Date post: | 19-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | anita-matley |
View: | 213 times |
Download: | 0 times |
3965AMS
Fault Locating Overview
Presented by
Gary Morris
Outline
• Fault Locating – RFL– TDR
Fault Locating• When to Use TDR and RFL• Opens and TDR for Capacitive Faults• RFL and TDR for Resistive Faults
When to Use TDR or RFL
• You should know what fault or condition you have before trying to isolate with the RFL or TDR.
TDR RFL
Load Coil Yes No
Tip/Ring Open Yes No
Water Yes No
Bridge Tap Yes No
High Res Opens Yes No
Short = or < 500 Ohms Yes
Tip Ground No Yes
Ring Ground No Yes
Battery Crosses No Yes
TDR
• Press the TDR key• Choose Setup to enter cable information.• When finished choose a test and press OK
TDR Trace Examples - Open
• Here is a pair the is open at 1780 feet.
TDR Tip Open
• Here is a pair the has an open tip open at 780 feet.
TDR Series Resistance
• Here is a pair the has a high resistance open at 950 feet.
TDR Short
• Here is a pair the has an short at 1000 feet.
TDR Water
• Approximately 100 Feet of water.
Expert Pair Test
1. RFL test is used for faults under 20 mΩ.
2. Always draw a diagram of the fault for better analysis.
3. There three factors that is always involved in RFL (Resistance Fault Locating) - Gauge, Length and Temperature of the cable. Any two of the three must be known for RFL to work. The best option is to know the Gauge and Length of the section under test and the test set will compute the cable temperature. This is done during RFL Setup.
4. A pair may have some light faults in it but it can be used as a ‘Good Pair’ as long as the light fault is at least 200 times better than the magnitude of the fault in the faulted pair. Ex: If the fault on a pair is 1 kilo-ohms, a pair with a 200 kilo-ohm fault can be used as a good pair. Of course, the higher the magnitude, the better.
5. For best RFL accuracy , make a long cable section shorter by going to the middle of the section and open the pair to cut it in half. Check for the fault in one direction and then the other and then isolate the clean side. Repeat the process until the cable section becomes short enough where the following becomes practical:
a) the length of a short section can easily be measured physically with a roller tape. If gauge and section length are known, the test set will compute cable temperature.
b) With a short cable section, the use of a reel of jumper wire as a “Good Pair” placed above ground is now possible, instead of digging into the cable for a good one. Saves time. With a separate good pair and knowing the gauge and length of the section is the best and most accurate RFL option.
6. In a ‘Single Pair Hookup’, the best good conductor to use is the mate of the faulted one and the next best is any good conductor from any of the adjacent pairs in the same group. Ex: If a pair has TIP(A) is
faulted and RING(B) is good, RING(B) is then the best good conductor to use to shoot the fault on TIP(A).
7. If DTF (Distance-To-Fault) and DTS (Distance-To-Strap) are equal, the fault is either at the strap or beyond.
RFL Fault Locating Tips
The use of a
“Separate Good Pair”
is always the most accurate way to
locate any type of a resistance fault.
RFL TIPS
Resistance FaultsGROUND : A fault between ‘Tip [A]’ and ‘Ground’, ‘Ring [B]’ and ‘Ground’ or both conductors and ‘Ground’.
Resistance Faults Cont..SHORT : A fault between ‘Tip [A]’ and ‘Ring [B]’ conductors.
Resistance Faults Cont..Battery CROSS : A fault between a working pair and a non-working pair (pair under test).
Pair # 1 - Working pair
Pair # 2 - Non-working(Pair under test)
-48 VDC
-46 VDC
Solid Cross FaultWater
-48 VDC
-7 VDC
Resistive Cross fault
Pair # 1 - Working pair
RFL Hookup Examples
“Separate Good Pair”
It can be any pair of any gauge, longer or shorter than the faulted one,
it doesn’t matter.
For short cable section lengths (1000 feet or less), the good pair can be a
reel of a CO jumper wire or a telephone jacketed wire placed above ground.
Reel of CO jumper wire
or
telephone jacketed wire
Good Pair
Faulted Pair Strap
End-1
End-2
Ground Fault
Shield/GroundNear-End Far-End
Good Pair
“Separate Good Pair”
It can be any pair of any gauge, longer or shorter than the faulted one,
it doesn’t matter.
For long cable section lengths (several thousand feet), the good pair can come
from another cable adjacent to the cable with the faulted pair.
Good Pair
Faulted Pair
Common
End-1
End-2
Near-End Far-End
Good Pair
Faulted Pair
Strap
Short
Fault
How To Extend The “Far-End Strap” If Necessary
Reel of CO jumper wire or telephone jacketed wire or any two wires, same length
(any gauge)
Faulted Pair
Far-End Strap
End-1 End-2
Short
Near-End
Common
Good Pair [ from a distant cable ]
Strap extension
Far-End
RFL Single Section Setup
T-GR-GShortTip CrossRing CrossWet Pulp
Choose fault type.
Choose single pair or separate pair.
Select single or multiple section.
Choose the gauge.
Length or temperature must be “unknown.”
RFL Multiple Section Setup
T-GR-GShortTip CrossRing CrossWet Pulp
Choose fault type.
Choose single pair or separate pair.
Select single or multiple section.
Choose the gauge.
Length or temperature must be “unknown” on last section.
Aerial Cable:
1. If cable is not in direct sunlight. Add 20oF to the air temperature.
2. If cable is in direct sunlight. Add 40oF to the air temperature.
Buried Cable:
1. Use temperature of tap water (city water). Let water flow out of a water faucet for several minutes and then measure the temperature.
2. In cold climates, use soil temperature at cable depth.
Estimating Cable Temperature
RFL Cont..
Press setup to change section 1 from 24 awg to 26 awg.
3640.8 ft
3406 ft234.8 ft
Distance To Strap (DTS) = 4000 feetDistance To Fault (DTF) = 2500 feetStrap To Fault (STF) = 1500 feet
The bridge tap does not affect this reading.
1000 ft 3000 ft
500 ft
400 ft
1000 ft 3000 ft
500 ft
400 ft
1000 ft 3000 ft
500 ft
400 ft
1000 ft 3000 ft
500 ft
400 ft
Distance To Strap (DTS) = 4000 feetDistance To Fault (DTF) = 1000 feetStrap To Fault (STF) = 3000 feet
1000 ft 3000 ft
500 ft
400 ft
1000 ft 3000 ft
500 ft
400 ft
1000 ft 3000 ft
500 ft
400 ft
Fault measures here!
1000 ft 3000 ft
500 ft
400 ft
Distance To Strap (DTS) = 3900 feetDistance To Fault (DTF) = 400 feetStrap To Fault (STF) = 3500 feet
1000 ft 3000 ft
500 ft
400 ft
1000 ft 3000 ft
500 ft
400 ft
1000 ft 3000 ft
500 ft
400 ft
Fault measures here!
1000 ft 3000 ft
500 ft
400 ft
Questions ?
• Live Demo
• 1-800-426-8688 Option 3