Appendix A Points of Contact CIM/CAD/CAM Organizations Manufacturers Adage, Inc. 1 Fortune Dr. Billeria, MA 01821 (617) 667-7070 Applicon, Inc. 32 Second Ave. Burlington, MA 01803 (617) 272-7070 Auto-trol Technology Corp. 12500 N. Washington St. Denver, CO 80233 Avera Corp 200 Technology Cir. Scotts Valley, CA 95066 (408) 438-1401 CADAM, Inc. 1935 N. Buena Vista Burbank, CA 91504 (213) 841-9470 CAD/CAM, Inc. 2844 East River Rd. Dayton, OR 45439 (513) 293-3381 Cadlinc, Inc. 700 Nicholas Blvd. Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 (312) 228-7300 CGX Corp. 42 Nagog Park Alton, MA 01720 Cincinnati Milacron Machine Tool Div. 4701 Marburg Ave. Cincinnati, OR 45209 (513) 841-8100 Computervision Corp. 201 Burlington Rd. Bedford, MA 01730 (617) 275-1800 Control Data Corp. Manufacturing Industry Marketing P.O. Box 0 Minneapolis, MN 55440 (612) 835-8100 285
Transcript
Appendix A
Points of Contact
CIM/CAD/CAM Organizations
Manufacturers
Adage, Inc. 1 Fortune Dr. Billeria, MA 01821 (617) 667-7070
Applicon, Inc. 32 Second Ave. Burlington, MA 01803 (617) 272-7070
Auto-trol Technology Corp. 12500 N. Washington St. Denver, CO 80233
Avera Corp 200 Technology Cir. Scotts Valley, CA 95066 (408) 438-1401
CADAM, Inc. 1935 N. Buena Vista Burbank, CA 91504 (213) 841-9470
CAD/CAM, Inc. 2844 East River Rd. Dayton, OR 45439 (513) 293-3381
Cadlinc, Inc. 700 Nicholas Blvd. Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 (312) 228-7300
Honeywell Visitronics P.O. Box 5077 Englewood, CO 80155 (303) 850-5050
Image Data Systems 315 W. Huron, Suite 140 Ann Arbor, MI48103 (313) 761-7222
Industrial Technology and Machine Intelligence
1 Speen St., Suite 240 Framingham, MA 01701 (617) 620-0184
Points of Contact 295
Industrial Vision Systems, Inc. Key Image Systems Victory Research Park 20100 Plummer St. 452 Chelmsford St. Chatsworth, CA 91311 Lowell, MA 01851 (213) 993-1911 (617) 459-9000
Intelledex Inc. Sunnyvale, CA 94086 33840 Eastgate Circle (408) 737-7960 COIvallis, OR 97333 (503) 758-4700 Machine Vision International
Burlington Center International Imaging Systems 325 Eisenhower 1500 Buckeye Dr. Ann Arbor, MI48104 Milpitas, CA 95035 (313) 996-8033 (408) 262-4444
Mack Corporation
International Robomation/ 3695 East Industrial Dr.
Intelligence P.O. Box 1756
2281 Las Palmas Dr. Flagstaff, AZ 86002
Carlsbad, CA 92008 (602) 526-1120
(619) 438-4424 Micro-Poise
IRT Corp. P.O. Box 88512
3030 Callan Rd. Indianapolis, IN 46208
P.O. Box 85317 (317) 298-5000
San Diego, CA 92138-5317 Nikon Instrument Group (619) 450-4343 623 Stewart Ave.
Itek Optical Systems/Litton Garden City, NY 11530
Industries Object Recognition Systems 10 Maguire Rd. 1101-8 State Rd. Lexington, MA 02173 Princeton, NJ 08540 (617) 276-2000 (609) 924-1667
ITRAN Octek 670 N. Commercial St. 7 Corporate Place p.o. Box 607 South Bedford St. Manchester, NH 03105 Burlington, MA 01803 (603) 669-6332 (617) 273-0851
296 Points of Contact
Opcon 720 80th St. S.W. Everett, WA 98203 (206) 353-0900
National Bureau of Standards Industrial Systems Division Building 220, Room A123 Washington, DC 20234 (301) 921-2381
Naval Research Lab Code 2610 Washington, DC 20375 (202) 767-3984
North Carolina State University Department of Electrical
Engineering Raleigh, NC 27650 (919) 737-2376
Purdue University School of Electrical Engineering West Lafayette, IN 47906 (317) 749-2607
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Center for Manufacturing
Productivity Jonsson Engineering Center Troy, NY 12181 (518) 270-6724
Points of Contact 299
SRI International Artificial Intelligence Center Menlo Park, CA 94025 (425) 497-2797
Stanford University Artificial Intelligence Lab Stanford, CA 94022 (415) 497-2797
U.S. Air Force AFWAL/MLTC Wright Patterson AFB, OR 45437 (513) 255-6976
University of Central Florida IEMS Department Orlando, FL 32816 (305) 275-2236
University of Cincinnati Institute of Applied
Interdisciplinary Research Location 42 Cincinnati, OR 45221 (513) 475-6131
University of Maryland Computer Vision Laboratory College Park, MD 20742 (301) 454-4526
University of Rhode Island Department of Electrical
Engineering Kingston, RI 02881 (401) 792-2187
University of Southern California School of Engineering University Park Los Angeles, CA
300 Points of Contact
University of Texas Austin, TX 78712 (512) 471-1331
University of Washington Department of Electrical
Engineering Seattle, WA 98195 (206) 543-2056
Appendix B
Glossary
ASSEMBLY ROBOT: A robot designed, programmed, or dedicated to putting together parts into subassemblies or complete products.
AUTOMATED STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM-AS/RS: A high density rack storage system with rail running vehicles serving the rack structure for automatic loading and unloading of material.
AUTOMATION: The theory, art, or technique of making a process automatic, self-moving or self-controlling.
BATCH: A group of work pieces processed at one time.
BATCH MANUFACTURING: The production of parts in discrete runs or batches, interspersed with other production operations or runs of other parts.
BUFFER: A temporary holding area. In an automated cell or workstation, a buffer area might be used to store incoming semi-finished metal until the machine tools are ready to process them, or to store finished parts until the materials handling system is ready to fetch them. In a computer, a buffer is an area of memory set aside to hold data prior to being moved from one part of the system to another.
BURN-IN: A product test where all components are operated continuously for an extended period of time to eliminate early failures.
CELL: A manufacturing unit consisting of two or more workstations with the material handling systems, storage buffers, and other items necessary to connect them.
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU): Mainframe, or, more specifically, the central processor of a computer system, containing the arithmetic
301
302 Glossary
unit and logic. (In a microcomputer, the CPU is often on a single chip called a microprocessor.)
COLLET: A split cylindrical sleeve that holds a tool or workpiece on the drive shaft of a lathe or other machine.
COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (CAD): The use of a computer and computer graphics in the design of parts, products, etc. Some advanced CAD systems not only produce three-dimensional views of intricate parts, but also allow the designer to "test" a simulated part under different stresses, loads, and so forth.
COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING (CAM): The use of computers in the management, control, and operation of a manufacturing plant.
COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING (CIM): The concept of a totally automated factory in which all manufacturing processes are integrated and controlled by computer. CIM enables production planners and schedulers, shop-floor foremen, and accountants to use the same database as product designers and engineers.
COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL (CNC): A technique in which a machine tool control uses a minicomputer to store numerical control instructions generated earlier by CAD/CAM for controlling the machine.
CONTROLLER: A computer, or group of computers, used to control a machine tool, robot, or similar device or group of devices. They may be arranged in a hierarchy so that, for example, a workstation controller may issue "commands" to a robot controller or machine tool controller.
COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINE (CMM): A machine for measuring the shape and dimensions of small, solid objects, particularly objects with a complex shape. Usually it has a small probe which is touched against or traced around the surface of the object to be measured. The machine reports the position of the tip of the probe from point to point in three-dimensional coordinates. The dimensions of the object can then be calculated from these coordinates. The entire operation can be automated.
DIRECT NUMERICAL CONTROL (DNC): The use of a shared computer to distribute part program data by way of data lines to remote machine tools.
DIRTY POWER: Vague term used to describe electric power that is sufficiently adulterated with harmonic distortion and other impurities to cause electricity using machinery to operate less than optimally.
Glossary 303
DISCRETE PART or BATCH MANUFACTIJRING: A manufacturing process that produces discrete parts (as opposed to continuous-process industries, such as oil refining or paper making) in comparatively small lots, or batches, of from 1 to perhaps 50,000.
ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING: The workpiece is precisely eroded or cut by electric pulses jumping between an electrode and the workpiece in the presence of a dielectric fluid.
EMULATION: In computer science, a program which allows one machine to execute instructions meant for a different machine, as opposed to a simulation which merely allows the first machine to act like a second machine.
END EFFECTOR: A tool or gripping mechanism attached to the "wrist" of a robot to accomplish some task. While gripping mechanisms can be thought of as robotic "hands," end effectors also include singlepurpose attachments such as paint guns, drills, and arc-welders.
FIXTIJRE: A device which holds a workpiece in position in a machine tool for machining. The workpiece must be held in a precise position, with no room for slippage, so if the shape is at all complex, a special fixture is usually built to hold the piece. One challenge in the automation of small-batch manufacturing is the development of flexible fixturing systems that can adapt to a wide variety of differently sized and shaped workpieces.
FLEXIBLE: Of manufacturing systems or facilities: easily adapted to produce new products; easily redirected or reprogrammed.
FLEXIBLE AUTOMATION: Refers to the multi-task capability of robots; mUlti-purpose, adaptable, reprogrammable.
FLEXIBLE MACHINING CENTER (FMC): Usually a multi-robot system that comprises CNC turning or grinding machines with robots loading and unloading parts that are conveyed into and through the system.
FLEXIBLE MANUFACTIJRING SYSTEM (FMS): A group ofNC machine tools that can randomly process a group of parts having different process sequences and process cycles using automated material handling and central computer control to dynamically balance resource utilization so that the system can adapt automatically to changes in part production mixes and levels of output.
HARMONIC DISTORTION: Nonlinear distortion of a system or transducer characterized by the appearance in the output of harmonics other than the fundamental component when the input wave is sinusoidal.
304 Glossa~
HORIZONTAL MACHINING CENTER: The horizontal machining center is primarily for working on cube-shaped parts. Using a cutting tool rotating on a horizontal axis, it can drill holes, mill out pockets, cut grooves, or plane metal from a surface.
HIERARCHICAL CONTROL SYSTEM: A computer control scheme in which the data processing and computation necessary to accomplish a task is split into discrete levels, with the outputs of higher levels being used as input commands for lower levels, and lower levels furnishing status reports as data for higher levels. Each level in the hierarchy accepts tasks from the level above it and splits those tasks into subtasks that are parceled out to the levels below it.
INTERFACE: Literally, a shared boundary. An interface between two computer systems, such as intelligent machine controllers, involves a method for passing commands, responses, and data from one system to another. When the two computers are not inherently compatible, the interface becomes a "translator" between the two systems. An interface can also have a physical component-the proper set of connectors, voltage levels, and so forth necessary to hook two systems together. The common three-prong electrical plug is an example of a standardized interface used in residential electric power systems.
LOAD CYCLE TIME: Time in manufacturing process required for unloading the last workpiece and loading the next one.
LOAD FACTOR: The ratio of the average load over a designated period of time to the peak load occurring in that period.
LOT: Batch or group of workpieces processed at one time.
MACHINING CENTER: A machine capable of performing a variety of metal removal operations on a part, usually under numerical control.
MICROPROCESSOR: A basic element of a central processing unit that is a single integrated circuit. A microprocessor requires additional circuits to become a suitable central processing unit.
MILLING MACHINE: Milling machines use tools such as drills and routers which rotate and have a cutting edge on their periphery. Originally, the term "milling" implied that the rotating tool is held stationary and the workpiece is moved against it to effect the cutting or routing. In many modern milling machines, the tool can also move in and out along one or more axes.
MINICOMPUTER: A class of computer in which the basic element of the central processing unit is constructed of a number of discrete
Glossary 305
components and integrated circuits rather than being comprised of a single integrated circuit, as in the microprocessor.
NON-SERVO ROBOT: A robot that can be programmed by its motions only to the end points of each of its axes of motion.
NUMERICAL CONTROL (NC): A technique for the control of machine tools or factory processes in which information on the desired actions of the system is prerecorded in numerical form and used to control the operation automatically.
OPERATING SYSTEM: A more or less general-purpose computer program which controls the execution ofthe specific "applications" programs run on a computer. An operating system provides the critical interface between the computer hardware and the humans that use it, handling things like program scheduling, the "input" and "output" of data, detecting and diagnosing errors in the performance of application programs, and other housekeeping chores.
PAYLOAD: Maximum weight carried at normal speed-also called workload.
POWER FACTOR: The ratio of total watts to the total root-mean-square (RMS) volt-amperes.
PROCESS PLANNING: SpecifYing the sequence of production steps from start to finish, and describing the state of the workpiece at each workstation. Recently CAM capabilities have been applied to the task of preparing process plans for the fabrication or assembly of parts.
REAL TIME: Refers to tasks or functions executed so rapidly by a CAD/CAM system that the feedback at various stages in the process can be used to guide the user completing the task.
ROBOT: A reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices, through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.
SENSOR: A "transducer" which takes in information about the physical state of things and converts it to an electrical signal that can be processed by a control system. Sensors can be simple, such as a temperature monitor on a machine tool, or highly complex, such as a machine vision system. Other sensors monitor things like torque on a robot wrist, the pressure exerted by robot grippers, or the vibrations in a workpiece being machined.
306 Glossary
TURNING CENTER: A lathe, that is, a machine in which the piece being worked rotates on an axis so that tools can work on it. When a lathe becomes sufficiently "intelligent," with the addition of programmable numerical controls, it becomes a "turning center."
VERTICAL MACHINING CENTER: The vertical machining center is similar to the horizontal machining center in that it consists of a robot and a milling machine working together. The vertical machine center differs in that the cutting tool rotates on a vertical axis and can only be moved vertically (Y axis). It can drill or cut only on the top surface of the workpiece.
WORK ENVELOPE: The set of points representing the maximum extent or reach of the robot hand or working tool in all directions.
WORKPIECE: The piece of metal which is being worked.
WORKSTATION: A manufacturing unit generally consisting of one numerical control machine tool or measuring machine, usually tended by a robot.
Appendix C
Bibliography
Books
Ballard, D.H. and C.M. Brown. Computer Vision. NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1982. Baranson, Jack. Automated Manufacturing: The Key to International
Competitiveness-and Mly the United States Is Falling Behind. Washington, D.C.: Developing World Industry & Technology, 1983.
Baxes, G.A. Digital Image Processing. NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1984. Brown, Robert Goodell. Materials Management Systems. NY: John Wiley
& Sons, 1977. Considine, Douglas M. Standard Handbook of Industrial Automation. NY:
Chapman & Hall, 1986. Dart; Richard C. Robotics and Automated Manufacturing. Reston, VA:
Reston Publishing Company, 1983. Engelberger, J.F. Robotics in Practice. Amacom Division of American
Management Associations, 1980. Gomersall, A. Machine Intelligence: An International Bibliography with
Abstracts on Sensors in Automated Manufacturing. Springer-verlag, 1984.
Harrington, Joseph, Jr. Computer Integrated Manufacturing. Huntington, NY: Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, 1979.
Hollingum, J. Machine Vision: The Eyes of Automation. Springer-verlag, 1984.
HOID, Berthold Klaus Paul. Robot Vision. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986. Hunt, V. Daniel. Industrial Robotics Handbook NY: Industrial Press, 1983. ---. Smart Robots. NY: Chapman and Hall, 1985. ---. Artificial Intelligence and E?qJert Systems Sourcebook NY: Chap-
man and Hall, 1986. ---. Robotics Sourcebook NY: Elsevier, 1987. ---. Mechatronics-Japan's Newest Threat. NY: Chapman and Hall,
1987.
307
308 Bibliography
---. Dictionary of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. NY: Elsevier, 1987.
Lambert, Douglas M. The Development of an Inventory Costing Methdology: A Study of the Costs Associated with Holding Inventory. Chicago: National Council of Physical Distribution Management, 1975.
Lester, Ronald H., Enrick, Norbert L., Mottley, Jr., Harry E. Quality Control for Profit. NY: Industrial Press, 1977.
Makridakis, Spyros, and Wheelright, Steven C. Forecasting-Methods and Applications. NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1978.
Minsky, MalVin. Robotics. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1985.
Orlicky, Joseph. Material Requirements Planning. NY: McGraw-Hill, 1975. Plossl, George W. Manufacturing Control-The Last Frontier for Profts.
Reston, VA: Reston Publishing Company, 1973. Plossl, George W., and Welch, W. Evert. The Role of Top Management in
the Control of Inventory. Reston, VA: Reston Publishing Company, 1979.
Smith, Bernard T. Focus Forecasting-Computer Techniques for Inventory Control. Boston: CBI Publishing Company, 1978.
Susnjara, Ken. "A Manager's Guide to Industrial Robots," Corinthian Press, 1982.
Wight, Oliver. Production and Inventory Management in the Computer Age. Boston: Cahners Books International, 1974.
Reports
Aron, Paul H. The Robot Scene in Japan: An Update. September 7, 1983, pp.40-42.
Competitive Assessment of the U.S. Metalworking Machine Tool Industry. Washington, D.C.: United States International Industry. Washington, D.C.: United States International Trade Commission, September 1983.
Competitive Position of u.s. Producers of Robotics in Domestic and World Markets. Washington, D.C.: United States International Trade Commission, December 1984.
Computerized Manufacturing Automation: Employment, Education, and the Workplace. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, April 1984.
Conigliaro, Laura and Christine Chien. "CIM Newsletter." Prudential Bache Securities.
Bibliography 309
Country Market Survey: Machine Tools-United Kingdom. CMS 79-11: Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, September 11, 1979, p. 4.
Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration. "A Competitive Assessment of the U.S. Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Systems Industry." February 1987.
---. "A Competitive Assessment of the U.S. Flexible Manufacturing Systems Industry." July 1985.
---. "A Competitive Assessment of the U.S. Robotics Industry." March 1987.
Department of Commerce, Office of Industry Assessment, Industry Analysis Division. "A Competitive Assessment of the U.S. Manufacturing Automation Equipment Industries." U.S. Department of Commerce technical publication, June 1984.
Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. "An Analysis of the Robotics Industry." 1983. Fisk, J.D. "Industrial Robots in the United States: Issues and Perspectives."
Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress, Report No. 81-78 E, March 3D, 1981.
Flel(ible Manufacturing System Handbook, volumes 1-4. Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, Mass., February 1983.
"Flexible Manufacturing Systems-State of the Art and Trends in Their Diffusion." Economic Commission for Europe, Working Party on Engineering Industries and Automation, July 1984.
Flel(ible MFG System-Based Factory Automation in Japan. Tokyo, Japan: Yano Research Institute Ltd., December 1983.
Foreign Industrial Targeting and its Effects on U.S. Industries phase I: Japan. Washington, D.C.: United States International Trade Commission, October 1983.
Gevarter, William B. "An Overview of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics: Volume 2-Robotics." U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, March 1982.
---. "An Overview of Computer Vision," U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, September 1982.
"Industrial Robots-Forecasts and Trends." Delphi Study, 2nd ed., Society of Manufacturing Engineers/The University of Michigan, 1985.
Industrial Robots: Their Role in Manufacturing Industry. Paris, France: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1983.
Industrial Targeting-Foreign Industrial Targeting Practices and Possible U.S. Responses. A Report to the President from the Presidents Export Council, December 1984.
Machine Tools & Accessories Market in Far East. Frost & Sullivan Inc., March 1981, p. 104.
310 Bibliography
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). "U.S. Manufacturers Five-Year Industrial Automation Plans for Automation Machinery and Plant Communication Systems." March 15, 1985.
National Research Council. The u.s. Machine Tool Industry and the Defense Industrial Base. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1983.
U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. "Computerized Manufacturing Automation: Employment, Education, and the Workplace." U.S. Government Printing Office, OTA-CIT -235, April 1984.
Directories
CAD/CAM, D\E: Survey, Review and Buyers Guide.
DARATECH, Inc. Cambridge, MA 02138
CAD/CAM; Robotics; and Industrial Sensor; Industry Directory.
Techical Database Corporation Conroe, TX
Periodicals
Assembly Engineering Hitchcock Publishing Company New York, NY
Automation News The Newspaper for Factory
Automation Grant Publications, Inc. New York, NY
CIM CADLINC Inc. Elk Grove Village, IL
Electronic Imaging Morgan-Grampian Publishing Co. Berkshire Common Pittsfield, MA 01201 (413) 499-2550
Industrial Robots. Society of Manufacturing
Engineers Marketing SeIVices Division One SME Drive P.O. Box 930 Dearborn, MI 48128
Image and Vision Computing ButteIWorth Scientific Ltd. P.O. Box 63 Westbury House, Bury St. Guildford, Surrey GUl 5BH United Kingdom
Industrial Robots International 158 Linwood Plaza P.O. Box 13304 Fort Lee, NJ 07024
Le nouvel Automatisme 41 rue de la Grange-aux Belles 75483 Paris Cedex 10 France
Managing Automation Thomas Publishing Company New York, NY
Manufacturing Engineering Society of Manufacturing Engineers Dearborn, Michigan
Manufacturing Technology Horizons Tech Tran Corporation 134 N. Washington Street Naperville, IL 60540 (312) 369-9232
Material Handling Engineering Penton/IPC Cleveland, OH
Photonics Spectra Optical Publishing Co. P.O. Box 1146 Berkshire Common Pittsfield, MA 01202
Production Engineering Penton/IPC Cleveland, OH
Robomatics Reporter EIC/Intelligence 38 W. 38th Street New York, NY 10018
Robot Insider Fairchild Publications 7 E. 12th Street New York, NY 10003
Robot News International IFS (Publications) Ltd. 35-39 High Street Kempston, Bedford MK42 7BT England
Robot/X News Robotics Publications P.O. Box 450 Mansfield, MA 02048
Bibliography 311
Robotech Japan Topika Inc. Nagatani Bldg. 7-17-4, Ginza Chuko-ku, Tokyo 104 Japan
Robotics Age P.O. Box 725 La Canada, CA 91011
Robotics Technology Abstracts Tech Tran Corporation 134 N. Washington Street Naperville, IL 60540 (312) 369-9232
Robotics Technology Abstracts Cranfield Press Management Library Cranfield Institute of Technology Cranfield Bedford MK43 OAL United Kingdom
Robotics Today Society of Manufacturing Engineers One SME Drive P.O. Box 930 Dearborn, MI 48128
Robotics World Communication Channels 6255 Barfield Road Atlanta, GA 30328
Sensors North American Technology 174 Concord Street Peterborough, NH 03458 (603) 924-7261
The Industrial Robot IFS (Publications) Ltd. 35-39 High Street Kempston, Bedford MK42 7BT England
312 Bibliography
The International Journal of Robotics Research
The MIT Press 28 Carleton Street Cambridge, MA 02142
The Robotics Report Washington National News Reports Suite 400 7620 Little River Turnpike Annandale, VA 22003
Vision Society of Manufacturing Engineers One SME Drive P.O. Box 930 Dearborn, MI48128 (313) 271-1500
Automated Guided Vehicle System Artificial Intelligence Automated Material Handling Advanced Manufacturing Technology Automatically Programmed Tools Automated Storage and Retrieval System Bill Of Materials Computer-Aided Design Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing Computer-Aided Design and Drafting Computer-Aided Engineering Computer-Aided Manufacturing Computer-Aided Process Planning Charge Coupled Device Charge Injection Device Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Computer Numeric Control Cathode Ray Tube Data Definition Language Data Driven Management Information System Decision Support System Direct Numerical Control Expert System or Electrical Schematic Equivalent Annual Worth Extended Control and Simulation Language Flexible Manufacturing Cell, Flexible Manufacturing
Flexible Manufacturing System Group Technology Investment Analysis Program Integrated Circuit ICAM Definition Method, Version Zero ICAM Definition Support System Initial Graphics Exchange Specification Input/Output International Standards Organization Local Area Network Local Area Network to Wide Area Network
Communications Liquid Crystal Display Light Emitting Diode Manufacturing Automation Protocol Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return Material Handling System Management Information System Material Requirements Planning Manufacturing Resource Planning System Mean Time Between Failures Mean Time to Repair Methodology for Unmanned Manufacturing Numerical Control Net Present Value Net Present Worth Open System Interconnection Personal Computer, Program Counter, or Programmable
Controller Programmable Device Quality Assurance Quality Control Random Access Memory Remote Center Compliance Request for Proposal Read Only Memory Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm Society of Manufacturing Engineers Tool Center Point Technical and Office Protocols Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit Vertical Turret Lathes Wide Area Network
