3 (BnW) Architectural Elements

7/28/2019 3 (BnW) Architectural Elements

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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN

Centre for Modern Architecture Studies in Southeast AsiaBachelor of Science (Honours) (Architecture)

ARCHITECTURE CULTURE & HISTORY 2 [ARC 1323]Prerequisite: Architecture Culture & History 2

FINAL REPORT

Tutor : Ms Anida

Group Members:Wong Roung-Jang

Nikki Wong Tyan MunGoh Kee Woon

Vincent Wee

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030336803032810303315

0315167


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Introduction

1.1 Fast Facts

Name of Building : The New Victoria Institution

Location : Jalan Stadium, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (Beside Stadium

Merdeka)

Architect of the Building : AC Norman (Arthur Charles Alfred Norman)

Size of Victoria Institution : 140m x 90m (Whole Compound)

76m x 57m (Main School Building)

1.2 Contextual Conditions

The New Victoria Institution

1983-Victorian Institution was first establishedsituated at High Street, now known as

JalanTunH.S.Lee at the centre of old Kuala Lumpur town.

1929-The current Victorian Institution had proceeded.


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Victorian Institution had undergone decades of development. Its surrounding

environment grew and altered which representing parallel advancement of Kuala

Lumpur. Rare numbers of people for that decades are still living now who can still

remember the previous location of school, how its appearance look like or

acknowledging the historical events which is related to the previous buildings of

Victorian Institution Complex.

Government approved establishment of Victorian Institution to fulfil educational

purpose for particular region. Eight acres of land on the left bank of the Klang River

were set aside as the location of Victorian Institution establishment.


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The map of 1889 indicates a big different of Kuala Lumpur if compared to that of

today. Apparently, there are 31 years old townships for particular period. Most Asian

population live in the left bank of the Klang River.

The proposed site of Victorian Institution is bounded by river and bysouthern part of

High Street which linked to the Klang River near a large engineering complex. No

brick buildings are located onsite at the particular time. The dotted lines represent

dirt roads which had shown that most of the squatters were present there. A police

station was located in High Street which facing to the site of the future school,

Victorian Institution Complex. There was a street beside the future school; it had

been given a name of Station Street. Another side of the river was undeveloped.

Most of the Europeans were living there. There was a main road which traversing

beside the railway line is called as Gombak Road which now known as Jalan Sultan

Hishamuddin. There is no proper railway station as yet.

1893-Construction of Victorian Institution Complexstarted of two buildings, which

includes an academic block known as Block 1 and a large bungalow for Headmaster.

July 1874-Buildings were ready for occupation.

Block 1 had two floors; the ground floor was being constructed with mainly of brick

while the timber was largely used for the upper part of the building. The architectural

style of Victorian Institution was Gothic architecture. For instances, gothic arches

abounded throughout the building- there were two concentric walls of arches on the

ground floor. An exceptional spire had been constructed on its roof to allow the

performing of natural ventilation into the large upper floor school room. The school

fronted High Street, despite of it, its main entrance was particularly being located inposition which facingto the north side. A gable was above its entrancewhich was

carved with the royal coat of arms and the date of the School's foundation - 1893.

Furthermore, there was a long curving porch covered the entrance steps.

There are no photographs have been found which in regarding to the Headmaster's

Bungalow. Apparently, when referred to the written descriptions by Mr R. J. H

Sidney, one of the three headmasters who lived in it, the Bungalow possessed of


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large roundverandah and a car porch. The servants' quarters were located behind it

as well.

The map of 1895 representedone of the year after the school opened. The Block 1,

academic block of Victorian Institution Complex which fronts to the High Street. In

contrary, the Headmaster's Bungalow is far away located at the bend of the river.

There is a road slice in front of the headmaster's bungalow and cross over the Klang

River till to the new Railway Station. There is no school field during the particular

period. Gombak Road has been renamed as Damansara Road now. There is a line

from the Railway Station actually crosses over the river to Chinatown; further north

run along to the present day Jalan Cheng Lock. Moreover, a Police barracks, facing

the school, have now been built beside the Police Station.

1899-A newblock of Victorian institution Complex, Block 2, was built beside the first

block.

Block 2 functioned as academic block as well, which contained six classrooms on

the ground floor and teachers' quarters upstairs.Block 1 housed the Infant School

while Block 2 was for the Lower School.


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1902-Block 3 was added behind Block 2for thoseboys aged and was ready for the

Middle School.

This particular block is encompassing of a laboratory and three classrooms. In

addition, a gymnasium was constructed beside the Block 3 with a Roman temple

design which imitated the tall columns, two at the front and back, and four on each

side.

1909-Block 4 was constructed. It is approximately 50 metres across the field behind

Block 1.

This new block was functioned for the High School students. The particular block

consisted of three classrooms on the ground floor. It housed the School Hall on the

first floor.

1921-A temporary building was set up to house three more classrooms. Five years

later another one-storey building was erected to relieve the pressure for classroom

space.

1911-A catastrophe occurred at the Headmaster's Bungalow.

During the time when the acting Headmaster was living there coincidentally in the

absence of Mr B. E. Shaw who was on overseas leave. One unpredictable evening,

an outsider seen as European planter wasthen took an action of


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shooting.Headmaster was then staggered down from the veranda and collapsed and

died on the driveway. The wife of the acting Headmaster was innocently accused of

murder, being judged with the punishment, sentenced to death as the outcome.She

was pardoned by the Selangor Sultan after the staff andpupils of the V.I. petitioned

the ruler.

The map of 1929 represents a major changed of Victorian Institution. Every building

plays important parts of making up the school complex in position and the road that

once slice across the present school field is now gone. All land appears to be

prettierand much used up if compared to previous condition.

March 1929-V.I. move to its new premises in Petaling Hill.

The Headmaster's Bungalow appears to have its own private road running north

along the river bank to join Sultan Street. This road is called asJalanSekolah. The

school's tennis courts, not shown on the map, are along this road, between the river

and the shop houses. The town of Kuala Lumpur shows more built-up areas. The

latest version of the Railway Station no longer sends a track across the Klang River.


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During the twenties- Cadet Corps and the scouts that remain the boys busy after

school. The cadets had their own rifle range in an open space nearby. Wednesdays

were reserved for bugle band. The Bugle band will normally displays in front of Block

4. Apart from that, the games are being played were including football, cricket, tennis

and hockey. Numerous of clubs were being founded for fulfilling purpose of

underpins knowledge among the students in skilling social community. Musical and

Dramatic Society was founded during that period and put up several plays that were

well received by the population of Kuala Lumpur. In fact the Society even took its

plays to other towns like Penang, Ipoh and Singapore.

The school organized annual sports were nothing short of a carnival with massed

physical drill displays - dumb-bell, wand and club swinging in unison. This event was

being displays in the presence of hundreds of parents, which without the mention of

public, those who poured in from High Street. The different communities would put

up their own tents in the V.I. field.These circumstances would exude the appetizing

odours of a hundred and one delicacies. During Empire Day, the twenty-fourth of

May each year, every pupil participated in the sports events and almost everyone

received a prize.

The catastrophe of flood had forced the related department of V.I. complex for being

so persistently on requesting the moving to new premises. After years of discussion

among the particular affair, ultimately, the government had approved the V.I.

Complex for moving it present premises to new premises. The new premises were

used to be a Chinese cemetery and golf links as well.

1929-V.I.had moved to the current premises.

In the early nineteen thirties, thedemolishing of old Headmaster's Bungalow was

allowed in order to enable the Klang River to be diverted and straightened.


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The AAM map of 1939had been crudely drawn. The particular map had shown the

former V.I. complex had encountered a vastly significant change. There are various

kinks which in the Klang River are now gone.The river is being cleaned for hygiene

purpose. Apart from that, the particular river becomes much prettierif compared to

the previous scene of the river. The appearance of it was what it is like today. There

are only three buildings being shown in the complex now which known as the

Technical College. Apparently, the artist seems to have missed out Block 4 and the

other smaller buildings for some reason, but map had been drawn as the road is

segregating Block 1 from Blocks 2 and 3.

The map of 1950, that had been drawn, illustrated aminoradvancement in the former

of V.I. complex five years after the war. Besides, the artist has put back the buildings

on map of 1950. As it was owing to the buildings was missing from the 1939 map.Anextensive road remodelling was being carried out on the southern region of the


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complex near the Chinese Assembly Hall. A roundabout has been built to release

the traffic pressure for particular period. The Technical College remained in High

Street.

1954-Technical College was being moved to Jalan Gurney as it new location.

The Jalan Gurney is now known asJalanSemarak.There is a newly established High

Street School took over the place of old V.I. premises as the selection of residential

education selection.The first Headmaster of High Street School was an ex-V.I.

teacher who named asMr. H. M. de Souza.

1957-The particular School also moved out to new premises which located

atSetapak.

The particular School was dropping itself, the Street from its name, called as High

School Setapak.

The map of 1961 had shown a densely packed post-Merdeka Kuala Lumpur,

whichthe buildings sprouting everywhereevident that without the proper urban

planning. During the end of an era is approaching, all the remaining former of V.I.

buildings are to be demolished except academic Block 1. This project was being

carried out at the end of the particular year. The purpose of the proposed action was

to allow for the construction of the viaduct spanning the Klang River from the

National Mosque to the Chinese Assembly Hall. Furthermore, Station Street has

been renamed JalanBalai Polis and its length is truncated considerably as the Police

Station premises have been extended into the junction of the street with High Street.

High Street has now been renamed as Jalan Bandar. The roundabout at the Chinese

Assembly Hall is now known as BulatanMerdeka. Of interest is the road called Old

River Road. This can only be a hint as to what the road once was - a watery bend in

the river which once coursed alongside the school's Blocks 2 and 3.

During the early thirties-It had been filled in; therefore, the river has become a road.


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1.3 Architect, Design Ideas & Concept

Architect : AC Norman (Arthur Charles Alfred Norman), a senior government

architect of Public Works Department (PWD) in Malaysia between 1883 to 1903. He

may not be well-known to most Malaysians but his notable buildings before he

design the New Victoria Institution in Kuala Lumpur, particularly near Merdeka

Square are :

Sultan Abdul Samad Building (1894-1897)


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Selangor Club Building (1890)


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Victoria Institution (1894)

Design Ideas and Architectural Styles : Moorish Influence, Neo-Classical and Neo-

Gothic.

Moorish Architectural Style : It has a long building facade with a clock tower in the

middle of the building. Besides that, Moorish architectural style also uses Repetitive

which can be seen it the buildings windows and doors along the facade of the

building and also the side of the building.

Neo-Classical Architectural Style : This style is easily seen in the buildings main

entrance. The design is similar to Greek and Roman architectural style as it uses

Doric Columns at the entrance of the building. In the New Victoria Institution, it only

uses the Doric Columns.


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Neo-Gothic Architectural Style : This style is only seen on the buildings main clock

tower that is placed at the middle top of the building. The clock tower of the building

has a Gothic design but it doesnt have the texture of Gothic Architecture.

Concept : The concept of the building is to design a building that has architectural

values and also historical values. The other 3 minor concepts are Rectangles that is

being subtracted and also huge proportions.


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Basic&timeline&of&Victoria&Institutes&Historic&Events: !

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14!Aug!1893! The!foundation!stone!of!the!old!VI!building!in!High!Street!(presently!Jalan!Bandar)!was!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!laid!by!Mrs.!W.!H.!Treacher.!

28!Jul!1894! VI!was!formally!opened.!The!First!Prize!Giving!was!held.!

Apr!1923! The!first!issue!of!The!Victorian!was!published.!

23!Dec!1923! The!First!Speech!Day!was!held.!

01!Sep!1925! The!Government!took!over!the!administration!of!the!school.!

21!Sep!1927! The!DYMM!Sultan!Selangor!laid!the!new!foundation!stone!at!Bukit!Petaling.!This!is!the!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!present!site!of!VI.!

26!Mar!1929! The!official!opening!of!the!present!VI!building!by!British!High!Commisioner!Sir!Hugh!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Clifford!was!held.!

1938! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!The!swimming!pool!(P.W.D.!205)!was!built,!complete!with!a!diving!board!and!shower!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!rooms.!

13!Sep!1945! The!surrender!of!the!World!War!II!Japanese!military!forces!in!Malaya!took!place!in!the!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!VI!school!hall.!

1950! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!The!first!batch!of!girls!came!to!VI.!The!first!girl!to!be!registered!was!Ms.!Yong!Yan!Yoong.!

1957! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!The!official!opening!of!a!2storey!block!for!Form!Six.!This!block!has!3!laboratory!rooms!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!on!the!ground!floor,!and!4!classrooms!and!a!lecture!hall!on!the!first!floor.!The!hostel!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!building!was!completed!by!the!second!term.!

1962! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!The!206!was!opened.!This!is!the!infamous!boys!toilet!block.!

27!Oct!1978! The!Brick!Project!was!started.!This!was!carried!out!by!the!Interactors!of!1978!to!form!an!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!outline!of!the!school!name!with!bricks!on!the!slope!of!the!skating!rink.!It!took!29!days!to!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!complete!and!was!lead!by!the!Club's!Community!Service!Director!Mr.!Fong!CheeKeong.!

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2.0&Building&Analysis&

2.1!Architectural!Elements&

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Main!Feature!of!the!building!:&

The!Clock!Tower&

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&&&The!Clock!Tower!is!big!enough!to!be!visible!at!every!angle!around!the!school!compound.!

You!can!view!it!from!the!front,!the!sides!and!also!the!back!of!the!school.!

As!shown!in!the!pictures!below&

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Before&and&After&(Contextual&Condition&of&the&building)&

The!Baby!Clock!Tower!:!

(1929!and!Present)!

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Additional&buildings&were&added&in&the&year&2003!

Surau!

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Additional!Academic!Block!for!Primary!School!Students!(Added!in!1957)!

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Front!

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Back!

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Wall!was!repainted!in!2003!

Previously!was!white.!Now!the!bottom!half!is!painted!Light!Turquoise.!

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Door!was!also!repainted!in!2003!

Previously!was!Brown.!Now!it!is!Light!Grey.!

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2.0 Building Analysis2.1 Architectural Elements!1.#Columns#in#Main#entrance#################################2.#Gate#of#the#Main#Door!

!!3.Wall#pattern#########################################################4.Stair#case#design#before#and#after#

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5.#Main#Clock#tower####################################################6.#Baby#clock#tower#

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2.2 Comparison

Old Victoria InstitutionThis building is designed by AC. Norman in year 1894 in Jalan Bandar. It waswhere the original Victoria Institution located.

ComparisonVictoria Institution, 1929 Comparison Victoria Institution, 1894

Clock Tower Key Elementof the

Building

Bell tower at the centre of the school

Repetition of columns, doors, andwindows

BuildingPattern

Repetitive patterns at the lower levelof the building

Long and symmetrical faade Facade Short and unsymmetrical facade


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Entrance in the middle of the buildingfaade

MainEntrance

Entrance in the middle of thebuilding facade

E shaped plan from top view Building Plan Rectangularshape plan from topview

Neo-Classical Architecture Style andMoorish Architecture Style

BuildingStyle

English Cottage Style

!!!Conclusion :

In conclusion of this building, the New Victoria Institution is considered as oneof Malaysias National Heritage Building because of its unique architecturalstyle and also the size of the building. Through research, we have concludedthat the New Victoria Institution has brought several architectural styles duringthe early 20th Century. The architectural styles include Neo-Classical, Neo-Gothic and Moorish Architectural Style which was influence by Europeancountries during that time.

During the 1800-1900s, buildings in Malaysia were big in size but short inheight. After the New Victoria Institution was built, it changed the way howMalaysian buildings made their entrances and also windows and doors.Everything started to change in scale and proportion. As you can see in thetable above, it is easily understandable that buildings changed from short and

unsymmetrical to long and symmetrical.


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The way it influence the building designs in Malaysia was the big long faadeof the building and also the use of repetitive windows and doors. This designhelped make the building look simple and big. Other than that, the proportionof the building also played a big role in building designs during the early 20th

century. Buildings started to grow bigger in terms of size and height.

Despite several design changes that was done during that time, thesearchitectural styles were already introduced to the world before Malaysiasindependent day. It has also impacted Malaysia not just socially andeconomically but also politically during British and Japanese times inMalaysia. Because of this, it has made Malaysia what it is today and thebuilding played a role during the time of change in Malaysia and that is whyThe New Victoria Institution is considered and a Malaysia Heritage Building.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


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References :

http://viweb.freehosting.net/vihist.htm

http://benariff.blogspot.com/2009/02/concise-history-of-victoria-institution.html

https://web0226-sps.1bestarinet.net/cms/content.jsp?id=com.tms.cms.section.Section_840c5ffd-7f000010-3d9478c7-a4be3e9b

The V.I. Anthology, Voices from the Golden Age (n/a), Chee Min, Chung.

The History of Victoria Institution, (2000), Anonymous.

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