Mutation-induced variability for improved yield and rust resistance in wheat in hot
irrigated environments
Abdelbagi M. Ali1, 2, Izzat S.A. Tahir2, Abdalla M.A. Kurmut2, Sufian M. Suliman2,
Nasrein M.K. Omer2 , Tahani Y. Elagib2 , Pierre Lagoda1 and Brian Forster1
1. Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency - P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
2. Agricultural Research Corporation, PO Box 121, Wad Medani, Sudan
Contents
• Introduction to the Division NAFA of IAEA• TC projects for NA• Projects related to mutation breeding for
resistance to wheat rust diseases• Progress made and out come• Conclusion/way forward
International Atomic Energy AgencyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Corporate Mission
Atomic energy for peace, health and
prosperity
Sustainable agricultural development, improved
nutrition and food security
to contribute to sustainable food security and safety by use of nuclear techniques and biotechnology
Division of NAFA
Nuclear Techniques
Insect Pest Control
by Sterile Insect and Related Biological Techniques
Plant Breeding & Genetics
by Mutation Techniques
Animal Production & Health
by Serological and Molecular Techniques
Soil & Water Management& Crop Nutrition
by Isotopic and Nuclear Techniques
Food & Environmental Safety
by Food Irradiation and Radio- analytical Techniques
Feedback
TechnologyTransfer
96 Member States served
CRP & TCP(7) (65)
International Atomic Energy AgencyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Mandate
Plant Breeding and Genetics
To improve national capacities in plant mutation breeding, especially in developing countries:
Mutation inductionMutation detectionMutant line development (pre-breeding)
and other enabling technologies
Radio-sensitivity test to optimum dosey = -0.208x + 112.3
R² = 0.942
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Doses (Gy)
Stimulation
Induction
Genes studies
International Atomic Energy AgencyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
12-15% Moisture
100% moisture
International Atomic Energy AgencyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Generating and identifying mutants
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Time (min)
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Mutation
Hin a Studies, Fluorescence
Hin a 96 Hin a 72 Hin a 48 Hin a 32 Hin a 24 Hin a 16
Hin a 10 Hin a 8
Hin a 6 Hin a 4
Hin a 2 Hin a WT
Hin a Hom
MutagenictreatmentMo seed
M1 plants M2, M3 … ..
Genotyping
Seed resource ofidentified mutants
Phenotyping
International Atomic Energy AgencyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Mutant line development
Identified mutant
Check BGSAD for potential alleles Rounds of selfing
Cross to reference genotype
Produce segregating population
Bulk segregant analysis
Fine Map
Candidates via synteny
Validation
Adaptive backcross to elite line
Varietal development
Varietal development
Recurrent parent
Donor mutant
F1
BC1
BC2
BC3
BCn
Backcross inbred lines
Selfing
DH, MM, Rapid cycling
DH, MM, Rapid cycling
FAST SLOW
Homozygous mutant lines
Mutant induction
Accelerated mutation breeding by combinations of DH, MM and short crop cycle
Repeated generation
cycles (5-6/year)
International Atomic Energy AgencyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Successes in plant mutation breeding
3218 registered mutant varieties in 214 plant sp.Majority (> 80%) have been developed by nuclear techniquesMost are food security crops
Legumes 492 Others 378
Cereals 1589
Flowers 642
Oil crops 110
INT5150 (2009-2013)Wheat Stem Rust
SECOND DEFENSE LINE: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia
BACK UP DEFENSE LINE: Pakistan, South Africa
LOGISTICS SUPPORT: Australia, Austria, Italy, Mexico, Syria, USAFIRST DEFENSE LINE: Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Jordan, Kenya, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen
SUGGESTED ADD. PARTNERS: India, Iraq, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia
IMPORTANT WHEAT PRODUCING AREAS
Technology TransferCapacity Building
Networking 300 000 M2 and M3
Autors (in alphabetical order): (11)Al-Bokari M., (9)Al-Maawali Q. S. A., (9)Al-Mutasim Al-Busaidi R., (11)Al-Salman A., (14)Arabi M. I. E., (10)Arain M. A., (15)Ben Chedli Trifa Y., (1)Benbelkacem A., (3)Bhagwat S. G., (3)Bhavani S., (1)Djenadi C., (8)El Amil R., (2)Elsayed S. S., (14)Ghannam A., (10)Hussain M., (10)Khanzada S. K., (11)Khashoggi A., (7)Kimurto P. K., (7)Kinyua M. G., (7)Kiplagat O., (12)Le Roux J., (21)Li C., (22)Liu L., (13)Mohamed G., (4)Mostafavi H. A., (2)Moustafa R. A. K., (13)Mukhtar A. A. G., (7)Mutui T. M., (15)Rezgui S., (18)Saif A., (6)Shakhatreh Y., (20)Singh D., (16)Tutluer M. I., (17)Wagoire W. W., (19)Yahyaoui A., (5)Younus M. & (23)Lagoda P. J. L.
(1)Algeria (2)Egypt (3)India(4)Iran(5)Iraq (6)Jordan (7)Kenya(8)Lebanon (9)Oman(10)Pakistan (11)Saudi Arabia
(12)South Africa(13)Sudan (14)Syrian Arab Republic (15)Tunisia (16)Turkey (17)Uganda (18)Yemen (19)ICARDA, Syrian Arab Republic(20)CIMMYT, Nairobi, Kenya (21)Department of Agriculture and Food of Western Australia(22)Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)(23)FAO/IAEA, Austria (Luxembourg)
SCREENING PROTOCAL FOR M2 - M3 AND M4 1. To avoid escape from rust plant, screen M2 – M3 and M4 2. Use all known pathotype in inoculum 3. Use three highly adopted lines as check (susceptible in your area). 4. Planting dates two 1) Normal 2) Date for rust screening
Morrocco 00000000000000000000 00 Sr 31 oooooooooooooooooooo 00
Sr 24 oooooooooooooooooooo 00 Sr 36 oooooooooooooooooooo 00
Check (1) OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 00 M2 1 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00
2 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00
3 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00
4 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00
5 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00
6 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00
7 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00
8 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00
9 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00
10 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 Check (2) OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 00 Morrocco 00000000000000000000 00
M2 1 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00
2 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00
3 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00
4 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00
5 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00
6 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00
7 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00
8 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00
9 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00
10 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 Check (3) OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 00 Morrocco 00000000000000000000 00
M2 1 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 - - - To develop proper rust infection Inoculate your materials in the evening (by spraying). Mix all virulence in equal proportions. 1gm of rust spores is sufficient for inoculation of one hectare. Take notes / observations when checks and isogenic lines give you maximum rating (above
505). Collect inoculum for next year. Separate and maintain for the conformation of mutants
selected.
Screening Protocol for M2, M3 and M4 Eldoret, Kenya
Screen House : M3 and M4 (inoculum spray)
Selections screening of mutants per country.
COUNTRY Selection R MR MS
Algeria Bulk (M2) 1 13 8 Australia Bulk (M2) 3 5 Egypt Bulk (M4) 6 10
India Bulk (M2) 10 Iran Bulk (M2) 5 6 Iraq Bulk (M4) 1 9
Kenya Pedigree (M7) 8 5 5
Lebanon Bulk (M4) 6 5
Bulk (M2) 1 8 Pakistan Bulk (M4) 3
South Africa Bulk (M2) 31 60 Sudan Bulk (M2) 16 84 Syria Bulk (M2) 1 24 3 Turkey Main Tillers (M2) 4 Uganda Bulk (M5) 1 11 2
Yemen Bulk (M4) 1 3 4
Bulk (M2) 8 5 TOTALS 13 132 231
4 resistant mutant linesSubmitted to National
Performance Trials
Screening workshop
Phenotype of resistant mutants and susceptible wild wheat genotypes (Eldoret, Kenya )
Photographs courtesy of Amos Ego
Wild parent
Wild parent
Wild parent
Resistant mutant
Resistant mutant Moderately
resistant mutant
Visual and diseases scores for M5 lines in two populations at the two
testing sites; Wad Medani and New Halfa., Sudan 2012
Visual Scores 1
Wad Medani
New Halfa
Disease1 Scores
Stem rust
Leaf rust
0 Poor 221 277 R-trR 256 6
√ Acceptable 136 125 trR-MR 154 45
* Good 73 62 MR-MS 68 84
** Very good 61 32 MS-S 19 311
*** Excellent 7 2 S 3 54
Total 498 498 Total 500 500
1R= resistant, tr= trace infection, MR= moderately resistant, MS= Moderately susceptible, S= susceptible
Visual scoring in both sites while the diseases scoring was at New Halfa Research Station
• Genetic Stockso Major gene resistance typeo Minor gene resistance type
• Released mutant variety-Kenya• Advance lines (6) With high yield and resistance to
stem and leaf rust (Sudan)
Future outlook• Release mutant varieties• Identify/characterize genes/alleles• Develop Molecular markers• Utilize the resistance source in backcross breeding• Expand the work for resistance to stripe rust
Opportunity for collaborations
Conclusion
Thanks for your attentio
n