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See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/43480638
Designing interpretive signs: Principles inpractice
ARTICLE
Source: OAI
CITATIONS
13
READS
138
3 AUTHORS:
Gianna Moscardo
James Cook University
116PUBLICATIONS 1,763CITATIONS
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Roy Ballantyne
University of Queensland
109PUBLICATIONS 2,101CITATIONS
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Karen Hughes
University of Queensland
29PUBLICATIONS 535CITATIONS
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Available from: Roy Ballantyne
Retrieved on: 25 January 2016
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Karen_Hughes3?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_4https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Karen_Hughes3?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_4https://www.researchgate.net/institution/James_Cook_University?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gianna_Moscardo?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_5https://www.researchgate.net/institution/University_of_Queensland?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roy_Ballantyne?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_5https://www.researchgate.net/?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_1https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Karen_Hughes3?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_7https://www.researchgate.net/institution/University_of_Queensland?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Karen_Hughes3?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_5https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Karen_Hughes3?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_4https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roy_Ballantyne?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_7https://www.researchgate.net/institution/University_of_Queensland?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roy_Ballantyne?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_5https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roy_Ballantyne?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_4https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gianna_Moscardo?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_7https://www.researchgate.net/institution/James_Cook_University?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gianna_Moscardo?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_5https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gianna_Moscardo?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_4https://www.researchgate.net/?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_1https://www.researchgate.net/publication/43480638_Designing_interpretive_signs_Principles_in_practice?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_3https://www.researchgate.net/publication/43480638_Designing_interpretive_signs_Principles_in_practice?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_27/26/2019 2943 Moscardo 2007 Back Pages
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A
Abstract st ructure, 79
Acccm lighting, 34
Ac.cess ibi lit y
American with Disabilities Act
anci,91
he\l
Tin
g im p:.1
irllWn r
~ m d
94--95
improving, to signs and
ex hi bilS , 91-97
removal of phys ical barriers
.nd, 91-92
vis ion im
pairment
and, 52
Action, 52- 53
Active sentences, 62
Act vc verbs, 63
AJ"l-'lC:l li
ull
lO lig illi llg, )-1
Ado lescents, 110
)\duit IHenley, tests of. 55-56
Age, ~ l i n s LO
d iff
ere
nt g r
oups,
104--10
"Aha" moment, 69-72
Ambience of your illlerpre live
fac
ilit
y 33
Ambiguous statements in ti tles, 48
American with Disabilities Act
l990)
,
9l.
Analogies, 17-18, 36-38,
72
everyday, for biological
cU l
u.:e
p ls,
19
Ana
logous colors,
51
Anecdotes, 65, 116
Aparthe id ,
usi
ng hO I i
nter
p
re
t
a
tion to present informati on
about, 84
Aquariums, 3
An
cl ip, 77
interpreting,
89-91
line, 77
Art ga
lleries, 1,
3,86,89,90
Artifacts, everyday, 86
Ani 'H-ilJ-It: :IiLit:m:t:
progra
m ,
90
AS) 'lllmetry,
49-50
Allemion
ef>Ttlng visitors , 27 - 38
me thods
of
auracling, 35
AUention
spa
n , 112-13
Attrac Ung power,
117
Aud ience. Sec
s
Visi tors
appealing to mature , 96-97
i
dentify
ing, 14 16
interpretation
in demonstrati
ng
understa nd ing of,
and
respect for.
11-
12
making
personal
connec
t
ion
wil h ,
5-7
Audio presenta tions, 93
Audiotaped sto ries, 86
Aud io tour, 23
Aud iovisua l
di
sp lays , 86-87
B
acJ.:::ground in fo rmaLi on, 90
Da
l
ancc
formal, 49
in for ma l,49-50
;
ik ing
. 1Q_40
of visual we igh t,
48
Best-practice signage
inte rpre tive,
121
placement,
89
Biological con
cepts
, everyday
analogies for , 19
Boardwal ks,
14,23,31,
B7
130dy-ldnesthet
iC
intelligence,
106
Body text, size of, 40
OVl
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136
D
Decorative typefaces , 42
Diagrams, 77, 95
Dialogue, 65
Diffu
5C
li
gh
ti
ng,
34
Discovery holes, ) 11
Dramat iza tions, 95
E
Ear ly primary, 108-9
Eastern Lake Ontario Sand Dune
und
Wctlu nd Ar
cfI,
cnsc
study of, 79
Ecosystems, 79
Editing, 18
El eva tors, 9 1
Emorions, co
lor and,
50
Emotive appr
oac
h, 83-84
Lnteftainmc.nt in inle.rpn.:.t ivc
settings, 8
EROT principles, 5
Evaluation , 11 5-2 0 .
See also
Research; Surveys
l
or
mative, 116-1 8
fron t-end , 115, 11 6
II I.:t:U
fU I,
1 1:;
sU
lTImativc,
115,
11 8-20
sys tematic. 115
Everyday nni fac ts, 86
Everyday items, 86
Exa mpl
es
,
use
of, in
th
emes. 48
Exhibits.
See
also
In ter pretive
signs anct exhibits
computer, 109
evaluation of, 22-25
imp roving access to. 91
-97
im
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Interpretation,
co
ll timlC:d
in
t r n l i
u n
dc
r ::;t
an d
ing of, and respect for
audi
ence,
11 -
12
in engagi ng vis itors in it.'a rning
experiencc, 10-11
intended audience, 5-7
making personal conn ec tion
with , 5-7
organiz
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138
Organiza
ti
on , 40
O rienta tio n 51gns , 1-3
Outdoor in :e
rp
rC
l
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Stnlcture, continued
of exhib its, 109, 122
of
text, 40, 62 , 95
of
walks, 87, 88
Smd1ers,9
Subheadings, 9 102
Subthemes,
]9
choo ing be t tool for
job,
19-21
Summative evaluation,
115 ,
118-20
Sun light, 34
Surprise , 31
Surveys.
ee
t/so Evalua tion;
Research
exit,
120
frontend evalua li
on
using, 14
mh
ouse,7l
of
visitors, 15, 22
Symmetry,
49
Sy:HCl11alic
cvaluat ion , ] l 5
T
T;tc:
ti le.
gr:l phkc; , c)2-c)1
Takehome messages , LO 5 1
Text, 79
amount
of, 48
breaking up, 44-47
layering of, 9, 12,69,
74-77,
104, 122
selecting effect ive, 60-62
spacing of, 41-42
stnl cture
of
40 62,
95
Thcmcs, 19
choosing best tool f
or
job, 19-21
in connecting dots, 72-74
defined, 16
developing appropriate, 10
devel
oping
prior
to selecting
illustrations, 79
examples
of
erfect ive interpre-
tative , 17
in
terp reta
ti
on
basing on,
9-10
selection 01
87-88
turning one
LOpic
il1lo several
interpre
ti
ve , 18
INDEX
Themes, co t ued
turning your objec
ti
ves in to,
16 -
18
use of examples in ,
48
Three-dimensional features in
setting off titles, 36
Three-cl imensionalmodels , 52
Titles, 9, 35-38
ambiguous statemenlS in, 48
humor in, 48
le ngt.h of
3fi. 4R
making catchier, 37
questions in,
48
three-dimensional fea tures in
setting off, 36
type si
ze
for, 36
Tone,
color
in
selling, 50-51
Tourist attractions,
1
T
ra
fric fl ow 100
optimizing, 32
problems o
f
119
Trails
ch ildren's,
within
regular
exhibi ts , 11 _n
in terpretative signs along, 3
interpretive,
3, 88-89, 112
signs for 22, 32
Transitional style, 43
Transitional type faces,
42
T r i a ~ a n d e T o r
format, 117
Typelaces, 40, 42- 43
categories of, 42-43
U
Unexpected provocative statements,
36-38
V
Varied experiences, providing, 7-8
Variety,
47-48
color in adding, 50
Verbs, 62
us
i
ng
ac
ti
ve vivid, 62
Virtual reality exhibits , 86-87
Vision impairment , 52
Visitor centers, L 2, 3, 15, 23, 115
139
Visitors. ee
also
Audience
allowing choice in
i
nt
erpreta-
tion, 10-11
a
rOUSing emo tions or, 83-86
books of 120
direc ti ng, 66
experiences
of, 3
4 5 6 8
10,13,17,20,21,22,32,
36,53,64,67,71,
84
exp lori ng
perceptions of, 120
now of , 2
1R
gelling attention of. 27-38
identirying management issues,
14
keeping atlenltOn of , 39
locating signs
wi
thin
line
of
vision, 28-29
number 01 32
popularity of signs with , 22- 23
surveys of, 15,
22
le:chniqu es
to
fOSler
learning,
69-8
1
usage pa tterns
of, 119
Visu>I]
cues,
9S
Visual harmony, creating, 48 -
50
Visual symmetry, 49
W
\OVar memorials,
86
War museums ,
83-84
Warning signs, 2-3
categories
of, 1
Wear and
tear,
examining pallerns
uf, [U t :::.ig lJ
p laCt
JlIt::lJt ,
28
Whi te space, 48
Wildlife parks, 3, 1
5,23
Wildli fe viewi ng, p r t ~ l i o n
signs for 23
Witticisms, 37
Words
number
of,
on
signs, 43-44
power
of
written,
55-60
Working
memory, 96
z
Zoos, 3, 69, 103