SMARTGUARD Naphthenic Acid Corrosion Control Program Improve high-acid crude processing with advanced corrosion management

D o w n s t r e a m C h e m i c a l s

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The Baker Petrolite SMARTGUARD™ naphthenic acid corrosion (NAC) control program addresses the constraints you face in processing high total acid number (TAN) crudes to deliver the right assessment, tailored additives and real-time monitoring to increase your crude TAN levels and ultimately improve your operating margins.

The SMARTGUARD program uses a combination of corrosion inhibitors, detailed unit surveys and monitoring techniques to reduce the impacts of NAC on your refinery operations. This multidisciplinary program provides for effective management of every element in your corrosion control endeavors including:

� Equipment impact assessments to identify high-risk areas for corrosion and damage

� Mitigation strategy development to provide the proper combination of crude blending and corrosion inhibitor usage

� Monitoring program design and implementation to deliver real-time, non-intrusive corrosion measurement in high-risk areas

Our SMARTGUARD program will protect critical refinery equipment from high-temperature corrosion and provide greater feedstock flexibility so you can profit from running a higher percentage of discounted opportunity crudes.

Detailed assessments for targeted treatmentsOur experienced metallurgists and corrosion experts systematically assess your operation to gain a clear understanding of your equipment, materials of construction and performance history, unit operating parameters, feedstock and distillate characteristics, and feedstock supply options. Once a complete risk assessment is made, Baker Hughes can design engineering controls using processing limits, sampling and corrosion measurement, as well as inhibitor treatment, to manage corrosion mitigation and monitoring efforts appropriately.

One of the key features of our assessment is the measurement of specific carboxylic acid number (SCAN). Our proprietary test method directly measures the acid contribution from the naphthenic acids in a hydrocarbon stream, delivering a more accurate predictor of potential NAC than the standard TAN method. Based on the results of the comprehensive corrosion impact assessment, Baker Hughes ensures that the correct amount of inhibitor is delivered safely and effectively to all susceptible areas of the unit.

Specialized formulas for improved protectionBaker Hughes incorporates sulfur into the phosphorous-based inhibitor molecule, resulting in a more effective transport of the inhibiting phosphorous to the metal surface. This efficient use of phosphorous explains why

Acid and sulfur levels for typical TAN crude blend

In general, the areas at greatest risk of corrosion for a typical plant comprising atmospheric and vacuum distillation units are those shown in red. However, because of the interplay of the many factors involved, an individual detailed study is essential for each refinery.

Desalter

Atmosphericcolumn

Vacuumcolumn

Diesel

LVGO

HVGO

VTB

AGO

Crudecharge

Preheatexchangers

Atmosphericheater

TAN SCAN Sulfur

1.75

1.50

1.25

1.00

0.75

0.50

0.25

0.00

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0Crude charge Distillate AGO Reduced crude

Acid

num

ber,

mg

KOH/

g oi

l

Sulfu

r, w

t%

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the SMARTGUARD inhibitor provides equal or superior inhibition to traditional phosphorous-based inhibitors, but with only half the phosphorous.

A pioneer of using low-phosphorous inhibitor formulations to reduce potential downstream phosphorous effects in refineries, Baker Hughes has–for over 20 years–delivered consistent and effective SMARTGUARD corrosion inhibitor technology.

Our corrosion inhibition program has delivered proven benefits in refineries around the world. During the routine shutdown of a unit that had been treated with SMARTGUARD inhibitor for two years, a physical inspection revealed no evidence of NAC, confirming the program’s excellent performance. Because of these superior results, the refiner chose to process additional high TAN crudes with no indication of NAC to date.

Flexible monitoring for effective controlAlong with traditional monitoring methods, our innovative, mobile monitoring provides real-time, non-intrusive measurement of NAC activity in the high-temperature areas of the unit. Real-time measurements allow for rapid responses to process changes and optimized corrosion mitigation efforts.

After assessing current corrosion monitoring practices, Baker Hughes can deliver tailored SMARTGUARD program monitoring protocols that will:

� Assess the effectiveness of the implemented corrosion control measures

� Adjust additive dosage rates if necessary � Establish limits for crude blends and operating conditions

� Provide an early warning of problems or upsets

Using our monitoring framework, Baker Hughes will heighten the awareness of the corrosion dynamics and provide you with the confidence to push crude acidity and processing parameters to their limits.

Improved refinery operations for better marginsOur SMARTGUARD program has consistently helped refiners reduce feedstock costs and improve operating margins. The ability to process higher TAN blends that would not have typically factored into your refinery operations opens up a broader profit opportunity.

In one example, a European refiner employed the SMARTGUARD program to increase the percentage of naphthenic acid crudes in their final blend by as much as 25%, allowing crude blends with TAN levels as high as 0.8 to be processed successfully. Over a two-and-a-half-year period, this refiner realized estimated benefits of $75,000 per day when a discount of $5/bbl for the higher TAN crudes was applied.

Contact your Baker Hughes representative today to find out how our SMARTGUARD program can provide flexibility in your feedstock selection, safely reduce your high naphthenic acid crude-oil processing risks, and increase overall refinery profitability.

Corrosion activity (as measured by hydrogen permeation rates) of both treated and untreated streams at various TAN levels

Untreated - lower TANUntreated - higher TANTreated - higher TAN

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0Preheat train Distillate PA AGO PA AGO FV Reduced crude

Corr

osio

n in

dex

Uppertarget

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SMARTGUARD is a trademark of Baker Hughes Incorporated.

Baker Petrolite Corporation and its affiliates (BPC) disclaim all warranties or representations express or implied, including any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or to the accuracy, correctness or completeness of such information herein or that reliance on such information will accomplish any particular result. All such information is furnished “as is” and by using such information the user is assuming all liabilities for the use or reliance on such information. BPC SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES FROM ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS NEGLIGENCE.

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