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MIMO Principle
ZTE University
Objects
After the course,you will: Know the MIMO mode in LTE Know the benefits of MIMO Understand the transit mode of MIMO Know the MIMO Performance and Application
Content
LTE MIMO Introduction
Transmit Modes Theory Introduction
MIMO Performance
MIMO Application
Inputs and Outputs
Single Input Single Output Multi Input Single Output
Single Input Multi Output Multi Input Multi Output
What is MIMO?
MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple output) A set of techniques that rely on the use of multiple antennas at
the receiver and/or transmitter. It can be used to achieve improved system capacity and improved coverage area.
LTE MIMO Mode
MIMO System Capacity
多输入多输出( MIMO )
系统 :
单输入多输出( SIMO )
系统 :
22
1
log (1 | | ) / /M
ii
C h b s Hz
2
21
log (1 | | ) / /N
ii
C h b s HzN
*2 2
1
log [det( )] log (1 ) / /m
EP M ii
C I HH b s HzN N
In MIMO system, the number of antenna is related with the system capacity.
22log (1 | | ) / /C h b s Hz 单输入单输出( SISO )系统 :
MISO System :
MIMO System :
SIMO System :
SISO System:
Why select MIMO ?
Content
LTE MIMO Introduction
Transmit Modes Theory Introduction
MIMO Performance
MIMO Application
MIMO System Model
11 12 1 1 11
21 22 2 2 22
1 2
t
t
t tr r r r t
N
N
N NN N N N N
h h h x nr
h h h x nr
x nr h h h
MIMO Signal Model Expression
MIMO System Model
LTE Key Technology---MIMO Theory
Space multiplexing & space diversity leads to higher bit rate.
Receiver
Data stream
EncodeEncode
EncodeEncode Channel
Interleave
ChannelInterleave
ChannelInterleave
ChannelInterleave
ModulatorQPSK
16QAM
ModulatorQPSK
16QAM
ModulatorQPSK
16QAM
ModulatorQPSK
16QAM
DetectorDetector
DetectorDetector
MUXMUX
Data stream
v12
v21
v11
v22
TransmitterDeMUX
DeMUX
Structure of Downlink Reference Signals
Transmit Diversity ( 2 Antennas)
SFBC + FSTD
SFBC for two antenna ports
SFBC + FSTD for four antenna ports
Application Scenario for SFBC SFBC enhance system coverage SFBC application scenario
Large Delay CDD
Spatial Multiplexing
Application Scenario for Closed loop SM
Notes: Support antenna ports 2/4; Support one codeword and two codeword; Require RI and PMI feed back from terminal; RANK=1 corresponds to one codeword; RANK>=2 corresponds to two
codeword; One codeword is referred to codebook beam-forming; Be suitable for users with higher SNR in the centre of the cell
Application Scenario for Beam-Forming
Low correlation antenna
High correlation antenna
Beam-Forming in LTE
Content
LTE MIMO Introduction
Transmit Modes Theory Introduction
MIMO Performance
MIMO Application
MIMO Simulation Results-Case 1
Cell Spectrum efficiency Cell Edge SE (5% CDF)
eNodeB UE
0.045
0.047
0.054
1T2R0
0.4
0.8
1.0
1.4
1.8
2.2
1.34 0.045
0.047
0.054
1T2R0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.042
MIMO Simulation Results-Case 2
Cell Spectrum efficiency Cell Edge SE (5% CDF)
Rank
eNodeB UE
0.045
0.047
0.054
2T2R0
0.4
0.8
1.0
1.4
1.8
2.2
1.6763
0.045
0.047
0.054
2T2R0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.0437
MIMO Simulation Results-Case 3
Cell Spectrum efficiency Cell Edge SE (5% CDF)
0.045
0.047
0.054
4T2R0
0.4
0.8
1.0
1.4
1.8
2.2
1.7488
0.045
0.047
4T2R0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.0495
Rank
eNodeB UE
MIMO Simulation Results
Cell Spectrum efficiency Cell Edge SE (5% CDF)
46dBm/Antenna Macro ISD = 500m, 2*2 MIMO
0.045
0.047
0.054
4T2R0
0.4
0.8
1.0
1.4
1.8
2.2
1.748
4T2R0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.04951.6763
2T2R
1.34
1T2R
0.0437
2T2R
0.042
1T2R25% 30% 4% 18%
Simulation Results of Different MIMO Modes
FR
Average Cell Throughput( Mbps)
Frequency Efficiency( Mbps/H
z)
Cell Edge Data Rates( Mbps)
Cell Edge Frequency Efficiency
( Mbps/Hz)
Case 1
43dBm/Antenna Macro ISD =500m,10,2*2MIMO,Rank
Adaptive,20dB, 3km/h 1 8.5631 1.5774 0.2751 0.0507
Case 2
33dBm/Antenna Macro ISD = 500m,4TxBF,Single Stream,20dB, 3km/h 1 13.9773 2.5747 0.9195 0.1694
Case 3
33dBm/Antenna Macro ISD500m,4TxBFprecoding,
Dual Stream,20dB, 3km/h 1 13.4308 2.4741 0.8935 0.1646
Case 1
43dBm/Antenna Macro ISD = 500m,2*2MIMO,Rank Adaptive,20dB, 3km/h 3 21.7142 1.3333 1.0842 0.0666
Case 2
33dBm/Antenna Macro ISD = 500m,4TxBF,Single Stream,20dB, 3km/h 3 18.6087 1.1426 1.9028 0.1168
Case 3
33dBm/Antenna Macro ISD = 500m,4TxBF,precoding,Dual
Stream,20dB, 3km/h 3 28.6932 1.7619 2.2303 0.1366
Content
LTE MIMO Introduction
Transmit Modes Theory Introduction
MIMO Performance
MIMO Application
6 Mode 6 Codebook BF
High priority
High priority for two antennas, Medium priority for four antennas
Medium/Low priority
Medium priority for four antennas
1 Mode 1 Single Antenna Port
2 Mode 2 Transmit Diversity
3 Mode 3 Open Loop SM
4
5
7
Mode 4 Closed-Loop SM
Mode 5 MU-MIMO
Mode 7 Non Codebook BF
High priority for non-MIMO system
High priority for two antennas, Medium priority for four antennas
MIMO Modes in LTE
Low priority, especially for LTE FDD
6 Mode 6 Codebook BF
Provide Diversity Against Fading
Improve Peak data rates
Improve system Capacity
Improve cell Coverage and Suppress Interference
1 Mode 1 Single Antenna Port
2 Mode 2 Transmit Diversity
3 Mode 3 Open Loop SM
4
5
7
Mode 4 Closed-Loop SM
Mode 5 MU-MIMO
Mode 7 Non Codebook BF
Correspond to Single Antenna Port
High Mobility Environment
Benefits of Different MIMO Modes in LTE
MIMO Modes in Downlink Physical Channel
Mode1 Mode 2 Mode3 – Mode 7
PDSCH PBCH
PCFICH PDCCH PHICH SCH
Application Selection of MIMO Modes
Cell EdgeCell Center
Urban Area
High Speed
Cell Edge
Low Speed ( Indoor )
Medium Speed
Handset Adaptation to MIMO Modes
2 Transmit Diversity
3 Open-Loop SM
4
5
7
Closed-Loop SM
MU-MIMO
Non Codebook BF
6 Codebook BF
Mobility Speed Changes
Rank Changes
Location to Cell Changes
MIMO Modes Conclusion
Transmit Scheme
Rank Channel Correlation
Mobility
Environment
Data Rates Location in
the Cell
Transmit Diversity
(SFBC)
1 Low correlation
High/Medium
Speed
Lower Data Rates
Cell Edge
Open-Loop SM 2/4 Low correlation
High/Medium
Speed
Medium/
Lower
Cell centre/
Cell Edge
Double Stream Precoding
2/4 Low correlation
Low Speed Higher Date rates
Cell Centre
MU-MIMO 2/4 Low correlation
Low Speed Higher Date rates
Cell Centre
Codebook
Beam-forming
1 High correlation
Low Speed Lower Date rates
Cell Edge
Non Codebook
Beam-forming
1 High correlation
Low Speed Lower Date rates
Cell Edge
LTE Antenna Correlation
Two antenna at eNB Four antenna at eNB
Case 2: Low Correlation (10) Be suitable for above 2GHz
Ant1 Ant2
Case 3: Low Correlation(4 or 10 between two Pairs)
Ant1 Ant2
Ant3 Ant4
Case 4: High correlation (0.5)
Ant1 Ant2 Ant3 Ant4
Case 1: Medium Correlation (4)
Ant1 Ant2
MIMO Deployment Consideration
Scenario A
Scenario B
Scenario C
Linear Antenna
Cross-polarization1~3F
4~6F
7~9F
10~12F
13~15F
16~18F
19~21F
22~24F
25~27F
28~30F
31~33F
34~36F
37~39F
40~42F
43~45F
46~48F