2II60 Technology of Information Systems Course 2009

Technology of information systems

2II60

Technology of Information Systems

Course 2009

Architecture of Information Systems GroupDepartment of Computer Science

K.M. van Hee


Goals of the course

• Learn how modern information systems are built out of components.

• Learn what type of components there are.

• Learn what techniques there are to select, configure and integrate these components.

• Build up some experience with these techniques

• Learn how industrial / commercial components work


Contents

1. Component-based IS………………..........(KvH)

2. Exercise……………………………………..(zelf)

3. Architecture...............................................(KvH)

4. Web technology (1).……………..….……..(KvH)

5. IBM websphere……………........(Maurits Andre)

6. Web technology (2)...................................(KvH)

7. Process management................................(KvH)


Contents

8. Process Management: BPE.….(Eric Verbeek)

9. IBM websphere: vragenuur….(Maurits Andre)

10.Datamanagement...................................(KvH)

11.Data warehousing…………….(Toon Calders)

12.Rule management..................................(KvH)

13.Rule management in ILOG……(Wim Nuijten)

14.ERP packages………………(Jeroen Panken)

15.Student presentations


Examination

• Students give a presentation of a part of the course material.

• Students do a project in which they build an information system with components. They produce a concise report and they give a demonstration (individual or in pairs)

• Students do a multiple choice test that covers the concepts treated in the course.


Lecture 1

Component-based Information Systems


Contents

• Enterprises

• Functions of information systems

• The component-based world

• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems


Enterprises (1)

An enterprise is a system or organization that is

producing (physical) products or services for clients

by executing business process and using resources.


Enterprises (2)

• Typical types of resources are:– Buildings– Money– Energy– Equipment (vehicles, machines)– People – Knowledge (e.g. recipes, market information)– Information systems– Supplies (e.g. raw materials or components)

• Resources are durable or consumable (classify them yourself)


Enterprises (3)

Classification of business processes

• The business processes (BP) are essential: they are needed to make the products or services. We distinguish three types of BP’s:

• Primary BP’s: they produce the products and services using the resources: they are directly related to the production orders.

• Secondary BP’s: they enable the primary BP’s by providing and maintaining the resources and by controlling relationships with customers and suppliers.

• Tertiary BP’s: they take care of the control of the enterprise as a whole and of the coordination of the primary and secondary BP’s


Enterprises (4)

• An enterprise obtains (buys, rents) the resources from suppliers. Suppliers are enterprises themselves.

• The stakeholders of an enterprise are people or organizations that have some interest (stake) in the enterprise.

• Main stakeholders are:– Shareholders who own the enterprise– Employees who work as human resources for the enterprise– Clients who buy products or services– Suppliers who sell raw materials or components – Government (departments for tax, environment, economical

affairs etc)


Functions of information systems(1)

Information Systems (IS) support an enterprise by

• Monitoring of business processes:• Planning of business processes:

– Decisions are made about resource assignment and scheduling of activities

• Execution of business processes:– Is in fact a business transaction

• Support of employees:– With cooperation

– With knowledge sharing


Functions of information systems(2)

How?• Monitoring

– registration of states of objects and events with a database management system (DBMS)

– generation of management information, Online analytical processing (OLAP) with a data warehouse system

• Planning– evaluation of human made decisions (Decision support systems)– generating decisions automatically (Planning systems)

• Execution– online transition processing (OLTP)

• Support– groupware systems (virtual meetings, project administration)– knowledge management systems and expert systems


IS vs ES

• IS support business processes inside an enterprise.• They are also called: Enterprise Information Systems • Between two or more enterprises (also called:

e-Business Systems or Interorganizational Information Systems)

• Embedded systems (ES) support a physical device • ES have more simple data structures• ES have stronger time and resource constraints

despite the differences, most methods apply to both type of systems


Component-based world (1)

• Components deliver services to their clients: sell side

• So components have a role as service provider

• Components often use services offered by other components

softwareinterface

componentmonitorinterface

configurationinterface

human interface

So components have the role of service consumer: buy side

Systems are networks of cooperating components

Components may reside anywhere

SynonymsCapsulesModulesPackagesClassesAgents



• Components are specified and recognized by their function and their interface:

interface = protocol + datatypes

softwareinterface

componentmonitorinterface

configurationinterface

human interface


Component based world (3)

e.g.: a telco operator is built of about 20 COTS components

Numetrix

Commercial Of The Shelf (COTS) components


Component-based world(4)

• Distinguish two kinds of components: small and large ones

• Small ones are found in public libraries, often freeware. They fulfill some specific, small task, like sorting a file.

• Large components have a vendor and they support a complex business process, like bookkeeping

• Webservices is focusing on small components • Software packages and ASP services can be

considered as large components (SAAS)

ASP: application service providerSAAS: software as a service



Different types of components:• application components contain business logic• generic components support application components and

have no business logic

types of components

predefined

components

programmable components

application components

(with business logic)

e.g. accounting: SAP, PeopleSoft

e.g. business intelligence tool:

Business Objects

generic components

(without business logic)

e.g. middleware: WebMethods

e.g. dbms:Oracle; wfms: Staffware



Parameters of predefined components:

• parameters are options, selected from a list or input as simple data (often a tree of option lists)

• limited flexibility, but easy to use• little ICT knowledge but much application

knowledge required



Parameters of programmable components:

• parameters are models, like data models and process models

• the model defines the function of the component• special languages to make models (often

diagrams)• very flexible, but advanced ICT knowledge

required



Component based development is different:1. requirements are determined2. an architecture is designed3. components are specified4. components are selected from vendors or

constructed from scratch5. configuring components = parameter setting6. integration = connecting components interfaces,

often via middleware7. testing8. deployment

programming= configuration + integration



• Component-based systems will behave in an organic way: –periodically components will be replaced by

better ones–new functionality will be realised by new

components • Vendors will compete with the best functionality of

their individual components



• Prepacked solutions will be offered by third parties:–combinations of components with parameters

that can be used as a new predefined component

–prepacked solutions can be made by ‘third parties’

• ‘Prepackers’ will compete with vendors of packages

• Components may be outsourced as SAAS


Features of IS to be componentized

–Data management–User interaction–Business process (workflow)–Business rules (logic)–Coordination (orchestration, choreography)–Security control–OnLineAuditing–???



Generic components and some vendors

1. Database man. system2. Document man. system3. Datawarehouse / Dataminer4. Content man. system5. Webserver6. Application server

7. Rule engine8. Workflow man. system 9. Coordination engine

1. Oracle, SQL server, MySQL2. OpenIMS, Worldox3. Business objects, Cognos4. Tridion, Tekfuse CMS5. Apache, IIS6. WebLogic (BeaSys),

Borland Enterprise Server7. FairIsaac, ILOG8. Staffware, Cosa9. BizTalk, Tibco



database management

document managementdata warehouses

business intelligencecontent managers

webservers application servers

business rule engines

workflow engines

orchestrators

BizTalk Server



Component based world (14)

Web Server

Coordination Engine

Workflow EngineApplication

Server

DatabaseManager

Data Warehouse

ContentManager

Rule Engine

ApplicationApplication

DocumentManager

Example


Predefined application components

Purchase and Inventory control PRODUCTION

PLANNING

Detailed

Production plan

Master

production plan

Production

control

Purchase

Materials

IntakeDistribution Customer

Sales

Capacity planSales

forecast

Supplier

Sales and distribution

ERP systems(1)


ERP functions• Purchase and supplier management• Sales and distribution planning (invoicing, transport planning)• Inventory control• Quality control• Production planning (material planning, capacity planning)• Means of production planning (equipment, maintenance)• Human resource planning (payroll, timesheets, personnel and

organization chart)• Financial management (general ledger, debtors, creditors,

asset management, treasury management)• Supporting functions:

– Workflow management

– Data warehousing

• Industry specific functions (telco, health care etc)

ERP systems(2)


Evolution of functionsIt started with the financial administration

Then inventory control appeared

Three phases:

1. Islands of automation

2. Internally integrated

3. Externally integrated: • Supply chain management • E-Procurement• Customer relationship management• E-commerce/ E-business

ERP systems(3)


Development of an ERP system based on a package

Develop New Products (D)

Plan & ConductPhase IV ClinicalTrials

Discover NewCompounds D-020

ManagePharmacology/Toxicology D-030

ManageFormulationDevelopmentD-040

Plan & ConductClinical TrialsD-050

Plan & LaunchNew ProductsD-070

Res., Analyze, &Def. Mkt. Req'sD-010

Obtain ProjectApproval D-060

Market & Sell Products (S)

Manage SalesForce S-080

Conduct MarketResearch S-020

Design Pharmaco-economics ModelS-040

Develop SalesForecast S-030

Manage PricingS-050

Develop MarketingAccess StrategyS-060

ManageAdvertising &Promotions S-070

Develop MarketingStrategy S-010

Sell ProductsS-090

Develop ContractPrograms S-100

Procure Materials & Services (P)

DevelopProcurementStrategy P-010

Dev. & Maint.ProcurementPolicies P-020

Dev & MaintContracts & Req.P-030

Enable PaymentP-080

Perform IncomingQuality AssuranceP-040

Develop & Maint.Supplier Cert.P-050

Create & Maint.Purchase ReqsP-060

PurchaseMaterials &Services P-070

Plan &ManufactureProducts (M)

Forecast/PlanProduction M-020

ScheduleProduction M-030

ManageWorkorder M-040

Manage QualityControl M-050

ManageSubcontractorManufacturingM-070

DevelopManufacturingStrategy M-010

Manage ProcessReliability M-060

ManageDistribution &Logistics (L)

ManageWarehouseMaterials L-020

Manage InventoryL-030

ManageConsignmentMaterials L-040

Pick/Pack & ShipL-050

Develop Dist. &Logistics StrategyL-010

Manage MaterialDisposal L-060

Manage Order Fulfillment (F)

Manage Returns &Exchanges F-080

Fulfill CustomerInquiries F-020

ManageBackorders F-040

Process OrdersF-030

Manage/TrackOrders F-050

Bill & CollectRevenue F-060

Manage CreditF-070

Develop OrderFulfillmentStrategy F-010

AdministerContracts F-090

Manage ContractsF-100

Manage RebatesF-110

ManageChargebacksF-120

ERP systems(4)


Development of an ERP system based on a package

Develop New Products (D)

Plan & ConductPhase IV ClinicalTrials

Discover NewCompounds D-020

ManagePharmacology/Toxicology D-030

ManageFormulationDevelopmentD-040

Plan & ConductClinical TrialsD-050

Plan & LaunchNew ProductsD-070

Res., Analyze, &Def. Mkt. Req'sD-010

Obtain ProjectApproval D-060

Market & Sell Products (S)

Manage SalesForce S-080

Conduct MarketResearch S-020

Design Pharmaco-economics ModelS-040

Develop SalesForecast S-030

Manage PricingS-050

Develop MarketingAccess StrategyS-060

ManageAdvertising &Promotions S-070

Develop MarketingStrategy S-010

Sell ProductsS-090

Develop ContractPrograms S-100

Procure Materials & Services (P)

DevelopProcurementStrategy P-010

Dev. & Maint.ProcurementPolicies P-020

Dev & MaintContracts & Req.P-030

Enable PaymentP-080

Perform IncomingQuality AssuranceP-040

Develop & Maint.Supplier Cert.P-050

Create & Maint.Purchase ReqsP-060

PurchaseMaterials &Services P-070

Plan &ManufactureProducts (M)

Forecast/PlanProduction M-020

ScheduleProduction M-030

ManageWorkorder M-040

Manage QualityControl M-050

ManageSubcontractorManufacturingM-070

DevelopManufacturingStrategy M-010

Manage ProcessReliability M-060

ManageDistribution &Logistics (L)

ManageWarehouseMaterials L-020

Manage InventoryL-030

ManageConsignmentMaterials L-040

Pick/Pack & ShipL-050

Develop Dist. &Logistics StrategyL-010

Manage MaterialDisposal L-060

Manage Order Fulfillment (F)

Manage Returns &Exchanges F-080

Fulfill CustomerInquiries F-020

ManageBackorders F-040

Process OrdersF-030

Manage/TrackOrders F-050

Bill & CollectRevenue F-060

Manage CreditF-070

Develop OrderFulfillmentStrategy F-010

AdministerContracts F-090

Manage ContractsF-100

Manage RebatesF-110

ManageChargebacksF-120

Develop New ProductsRes., Analyze, & Def. Mkt. Req's (D-010)

ResearchCompetitors

Research Patients

Research Doctors

ResearchAcademia

Research CrossIndustry/Intercompany

Research AdvisoryBoard

Research Payors

ResearchRegulatory Bodies

Assess Needs &Requirements inTherapeut

Assess Needs &Requirements inTherapeut

Conduct MarketSituation Analysiswith M

Assess CurrentOrganization'sCapacity &

Assess MostProfitable ProductConcepts

Build BusinessCase for 'NewProduct' Co

Assess CurrentOrganization'sCapacity &

Prioritize NewProduct Concepts

Propose NewProduct Concepts

Competitors'Info

Patients

Doctors

Academia

InternalCompany

Advisory Board

Payors

RegulatoryBody

S-90 SellProd/D-10 MktReq's

S-20 MktResearch/D-10Mkt Req's

D-10 MktReq's/D-20New Comp.

Proposals w/in Core Competency

Identify PotentialAcquisition/JVPartne

Prop Not w/in Core Comp/Bus. Case

SelectAcquisition/JVPartners

D-10 MktRequirements/MB-20 Ext En ...

D-10 Def MktReqs/MB-60Assess Oppties

End D-010

Prop. Not w/in Core Comp/No Bus. Case

Link to MB-020

Link to S-020

ERP systems(5)

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2II60 Technology of Information Systems Course 2009

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