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2G & 3G spectrum
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2G Spectrum
2G means Second-Generation wireless telephone technology.
2G spectrum was the revolutionary technology in their time. It
comes with some more benefits.
1. SMS facility was first started with network.
2. Safe for the use , means security level was high.3. Environmental conditions was very good for this network &
no network shortage was there.
2G Spectrum technology was first launched in 1991 in Finland
only in the GSM mobile.
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2G Spectrum scandal
12/26/2013
The 2G spectrum scan involved official and minister in the
government of India illegally under charging mobile telephony company
for frequency allocation licenses.
one of the main person behind the Indias largest corporate
fraud. Who is A. Raja . Is an Indian politician from the political party he become cabinet minister for communication and information
technology.
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Charges on former telecom
minister A Raja
12/26/2013
Cheap telecom licenses.
Entry fee for spectrum licenses in 2008 pegged at 2001 prices
mobile subscriber base had shot up to 350 million in 2008 from 4
million in 2001.
No procedures followed.
rules changes after the game gad begun.
Cut-off date for applications advanced by week.
License issued on a first come first served basis.
No proper auction process followed, no bids invited. Raja ignored advice of TRAI, law ministry, finance ministry.
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Persons/corporate involved in
2G spectrum scam
12/26/2013
Persons
Nira Radia.
M.Karunaidhi.
A Raja (Telecom minister). Arun Jaitley
Barkha dutt (Journalist)
Arun Shourie
Pramod Mahajan.
Corporate
Videocon telecommunications ltd.
Reliance communications. Tata communications.
Vodafone Essar.
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Steps taken by Government
after scam
Set up a special branch of CBI to look into the matter.
Telecom minister resigns his post after scan.
A Raja also arrested by the police. CBI is also interacting with brothers of A Raja and also business men.
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3G Spectrum
The Third Generation of Telecommunication hardware standards andgeneral technology for mobile networking, superseding 2.5G
3G networks enable network operators to offer users services like wide-area wireless voice telephone, video calls, and broadband wireless data,
all in a mobile environment
Provides data rates up to 14.4 Mbps on the downlink and 5.8 Mbps onthe uplink.
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Objectives
Higher spectral efficiency and overall cost improvement by utilizing
advanced technologies
Achieving significantly higher transmission speed capability,
encompassing circuit- and packet-switched networks as well as
support of multimedia services.
12/26/2013
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Why 3G?
Limitations of 2G
Voice centric Designed mainly for telephony application
Circuit-switched
High BER (Bit Error Rate) Low data bit rate (< 14.4kbps)
Too many standards globally GSM, CDMA, PDC, PHS etc.
Isolated networks MAP based
IS-41 based
Difficult to roam between these networks
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Features of 3G
Higher bandwidth enables a range of new applications!
For the consumer
Video streaming, TV broadcast
Video calls, video clips
news, music, sports
Enhanced gaming, chat, location services
For business
High speed teleworking / VPN access
Sales force automation Video conferencing
Real-time financial information
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Challenges of 3G
UMTS is a multi-service network, GSM experience is not enough.
UMTS is an immature network technology, Continuous change is a fact.
Up gradation from 2G network.
Monitoring peer-to-peer.
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Issues related to 3G
Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses & agreements
Lack of member state support for financially troubled operators
Expense of 3G phones
Lack of coverage, because it is still a new service
Current lack of user need for 3G voice and data services in a hand-helddevice
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44G Spectrum
Abbreviation of fourth generation wireless technology.
It will provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and
multimedia can be given to user on anytime, anywhere basis
It includes several type of broadband wireless communication
system access including cellular telephone system.
It will provide seamless mobility and internet access at a rate of
100 Mbps.
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Features of 4G technology
High internet speed.
Tight network security.
Support for previous wireless technologies.
Support for multimedia service like teleconferencing and wirelessinternet.
Entirely packet switched network.
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Application
In traffic control
Location application.
Telemedicine.
In crisis management application.
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