27917455 BQ and Preparation of BQ

7/28/2019 27917455 BQ and Preparation of BQ

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BILL OF QUANTITIES

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK

Faculty Of Engineering

KNS 3333 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY


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BILL OF QUANTITIES

What IsBQ?

BQ Format,Description,

Content

BQ in

Engineering

BQPreparation


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Traditional Method (Building Works)

Traditional General Contracting (TGC)

Client engages architect or engineer toprepare design.

Upon completion of design, the QS

prepares a Bill of Quantities based ondrawings and specification.

Contractors are invited to price the bill.

Contractor submitting the lowest tenderusually will be awarded the contract.


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Design

Construction

Sequential

Client engages Architectand Engineers to design

Contractor constructs

TRADITIONAL METHODS

QS prepares BQ & Compiles Tender Document

Tender Exercise


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What Is A Tender ?

A tender or a bid is an offer made by acontractor to do certain work for a price,stated in the form of tender and given

in detail in a priced Bill of Quantities.


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Tender exercise is a process of sending out

drawings and other tender documents to contractorsfor them to prepare a tender price in competitionwith each other and to be submitted at a fixed date.

Tenders submitted are later opened on a set dateand evaluated before the contract can be awardedto the most suitable contractor.

What Is Tender Exercise ?


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What Is BQ?


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What is Bill of Quantities (BQ) ?

A document produced by Quantity Surveyors (QS).


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Who is a Quantity Surveyor?

A person who calculates the quantity ofmaterials needed for constructing

buildings, etc. and how much they will cost.


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Bill of Quantities (BQ)

Translate drawings, schedules and specificationby Architect and Engineers into a documentfully describing and accurately representing

the quantity and quality of the works.

Quantity Quality


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Why produce Bills of Quantities?

BQ enables all Contractors tenderingfor a contract to price exactly

on the same information

Provides a basis for valuation ofvariations or changes to the works

Can be used by the Contractor to assistin ordering of building materials and

for assessing his labour requirements

Provides good basis for cost analysis for useon future contracts in Cost Planning Works,

e.g. approximate estimating and settingcost targets for budgeting purposes.


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BQ Preparation


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4 Stages Of BQ Preparation (Traditional)

Taking Off / Squaring / Abstracting / Billing

Taking OffTaking off is a process of transferring the dimension scaled orread from the drawings to a specially ruled paper called thedimension paper.

SquaringSquaring is a process of getting the total quantity whether innumber, length, area or volume for each set of measurement inthe dimension paper.


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4 Stages Of BQ Preparation (Traditional)

AbstractingAbstracting is a process of transferring the squared dimensionsto the abstract where they are written in a recognised orderunder the appropriate work section headings and subsequentlytotaled and converted to the required units or billing as stated in

the Standard Method of Measurement.

BillingBilling is a process of re-writing all the items including their

quantities taken from the abstract for the whole project, into thebilling papers in a recognised format of a Bill of Quantities.

Taking Off / Squaring / Abstracting / Billing


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BQ Preparation - Development

Taking Off

Working Up

Squaring

AbstractingProcess is verylengthy and tedious

Various ways of simplifying the process have been developed

Bill direct i.e. by transferring the items directly from the dimensionsheet to the bill, eliminating the need for an abstract.

Further methods: cut and shuffle and computers systems were developed.


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BQ Preparation - Development

DRAWINGS DIMENSIONPAPER

BILLINGPAPER

BILL OFQUANTITIES

(BQ)

Taking Off

Measurement of quantities

Squaring

DirectBilling


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BQ Format, Descriptions,Content


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Measured work needs to be arranged in a sequencethat is recognised by the industry and can be easilyunderstood and priced by the contractor

BQ Format

Elemental Bills

Annotated Bills

Trade Bills

Operational BillsMost Common

Activity Bills


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Elemental Bills

BQ Format

Widely used in Malaysia in private consultancy firm andgovernment departments.

BQ can be abstracted easily and quickly, as measurementis already grouped in the elemental format.

Under each element, the order of works generally followstrade or construction sequence.

Terms of element used as per standard classificationspublished by Institution of Surveyors Malaysia (ISM).


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Elemental Bills

1. Piling works2. Work below lowest floor3. Frame4. Upper Floors

5. Roof6. Staircases7. External Walls8. Windows and External Doors

8. Internal Walls and Partitions9. Internal Doors10. Internal Wall Finishes11. Internal Floor Finishes12. Internal Ceiling Finishes

13. External Finishes14. Fittings and Furnishings15. Sanitary Appliances16. Plumbing Installation


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Elemental Bills

17. Refuse Disposal18. Air Conditioning and Ventilation System19. Electrical Installation20. Fire Protection Installation

21. Lift and Conveyor Installation22. Communication Installation23. Specialised Installation24. Profit and Attendance on Services

25. Builders Work in Connection with Services26. Site Work27. Drainage28. External Services29. Ancillary Buildings

30. Recreational Facilities


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Trade Bills

BQ Format

Works measured in trade formats not popular assubsequent preparation of bills of quantities is difficult if theformat is not in trade formats.

Under each type of trade, the works is broken down intovarious items.


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Trade Bills

1. Excavator2. Concretor3. Bricklayer4. Drainlayer

5. Asphalter6. Pavior7. Mason8. Roofer

9. Carpenter10. Joiner11. Steel and Ironworker12. Plasterer13. Plumber

14. Heating and Ventilating Engineer15. Electrician16. Glazier17. Painter


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BQ DescriptionsA good and concise description is essential for proper pricing.

The essential ingredients of a good description are as follows:

Must include all information which estimator will require tobuild up a realistic price;

First few words should indicate clearly nature of works. Order of stating dimensions shall be consistent and

generally in sequence of length, width and height. Where sequence is not appropriate or where ambiguity

could arise, dimensions shall be specifically identified. If an item of work cannot be accurately or fully described,

proper reference shall be made to drawn information orproduct details for construction, manufacture orassembly of work.

Description must be concise and not too lengthy, can beshortened by references to specification.


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BQ ContentBill of quantities must contain the basic information presented

in format that is easily understood

Preliminaries

Explains type and scope of works, clients needs, temporary sitefacilities and other items affecting the implementation of the works.

IItems involved need not be measured but need to be described in

details and the contractor will have to price the items that will affectthe cost of the works in a lump sum figure. Items in this section will

not be incorporated into the works but are essential for thecompletion of the works.

Specifications

Describe the quality of materials and workmanship of the works,

usually not practical to be presented in the drawings; including otherinformation necessary for the contractor to price the BQ.


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BQ ContentMeasured Quantities

Measured quantities are produced from the measurement of all theworks measurable based on the approved Standard Method ofMeasurement document. These quantities shall be measured as

accurately as possible so that no parties will make a loss during theimplementation of works.

Provisional QuantitiesProvisional quantities are produced similarly as above but it is for

works which cannot be accurately measured at the time ofpreparation of bill of quantities. This situation happens due toincomplete information of work or in cases whereby the extent of

work cannot be fully determined until the work is completed. Suchwork will be subjected to remeasurement after the works has been

carried out.


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BQ ContentPrime Cost Sum

Prime cost sum is included for work or services to be executed by anominated sub-contractor, a government or a statutory authority orfor material or goods to be supplied by a nominated supplier. Such

sum excludes the profit and attendance of the main contractor, ofwhich provision are made in the document for such inclusion by the

contractor.

Provisional Sum

Provisional sum is included for work or for costs that cannot beentirely defined or detailed at the time the bill of quantities areprepared.

Contingency Sum

Contingency sum is a sum allocated for any unforeseen work thatcannot be determined at the time of bill of quantities preparation. Itwill be a saving to the client if such contingency sum is not expendeddue to no unforeseen work.


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BQ In Engineering


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Standard Method Of Measurement

(SMM)

Provides a uniform basis for measurement

Act as a standardise reference

Embodies the essentials of a good practice

SMM 2 = SMM for Building Works

CESMM = SMM for Civil Engineering Works


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Malaysian Standard Method Of Measurement

Unnecessary disputes

Loss of productivity

Delays

Ad-hoc, randomuncontrolled practices

Uniform basis,standardise references,

embodies good practices

Efficient

Competitive

Productive

SMM 2CESMM

Non-specificreference


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BQ In Engineering

Rare for a civil engineering project to befully designed and detailed during the pre-tender stage due to its nature.

The most common type of contract used isa remeasurement type.

BQ has a different role in civil engineering:

(a) Basis for comparison of tenders;(b) Provide schedule of rates for

remeasurement;(c) Tool for continued cost monitoring and

financial control.


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BQ In Engineering

Codifications

Method Related Charges

Work Classifications

Main Differences Between CESMM And SMM2

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27917455 BQ and Preparation of BQ

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