs of rainbow trout and sturgeon from EUcountries for incubation and aquaculture.
Diseases of mollusks: less research investment
Diseases of ornamental fish: less research investment
Fishborn Zoonotic Parasites: Metaceacaria stages ofliver fluke in fish
Diseases of Amphibians: Chytrid fungus? Diseases of wild aquatic animals: no investment (so far)
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3. Strategy for Development of Aquatic Animal Health
5 years (2011 to 2015)
National strategy for five years
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National strategy for five yearsdevelopment of aquatic animal health(2011 to 2015)
1) to build up management system of aquaticanimal health;
2) to improve human capacities and technicalauthority; 3) to strengthen national cooperation; and
4) to strengthen international co operations andprivate sector involvements
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National strategy
1) to build up management system of aquatic animal health: Fully operation from central government to localities;
Legislations and regulations
Sufficient man-power for management;
Sufficient infrastructures; Investment on:
Development and application of the eradication programmes forimportant diseases of aquatic species
Strengthen of aquatic animal disease surveillance system base onOIE guidelines Application of GMP in veterinary drugs production Strengthen quarantine and inspection of fish and fisheries products
import/export based on OIE guideline on aquatic animal health code
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National strategy
2) to improve human capacities and technical authority andcapability on: Epidemiology and surveillance,
disease reporting risk analysis,
laboratory diagnosis,
disease control and warning;
quarantine and inspection; and drug management.
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National strategy
3) to strengthen national cooperation between DAH with: National Agro Forestry Fisheries Quality Assurance Department
(NAFIQAD);
Directorate of Fisheries;
Research Institutes for Aquaculture No.1, 2 and 3 (RIA.1,2&3)
Can Tho University;
Nong Lam University, Nha Trang University;
Fisheries colleges Private sectors: VASEP, VINAFIS,
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National strategy4) to strengthen international cooperation:
OIE Disease reporting Reference laboratories: diagnostic assistance, supports and consultancies;
trainings and education; calibration programmes; and finding newdiseases/problems
FAO/NACA Consultancies, Trainings and education, finding new diseases Assisting for financial support to strentheng aquatic animal health system and
application of OIE standards
WCS (Wild Animal Conservation Society)
CITES CODEX WTO/SPS Privates and Associations
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Thank you very much