86 3. Establishment of International Research Center (COE) 3.1 21st Century COE Program “International COE of Flow Dynamics” 3.1.1 Background The “International COE of Flow Dynamics” was adopted as a 21st Century COE Program in 2003 FY. Flow dynamics is a phenomenon that appears in a broad range, from nanoscale such as atoms, molecules, and genes, to mega-scale such as global flow with respect to space, and from nanoscale such as the characteristic period of a molecule behavior to mega-scale such as flow in glass in units of a thousand years with respect to time. We are now urged to use flow dynamics not only to elucidate fundamental phenomena but also to create various functions that contribute to the development of humankind, making the best of its infinite flexibility effectively, and which promote research with an eye to its various applications and deployment. Given that background, this program divides its program promotion staff into three research groups, and execute research works and education programs of doctoral students under close cooperation of each groups. Some staff members concurrently participate in multiple research groups. Others are promoting joint research with those of a different research group, thereby producing a flexible and cross-cutting management structure. 3.1.2 Objective The COE aims to elucidate the fundamental scientific principles underlying extensively spatiotemporal flow phenomena from nanoscale to mega-scale, to foster human resources with high practical application skills and internationalism who can exhibit originarities and further contribute to development of human welfare, and to establish itself as the global core of flow dynamics research and education. Flow dynamics is a inter-disciplinary scientific field related to priority subjects such as various science and engineering fields as aerospace engineering, geoengineering, environmental and energy engineering, in particular. It plays an important role in solving of social issues of the society of the 21st century in terms of industrial development, environment, energy, and biotechnology. Its objective is the establishment of an international research education center that carries out leading research and practical education based on practicalism through diverse flow dynamics studies, and education of next-generation young researchers who can plan and promote international collaborative projects contributing to global scientific development. Specifically, this Center consists of the following three groups: (1) the “Flow under Strong Interference” research group deals with flows that interfere strongly with objects and electromagnetic force, and aims at their unique applications such as the Aero-train, (2) the “Shock-Wave-Driven Flow Mechanism” research group, which conducts research using effectively a shock-wave phenomena that are symbolic of transient flows, and which aim to create a system that
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3. Establishment of International Research Center (COE)
3.1 21st Century COE Program “International COE of Flow Dynamics”
3.1.1 Background
The “International COE of Flow Dynamics” was adopted as a 21st Century COE Program in
2003 FY.
Flow dynamics is a phenomenon that appears in a broad range, from nanoscale such as atoms,
molecules, and genes, to mega-scale such as global flow with respect to space, and from nanoscale
such as the characteristic period of a molecule behavior to mega-scale such as flow in glass in units
of a thousand years with respect to time. We are now urged to use flow dynamics not only to
elucidate fundamental phenomena but also to create various functions that contribute to the
development of humankind, making the best of its infinite flexibility effectively, and which promote
research with an eye to its various applications and deployment.
Given that background, this program divides its program promotion staff into three research
groups, and execute research works and education programs of doctoral students under close
cooperation of each groups. Some staff members concurrently participate in multiple research
groups. Others are promoting joint research with those of a different research group, thereby
producing a flexible and cross-cutting management structure.
3.1.2 Objective
The COE aims to elucidate the fundamental scientific principles underlying extensively
spatiotemporal flow phenomena from nanoscale to mega-scale, to foster human resources with high
practical application skills and internationalism who can exhibit originarities and further contribute
to development of human welfare, and to establish itself as the global core of flow dynamics
research and education.
Flow dynamics is a inter-disciplinary scientific field related to priority subjects such as various
science and engineering fields as aerospace engineering, geoengineering, environmental and energy
engineering, in particular. It plays an important role in solving of social issues of the society of the
21st century in terms of industrial development, environment, energy, and biotechnology. Its
objective is the establishment of an international research education center that carries out leading
research and practical education based on practicalism through diverse flow dynamics studies, and
education of next-generation young researchers who can plan and promote international
collaborative projects contributing to global scientific development.
Specifically, this Center consists of the following three groups: (1) the “Flow under Strong
Interference” research group deals with flows that interfere strongly with objects and
electromagnetic force, and aims at their unique applications such as the Aero-train, (2) the
“Shock-Wave-Driven Flow Mechanism” research group, which conducts research using effectively
a shock-wave phenomena that are symbolic of transient flows, and which aim to create a system that
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is useful for the mitigation of high-speed flow generation, a sonic boom, and an explosion disaster,
and (3) the “Energy and Material Flows” research group which treats circulation of heat and mass in
media including water, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and ion flow, and which aims to contribute to
resolving the environmental and energy problems.
The “Flow under Strong Interference group” studies of themes such as noise reduction of the
aircraft by design optimization, friction reduction mechanism by a diamond-like carbon coated
surface, optimization of a functional plasma flow system, and boundary interference on micro–nano
particles movement. The “Shock-Wave-Driven Flow Mechanism group” conducts research on
themes such as sonic boom mitigation by biplane theory, flame holding mechanism of a supersonic
jet engine, and flow field measurement with a molecular sensor. The “Energy and Material Flows
group” carries out research on topics such as solid–solid phase transition, hydrogen production by
sunlight, solid fuel cells, micro-combustors, and carbon capture and storage (CCS).
3.1.3 Special Features and Accomplishments
1. Degree of Purpose Achievement of Whole Establishment Plan of Research Education Center
of World’s Best Standards
This COE Program has created the scientific domain of Flow Dynamics and yielded
accomplishments such as proposing and proving the Aero-train for the first time in the world, while
promoting integration of knowledge and human resource development. Consequently, the GCOE has
won a high rating from interim assessment. Its principal accomplishments are listed below.
(1) Present state and accomplishments of human resource development:
This COE has taken the initiative in promoting the international exchange of young researchers
vigorously, sending them to mutual international internship programs, International Leading
Researcher Hatchery Programs, the International Space University, and international conferences, so
that it has fostered the human resources on a global level who will lead the next generation. 34
researchers were sent and 47 were accepted in mutual international internship programs. In all, 99
research assistants and teaching assistants were recruited for young researcher training. Furthermore,
10 international seminars were organized by young researchers. Many young researchers fostered by
this COE have found employment at universities and research institutions throughout the world, and
42 prizes were awarded to students instructed by the program promotion staff in these human
resource development programs.
(2) Present state and accomplishments with respect to research level:
This COE has published 13 volumes of flow dynamics lecture series, and constructed the
scientific principle of flow dynamics by creating a novel academic discipline out of the research
results. In all, 66 international conferences have been held, the research accomplishments of which
have been disseminated to the world. Particularly the “International Conference on Flow Dynamics”
was held four times. Each collected 394 participants (95 non-Japanese) from 20 countries on an
average. It is highly evaluated internationally, as evidenced by the fact that foreign participants
doubled during this period. Moreover, the program members of this COE has won 24 international
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prizes and 54 domestic prizes to date, and they have made great achievements such as accumulating
695 refereed journal papers in these five years. IFS is ranked first in Japan (5th worldwide) in the
field of fluid mechanics at the ratings by a domestic magazine. Tohoku University was ranked first
place in mechanical engineering and engineering overall in the number of research projects awarded
grant-in-aid in scientific research, in 2005 FY. Tohoku University was also ranked in ESI as 41st
worldwide (2nd place in Japan) in citation counts in the engineering field. Consequently, this COE
has contributed significantly to these creditworthy achievements.
(3) Present state and accomplishments of global activities:
IFS takes the initiative in managing 6 of 11 liaison offices of Tohoku University.
Representatives meetings of these liaison offices have been held four times, and an international
network has been constructed through the liaison offices, so that substantial researchers exchange
and international collaborative education and research are promoted. Moreover, Japan–France
industry–university cooperation workshop centering on institutions with the attached liaison office
has been held four times in and outside Japan. Such high activities in international research and
education development specialized in flow dynamics are unique and incomparable throughout the
world.
2. Accomplishments in respect of Human Resource Development, and Contribution to Center
Establishment
Multilateral policies of this COE to cultivate each student’s autonomy has encouraged students
to communicate actively in English, and improved students’ presentation skills at international
conferences, that have enhanced the incentives of students to disseminate their own academic
achievements outside. This clearly appears in the fact that students instructed by the program
members have received 20 best paper awards to date for presentations at international conferences, 8
outstanding lecture prizes to presentations in domestic conferences, and a total of 14 encouragement
prizes from academic societies, Presidential Prizes, etc. for their research accomplishments during
the five years period. Students fostered in such a manner have been employed as researchers at the
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology (AIST), as a researcher and Assistant Professor at Tohoku University or
The University of Tokyo, and as an Associate Professor and Assistant Professor of Savoie
University, France and University of Alabama, U.S.A. Consequently, it is demonstrated that the
policies described above contribute to fostering an eager and outstanding researcher greatly. The
accomplishments of each educational program are described below.
(1) Mutual international internship:
Doctoral students were provided with travel and hotel expenses and were requested to stay at
foreign research institutions for 1–3 months to participate in research projects there. Foreign students
were also invited from research institutions at which a liaison office is located. 34 students were sent
and 47 were accepted in five years. As this system has taken off, some students are now supported at
the expense of the foreign institutions.
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(2) Intensive course by top world educators:
World top educators and researchers were invited as part of education of internationally
oriented human resources, to hold an intensive lecture course. 36 lectures were given by 14
lecturers in five years.
(3) Double Degree Collaborative Education System:
The COE members took an initiative to inaugurate the double degree program between Tohoku
University and Qinghua University, China, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France and INSA-Lyon, France,
respectively.
(4) Support of symposia organized by students, and commendation system:
Student-organized sessions were planned and managed each time in the International
Conference on Flow Dynamics (four times). Best Presentation Awards for Students were established
for students at this international conference, at which a total of 28 students were honored. The COE
Aerospace Fluid Science Summer School was held four times, and the Japan – South Korea Student
Symposium by Seoul National University and Tohoku University was held five times in five years in
Seoul and Sendai alternately. The student session was conducted four times at the past four
International Conference on Flow Dynamics.
(5) International Leading Researcher Hatchery Program:
Especially outstanding doctoral students were selected, provided with a salary and research
funds, and directed to conduct research on their own judgment. This measure fostered tough
researchers who can lead and promote research. 10 students were awarded by this program in five
years.
(6) Part-time Research Assistant (Part-time RA) support
A total of 257 doctoral students were employed as Part-time Research Assistants (Part-time
RAs) during the 5 year period. In addition, two students from private enterprises were recruited by
the International Leading Researcher Hatchery Program.
(7) Industry–Academia–Government Cooperation Educational System Program:
Graduate students were dispatched to JAXA and other private enterprises, so that researchers
with practical knowledge were fostered. In all, 88 students were dispatched to 38 organizations.
Visiting professors were invited from research institutions such as JAXA, JAEA and other private
enterprises such as IHI Corp., within the fixed number of visiting professors of IFS to conduct
education and research. The Institute of Fluid Science and JAXA concluded a comprehensive
research partnership agreement in June, 2004 based on such experiences in exchanges. A
cooperation agreement was concluded between Tohoku University and JAXA in August, 2007. A
trans-disciplinary study integrating computation and experiment on supersonic biplane theory is on
its way. Moreover, IFS concluded a cooperation agreement with JAEA in April, 2005 and a joint
research work on safety of nuclear reactors was launched.
(8) Dispatching students to International Space University:
One doctoral student each year was dispatched to a summer session of the International Space
University, where about 100 young researchers and scientists from all over the world would attend
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from 30 countries. There were made, every year, remarkable educational accomplishments: many
students who participated in this program found employment at major research / educational
institutions domestically or abroad.
(9) Expanded support for education:
Personnel and faculty with abundant experience and knowledge in foreign countries were
assigned in the COE secretariat to support research from overseas and sending / receiving of students.
Coordinators and the secretariat were in charge of lodging arrangements and the necessary
formalities for going abroad of students accepted / sent or faculty and support for education for
students (orientation etc.), so that they contributed to sparing faculty’s time for research and
education. The fluid science interdisciplinary seminar (informal seminar) was held 40 times and
served as a salon for young researchers.
3. Creation of Novel Field and Construction of Scientific Principles such as Scientific
Knowledge in Research Activities
Integration of knowledge in the fundamental research area and human resource development
was promoted. The supersonic biplane and the Aero-train expected to lead to a next generation rapid
transit system have been proposed and proved for the first time in the world, and other scientific
accomplishments have spun off from there, such as diamond-like carbon coated surface project or
the Laputa project. The overviews of major research accomplishments obtained in this COE are
listed below.
As for scientific principle construction of Slow Dynamics in Complex Systems, the third
international symposium on “Slow Dynamics in Complex Systems” (elucidation of extremely slow
relaxation phenomena in complex systems) was held, where special lectures were given by four
Nobel laureates. An international conference was held and accomplishments were shared that would
enable us to create a novel discipline that includes “water” and “environment”, on scientific
principle construction of Water Dynamics. The examples of research accomplishments are presented
below.
(1) Fundamentals of highly efficient and low-noise passenger aircraft:
Optimal supersonic airplane designing was conducted for mitigating sonic booms, and a
low-boom shape that is indispensable for an actual supersonic biplane was discovered.
(2) Development of the Aerotrain:
Research and development were conducted for the Aerotrain, which uses ground effect (air
cushion effect) effectively. A verification test paving the way to actual operation was successful.
(3) The Laputa project:
An oceanic green cultivation plan was proposed and verified for the first time in the world,
enriches the sea surface with upwelling deep seawater that is rich in nutrient to the surface enabling
the effective use of ocean resources.
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4. Contribution to Tohoku University with Global Competitiveness
Three mutual foreign liaison offices have been opened since COE started. This COE manages 6
out of 11 liaison offices of Tohoku University, and plays a role at the center of its international
exchange.
Based on the mutual liaison office, Tohoku University and Institut National des Sciences
Appliquées de Lyon (INSA-Lyon) are conducting close Japan–France exchanges such as
international joint research and joint seminars. Based on these activities, the liaison has fostered
development of the JSPS–CNRS concentrated international joint project. Moreover, the international
joint laboratory JOYFLOW was founded between École Centrale de Lyon (ECL) and IFS.
This COE took the initiative to organize the first Tohoku University centennial commemoration
seminar in Tokyo, and played the central role also in the Göttingen forum of Tohoku University at
the University of Göttingen. Consequently, this COE has contributed greatly to improvement of the
international status of Tohoku University.
5. Information Dissemination to the World
This COE has held a total of 66 international conferences and has disseminated research
accomplishments based on international cooperation agreement to the world. Particularly, “The
International Conference on Flow Dynamics” gathered 394 participants (95 non-Japanese) from 20
countries on an average of four times. Increase in foreign participants every year demonstrates that
this center has been acknowledged internationally.
Information dissemination has been conducted to date with many publications including
third-party evaluation reports (published five times), newsletters (four times), Proceedings for the
International Conference on Flow Dynamics (published four times, including 2 CD-ROMs and 1
extended abstract), and AIP Conference Proceedings (three times). Furthermore, publication of all
13 volumes of the COE lecture series (in English) by this program has contributed to scientific
principle construction and to the discipline of flow dynamics.
(1) Scientific principle construction program
For scientific principle construction of nano–mega flow dynamics, the program promotion staff
have acted as the core and co-authored a text series for flow dynamics scientific principle
construction. The flow dynamics scientific principle of nano–mega scale, which is the goal of this
COE, was constructed through discussion for this writing and seminars, and was disseminated to the
world with the text series.
(2) Lecture series (Vols. 1–13)
An intensive course was given by top researchers and the accomplishments were published
from Tohoku University Press as the COE lecture series as follows.
Volume Title Description Author(s)
Vol. 1
Nano–Mega Scale
Flow Dynamics in
Energy System
1. Pioneering Work of THz Wave and Its Application for
Molecular Sciences
2. Gene Sensors: The Detection of Specific Targeted
Sequences on DNA
Jun-ichi Nishizawa (the
Order of Culture
recipient in 1989),
Alan J. Heeger (Nobel
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3. Electrical Impedance Analysis of Mammalian Cells
Prize winner in 2000)
and
Ivar Giaever (Nobel
Prize winner in 1973)
Vol. 2
Dynamic Behavior
of Condensed
Matter from
Comprehensive
Views of Flow
Dynamics
1. Introduction
2. Impact Loading of Solids
3. Impact Thermodynamics
4. 1-D Equations of Motion and Boundary Problem
5. Characteristics and Rarefaction Waves
Equations of Motion for Body with Strength
6. Equations of Motion for Body with Strength
7. Hydrocodes
8. Experimental Studies of the Dynamic Behavior of Solids
9. Experimental Studies of the Dynamic Behavior of Solids
10. Experimental Studies of Ceramics
Eugene Zaretsky
Vol. 3
A Wake Integration
Method for Airplane
Drag Prediction
1. Introduction
2. Near-field and Far-field Body Force Expressions
3. Lift and Drag Equation
4. Expansion of Lift and Drag Equations
5. Profile and Enthalpy Drag
6. Wave Drag Extraction from Profile Drag
7. Wave Drag Extraction: Oswatitschs Expression
8. Maskells Induced Drag
9. Trim Drag
10. Injected Mass Drag
11. Drag Correction Terms
12. Results and Discussion
13. Conclusions
Kazuhiro Kusunose
Vol. 4
Lateral and
Directional Flight
Dynamics and
Controllability of
Winged Reentry
Vehicles
1. Introduction
2. An Overview of the Development Program
3. The Challenges of Vehicle Design
4. Aerodynamic Characteristics
5. Lateral and Directional Equations of Motion
6. The Bank Angle Response of the Open Loop System
7. The Side Slip Angle Response of the Open Loop System
8. The Closed Loop System of Bank Angle Control
9. Discussion and Concluding Remarks
Koichi Yonemoto
Vol. 5
Aerodynamic
Design of
Supersonic Biplane:
Cutting Edge and
Related Topics
1. Introduction
2. History
3. A Biplane Concept for Wave Elimination
4. An Ideal Biplane Configuration, Licher Biplane
5. Supersonic-biplane Design Using Inverse Design Approach
6. Validation of Biplane Concept Using CFD Codes
7. Inversely Designed Biplanes
8. Extension of 2D Supersonic Biplane to 3D
9. Boom-less Body Studies
10. Experiment
11. Formation Flight
Kazuhiro Kusunose,
Shigeru Obayashi and 7
other authors
Vol. 6 Statistical Physics of
Complex Fluids
1. Hydrodynamic Interactions near the Colloidal Glass
Transition
2. Soft Jammed materials
3. Characterization of Material Properties: Spectroscopy
4. Structural Ordering and Phase Behavior of Charged
Colloids
Michio Tokuyama,
Eric R. Weeks,
Yoon-Hwae Hwang
and B.V.R. Tata
Vol. 7
Mathematical
Modeling of Mass
Transport in
Complex Media
1. Introduction
Part 1. Fundamentals of the Mathematical Modeling of
Transport Phenomena in Complex Media
Part 2. Mathematical Models of the Concrete Problems of
Mass Transport in Fractured Porous Media and Their
Solutions
Sergei Anatolevich
Fomin and
Vladimir Arkadievich
Chugunov
Vol. 8 The Earth Simulator
1. On the Earth Simulator Initiative and the Machine’s
Architecture
2. The Earth Simulator – Challenge to Tera-Scale Flow
Dynamics in Earth Sciences High Resolution Oceanic
Simulations
3. Simulation Studies of Solid Earth Dynamics on the Earth
simulator
- Theoretical Backgrounds, Tools and Outcrops -
Shigemune Kitawaki,
Hirofumi Sakuma and
Masanori Kameyama
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Vol. 9
Nano-Mega Scale
Flow Dynamics in
Energy System
1. Nano to Mega Scale Effect of Heat and Fluid Flow
2. Nano-Scale Energy and Mass Transport Phenomena
Involved in Fuel Cell
3. Combustion with Heat / Mass recirculation: From
microcombustion to Mega-scale Practical System
4. Microscopic Process of Turbulent Combustion and
Application to High-load Combustors
5. Instrumentation of mega-scale behavior of geothermal
fluids
6. Multiscale Flow and Its Control for CO2 Geological
Storage
7. Mega-scale fluid flow in complex subsurface fracture
systems
Shigenao Maruyama,
Toshiyuki Hashida,
Takatoshi Ito, Hiroaki
Niizuma, Jun’ichiro
Mizusaki, Hideaki
Kobayashi, Kaoru
Maruta and 9 other
authors
Vol. 10
Nano-Mega Scale
Flow Dynamics in
Highly Coupled
Systems
1. Nano-Mega Scale Wing in Ground Effects
2. Non-lubrication Sliding Mechanism and Nano-Micro
Ground Effect of a Fine Structure Diamond Surface
3. Particle Modeling of High Knudsen Number Flows and
Plasmas
4. Transport Phenomena in Nano-scale Solid–Liquid
Structures
5. Multi-scale Analysis of Flow Phenomena Including
Surface Reactions
Taku Ohara, Yasuaki
Kohama, Toshiyuki
Takagi, Takashi
Tokumasu and 2 other
authors
Vol. 11
Nano-Mega Scale
Flow Dynamics for
Advanced
Aerospace
Technology
Part 1: Advanced Experimental Flow Dynamics for
Aerospace Technology
Part 2: Advanced Computational Flow Dynamics for
Aerospace Technology
Kazuhiro Nakahashi,
Keisuke Sawada,
Shigeru Obayashi,
Keisuke Asai, Goro
Masuya and 5 other
authors
Vol. 12
Nano-Mega Scale
Flow Dynamics in
Complex Systems
1. Introduction
2. Complex Plasma Flow Dynamics
3. Mean-Field Theory of Glass Transitions
4. Advanced Multiphase Flow Dynamics
Hideya Nishiyama,
Yasuaki Kohama,
Michio Tokuyama, Jun
Ishimoto and 2 other
authors
Vol. 13
Role of Water in the
Research on Energy
and Environment
1. Photocatalytic Generation of Hydrogen through the
Accomplishment of Sulfur Cycle System
2. Development of Sulfur Recycling Process by
Hydrothermal Method
3. Hydrothermal Reactions to Convert Biomass Wastes into
Fuels and Value-added Products
4. Space Solar Power Systems
Kazuyuki Tohji and 16
other authors
(3) Organizing of international conferences
The International Conference on Flow Dynamics
1) First International Conference on Flow Dynamics
November 11–12, 2004 at Sendai International Center
General Chair: Prof. Shigenao Maruyama
Executive Committee Chair: Prof. Akihiro Saso
370 participants (incl. 67 non-Japanese from 17 countries)
Plenary lecture:
Dr. Hideki Ishida (INAX Corporation / Tohoku University, Japan), “Dynamic Activity of Water on
Nature Technology”
2) Second International Conference on Flow Dynamics
November 16–18, 2005 at Sendai International Center
General Chair: Prof. Shigenao Maruyama
Executive Committee Chair: Prof. Toshiyuki Takagi
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563 participants (incl. 100 non-Japanese from 20 countries)
Plenary lectures:
- Prof. Richard Perkins (École Centrale de Lyon, France) and “Urban Air Quality? the role of flow
structure”
- Prof. Sang Hee Hong (Seoul National University, Korea), “Applications of Thermal Plasma Flow
Systems to Nano-materials Synthesis”
3) Third International Conference on Flow Dynamics
November 7–9, 2006 at Hotel Taikanso (Matsushima, Miyagi)
General Chair: Prof. Shigenao Maruyama
Executive Committee Chair: Prof. Kazuhiro Nakahashi
229 participants (incl. 60 non-Japanese from 13 countries)
Plenary lectures:
- Prof. Wolfgang Schröder (RWTH Aachen University, Germany), “On Experimental and numerical
method to analyze wall-bounded and free shear flows”
- Prof. Patrick Bourgin (École Centrale Lyon, France), “Why Interdiffusion Stabilizes Stratified
Flows?”
- Dr. Rupak Biswas (Division chief, NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division NASA Ames
Research Center, USA) “Supercomputing for Large-Scale NASA CFD Applications”
4) Fourth International Conference on Flow Dynamics
September 26–28, 2007 at Sendai International Center
General Chair: Prof. Shigenao Maruyama
Executive Committee Chair: Prof. Michio Tokuyama
412 participants (incl. 150 non-Japanese from 26 countries)
Plenary lectures:
- Prof. H. Eugene Stanley (Boston University, USA), “New Results on Water in Bulk, Nanoconfined,
and Biological Environments”
- Prof. Thomas C. Corke (University of Notre Dame, USA), “Plasma Enhanced Aerodynamics:
Concepts, Optimization and Applications”
- Prof. R. G. Larson (University of Michigan, USA), “Addressing Unsolved Mysteries of Polymer
Viscoelasticity”
Major international conferences organized by the program promotion staff
1) INABIO
1st International Symposium on Intelligent Artifact and Bio-systems (INABIO)
February 24–25, 2004 at IFS
Chairperson: Prof. Toshiyuki Takagi
109 participants (incl. 29 non-Japanese from 8 countries)
Plenary lectures:
- Prof. Junji Tani, IFS, “Smart Materials and Structures System Project in Japan”
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- Prof. Kurt Ziebeck, Department of Physics, Loughborough University, “Magnetic Shape Memory
Materials”
- Prof. Pierre-Francois Gobin, INSA-Lyon, “Physical basis and trends of solid state ‘artificial
muscles’”
2nd INABIO
January 27–28, 2005 at INSA-Lyon, France
Chairpersons: Profs. J. Y. Cavaille (INSA Lyon) and Toshiyuki Takagi
65 participants (incl. 40 non-Japanese from 8 countries)
Plenary lectures:
- Prof. R. Goutte (INSA-Lyon), “New Trends in digital Imagery’’
- Prof. I. Lee (KAIST), “Characteristics of Smart Composite Wing with SMA Actuators and Optical
Fiber Sensors”
3rd INABIO & SEMBA
September 21–23, 2006 at Korean Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST)
Chairpersons: Profs. In Lee (KAIST) and Toshiyuki Takagi
129 participants (incl. 91 non-Japanese from 5 countries)
Plenary lectures:
- Prof. Jeremy Gilbert (U.S.A., Syracuse University), “Electrochemical Control of Biological
Interactions at the Metallic Biomaterial Interface: Fibrinogen Adsorption and cell-Surface”
- Prof. K. V. Rao (KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden), “A highly Sensitive Desk top
Magnetometer for Rapid Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biotechnology”
- Prof. Pascal Perriat (INSA-Lyon, France), “Nano-Hybrids for Biological Detection”
2) The Third international symposium on “Slow Dynamics in Complex Systems”
November 3–8, 2003 at IFS and la-la-la Hall, Sendai
Chairperson: Prof. Michio Tokuyama
383 participants
Plenary lectures by 4 Nobel laureates
- Prof. Ivar Giaever (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, U.S.A.): “Electrical Impedance Analysis of
Mammalian Cells”
- Prof. Robert B. Laughlin (Stanford University, U.S.A.): “Configurational Memory of RNA
Polymerase in Transcription Regulation”
- Prof. Steven Chu (Stanford University, U.S.A.): “Watching molecular systems work, one at a time”
- Prof. Alan J. Heeger (University of California, U.S.A.): “Ultrafast Photoinduced Electron Transfer:
“Superquenching” as a Route to Biosensors using Luminescent Conjugated Polymers”
- Prof. Jun’ichi Nishizawa (Institute of Physical and Chemical Research):
“Pioneering Work of THz Wave and Its Application for Molecular Sciences”
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3) International Workshop on Boundary Layer Transition Study
March 14–16, 2007 at Mimitsu Ken, Hyuga-shi, Miyazaki
Chairperson: Prof. Yasuaki Kohama
65 participants
6. Miscellaneous (Effect of establishment of a global research education center inside and
outside of Tohoku University)
This COE Program not only had great influence within the campus by its research
accomplishments and human resource development; it has contributed greatly to the development of
the international exchange of Tohoku University. Particularly this COE has actively managed half of
the liaison offices of Tohoku University, and has constructed an inter-university network through
liaison office meetings. The framework for the double degree program was constructed, which
contributes to student exchange. Furthermore, the framework of joint laboratory was constructed
with a university group in Lyon, France, which has contributed greatly to future international joint
research and industry–university cooperation.
Regarding academic aspects, Slow Dynamics and Water Dynamics were proposed to the world.
Holding a large-scale international conference on flow dynamics every year has built a foundation
for Tohoku University as the global center of flow dynamics. Overseas participants increase every
year, so that this conference has been turning to a global center in this discipline.
3.1.4 Posterior Assessment of the 21st Century COE (MEXT / JSPS)
Goals that were set beforehand have been accomplished sufficiently.
Particularly in relation to human resource development, young researchers have been fostered
actively through characteristic activities such as intensive courses by international researchers,
international symposia, mutual international internship, and publications of the COE lecture series.
However, regarding research activities, this COE has worked under a solid enforcement / rating
system as a center for enhancement of technical fields, founded three research programs, and
actively promoted cooperation with first-class domestic / foreign research institutes. It is highly
evaluated that this activity has ended up with numerous academic papers.
(On posterior assessment)
Objective
(1) It was evaluated whether the center establishment project was attained effectively along with the
set goals, and whether points of concern by the interim assessment results were corrected properly.
(2) The posterior assessment results are disclosed to each center and proper advice is given for
continued development of research and education activity after completion of a subsidized project
and its improvement and further development.
(3) The accomplishments of activities of each center are clarified and published to promote the
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research and education activities of each center, so that they might be understood and supported by
the public at large.
Utilization of evaluation results
The 21st Century COE Program committee reports the agreed posterior assessment result of
each center to MEXT, and discloses it to each center for continued development of the research and
education activity after completion of a subsidized project. The accomplishments and posterior
assessment result of activities of each center are compiled into a report after completion of rating,
which is widely disclosed to the public.
3.1.5 Amounts of Subsidies Delivered
Unit: 1,000 yen
Year of delivery Direct expense Indirect expense Total
2003 FY 114,000 ― 114,000
2004 FY 171,500 ― 171,500
2005 FY 173,700 ― 173,700
2006 FY 183,370 18,337 201,707
2007 FY 184,000 18,400 202,400
Total 826,570 36,737 863,307
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3.2 Global COE Program “World Center of Education and Research for
Trans-disciplinary Flow Dynamics”
3.2.1 Objective of Center Establishment
Flow dynamics is a comprehensive scientific domain closely related to issues human beings are
confronting such as energy, global environment, and life sciences. This global COE program is
based on accomplishments accumulated during the 21st Century COE Program “International COE
of Flow Dynamics”, and to expand and enrich them, so that the COE is established and continually
developed as a global center of flow dynamics education and research: The GCOE constructs the
fundamental scientific principle of trans-disciplinary flow dynamics by integration of
trans-disciplinary and multilateral research fields using an international network, and to establishes a
research education global center in flow dynamics as a comprehensive scientific domain by
promoting international cooperation of frontier project research works.
Moreover, the international network has been already constructed is elevated to a multistage
international network. Doctoral students are recruited with the International “Takenoko” (bamboo
shoot) Student Promotion Program, which invites outstanding human resources from in and outside
of Japan. This COE is intended to integrate knowledge through international cultural integration for
understanding multifaceted values through research activities in international joint laboratories and
the trans-disciplinary frontier project, and to foster human resources who carry academic ability to
exceed an international level and tough mental strength, can produce an original accomplishments
continually as key persons not only in the scientific field but widely in the international society, who
can exercise leadership in a future flow dynamics community worldwide.
3.2.2 Center Establishment Plan and Overviews
A multistage international network is constructed by 6 core exchange organizations with liaison
offices, 48 organizations with effective exchange agreements, and with researchers currently
working in joint researches with the GCOE members, etc. The framework of the international joint
laboratory is developed and used strategically, and substantial numbers of international joint
researches are promoted. A novel trans-disciplinary flow dynamics domain is created by
integration of flow dynamics into multiple scientific academic fields. The trans-disciplinary
frontier projects are promoted. Exchanges of young researchers are encouraged through these
international joint research projects, and creation of research accomplishments of world’s best
standards and fostering human resources are targeted by dispatching/accepting international
internship students.
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3.2.3 Originality and Special Features, and Current Activities
1. Contribution to University with Global Competitiveness
This COE has been further promoting measures for globalization developed and accumulated in
the effort of the 21st century COE. The establishment of an international center of flow dynamics is
being promoted steadily. Moreover, various programs are on their way as planned, aiming at
development of young human resources having a multifaceted view that is well internationalized,
and which is expected to lead the next generation.
The GCOE aims to let students receive the highest education through practical training at
cutting-edge research sites in the world. In cooperation with the Institute for International Advanced
Research and Education of Tohoku University, selected and scholarship awarded doctoral students
are to be educated there. An outstanding young researcher who did participate in this project was
recruited in 2008 FY as an Assistant Professor of the Institute for International Advanced
Interdisciplinary Research (now the Institute for Synergistic Interdisciplinary Research). Six
liaison offices managed by this COE are playing important roles as international exchange hubs of
Tohoku University. Specifically, multilateral international exchange has been implemented by
connecting each researcher to a multistage international network actively. Moreover, special sessions
by the liaison offices are held at the International Conference on Flow Dynamics (ICFD)”, where
construction of frameworks of worldwide networks and their management are discussed for further
promotion of the cooperation.
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Among them, in the ELyT Laboratory operated by international cooperation of CNRS,
INSA-Lyon and ECL, all French organizations, and Tohoku University, the GCOE is positioned as a
core operating organization. The French group, as the University of Lyon, and Tohoku University
are performing active exchanges in international joint research projects. The international workshop,
ELyT Lab Workshop is held every year by the co-sponsorship of ECL / INSA-Lyon / CNRS /
Tohoku University since 2008 FY. Furthermore, IFS is promoting three joint international research
projects under the International Joint Laboratory of Flow Dynamics (FLOWJOY) with ECL and
INSA-Lyon. These GCOE activities not only activate this group’s international joint research, but
contribute to the advancement of global competencies of Tohoku University as a whole dramatically.
The Global Thirty Program by MEXT was awarded in 2009 FY to Tohoku University, among which,
88% of the members of the GCOE are playing active roles.
These activities of this GCOE are so highly evaluated that IFS received the highest mark of all
current research activities and research accomplishments as the department rating performed by
National Institution for Academic Degrees in 2009 FY (only the Institute for Materials Research and
IFS out of 21 departments of Tohoku University). Moreover, IFS has been accredited as a joint
usage / research center since 2010 FY, and aims to be an international joint research center. This
GCOE made a significant contribution also to this accreditation.
2. Current Educational Activities
The GCOE has enhanced measures for globalization accumulated in the 21st century COE.
Establishment of an international center on flow dynamics is being promoted steadily. Moreover,
various programs are undergone as planned, aiming at development of young students having
multifaceted view, with international experiences, and willing to shoulder the expectation of leading
the next generation.
In educational aspects, this GCOE aims at development of human resources who can play an
active part internationally, and offer RA support of various kinds, such as the “International
Internship at Joint Laboratories”, the “International Leading Researcher Hatchery Program” to bring
up doctoral students with autonomy, and to dispatch to International Space University (ISU). The
Global Exchange Education and Research Program lets young researchers make being research
trained at multiple education and research organizations. Consequently, the original research
program is under way with no trouble. Particularly, a professor who has experties in international
education goes abroad for written examination and interviewing in “the International “Takenoko”
Student Promotion Program”, which is to recruit master’s students in and outside Japan for doctoral
courses of Tohoku University. Furthermore, accomplishments beyond the original plan are
achieved in raising internationally educating young generations, as in the Tohoku Lyon ELyT
School conducted every year in Lyon, France or in Sendai, Japan.
Educational programs are in progress as originally planned, including the “International
“Takenoko” (bamboo shoot) Student Promotion Program (“TAKENOKO”)”, the “International
Leading Researcher Hatchery Program (“HATCHERY”)”, the “Global Exchange Education and
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Research Program”, the “International Internship at Joint Laboratories”, and “Dispatch to
International Space University.”
A fair selection and valuation process is necessary to secure to recruit outstanding human
resources from within and outside Japan. This GCOE specifies application guidelines in offering of
each educational program to recruit human resources corresponding to them. Particularly criteria for
evaluation that can evaluate skills and capabilities of the students systematically, relative ranking at
entrance examinations, the number of presented papers, awards, etc. were set up and quantified, so
that applications from various specialties can be responded. Students for various programs and
Research Assistants (RAs) are recruited according to the criteria. Subsequent evaluation of research
performance shows that this criteria yielded good results in evaluating and selecting students of
different career paths or specialties. Furthermore, English skills and the number of presented
papers are quantified for offering the positions of RAs. This contributes also to raising a student’s
motivation.
A written examination is necessary for applications from abroad. Documents, examinations, and
interviews are insufficient for a perfect rating in recruiting from abroad in “TAKENOKO”. However
outstanding human resources have come to apply when a written examination is imposed.
(1) Basic policy of development plan of characteristic
human resources
This GCOE aims at raising of the following human
resources through education research activities such as
integration with different fields based on flow dynamics,
multilateral research integration, and cultural integration:
i) human resources with originality to create an innovation
science and technology frontier by integration of flow
dynamics and different fields,
ii) human resources with multifaceted values who can attain
international cultural integration using research in the international joint laboratory opened in
multiple countries and international internship, and
iii) human resources to be the core of a future flow dynamics world community with multiple
scientific domains and international human networks as well as academic ability to exceed the global
standard.
(2) Original programs to foster internationally oriented human resources
(a) International Leading Researcher Hatchery Program:
In addition to supporting the students by hiring them as RA, research encouragement fund
money is provided to the students, which fund money each student can spend at his/her own disposal
(8 students recruited in 2008–11 FYs).
(b) The International “Takenoko” (bamboo shoot) Student Promotion Program:
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This is a program for recruiting outstanding PhD students from in and outside Japan. Successful
applicants after passing the ordinary entrance exam of the Schools of Tohoku University are assured
have the right to enter the doctoral course not less than one year and are guaranteed for reasonable
scholarship payment by being hired as an RA (28 domestic and 5 foreign, a total of 33 recruited
in 2008–11 FYs, 10 out of 24 domestic DCs are awarded as JSPS Research Fellowship for
Young Scientists afterward).
(c) International Internship at Joint Laboratories:
Research projects promoted by the international joint laboratory are conducting joint research
which dispatch and receive doctoral students to and from foreign joint research partner sites.
Substantial trainings in research are accomplished. The professor who has broad and wide
experiences in international education interviews every time the students before and after the
internship period (23 dispatched and 24 received during the period of 2008–11 FYs).
(d) Global Exchange Education and Research Program:
Young researchers such as PDs with a broad view and generous heart are cultivated by letting
them stay in several countries with different cultures for several months to about one year to provide
opportunities for cultural integration (3 PDs and 3 doctoral students sent in 2008–11 FYs).
(e) Dispatch to International Space University:
One student is dispatched to the International Space University (ISU) each year. The student is
to organize the International Space University Lecture Meeting proactively after returning.
Consequently, this activity contributes to acquisition of a global view and internationalism, and
raising of strong leadership sense. Past cases have demonstrated that students who participate in this
program have come to play an active part in educational institutions at Tohoku University and other
institutions.
(f) Sending young researchers to international conferences:
Young researchers are provided with opportunities to present their own research results at
international conferences. Thereby human resources are developed to play an active role
internationally (11 in 2008 FY, 16 in 2009 FY, 15 in 2010 FY, 15 in 2011 FY; a total of 57 sent).
(3) Projects with special features where young researchers can fully demonstrate their abilities
(a) International conferences / symposia organized / managed by students:
Students organize / manage international conferences on their own judgment every year.
Managing in English by themselves improves their English communications skills markedly.
Continuation of this project has revealed educational effects even on younger students, such as
master’s students. An award system was also introduced into program in which students examine
and nominate by themselves, in addition to the ordinary examination by faculty members. This
deepens the contents of student discussions much more, and enhances the satisfaction of the winners.
(b) Presentation meeting for young researchers:
A research presentation meeting for RA students is held every year. Students manage it
independently, carry out peer review to presentations, and give awards. Experiencing peer review
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supports a deep understanding of the details of research in different fields, so that researchers with
multifaceted views are produced. Research fund money is offered to highly scored presenters, which
is efficient also for young researchers’ improvement in incentives. This plan was realized based on a
voluntary proposal from young researchers.
(c) Doctoral training camp seminar:
Seminars are organized for doctoral students where seniors highly experienced in taking active
parts in various fields in universities or enterprises are invited to speak of their experiences and
knowledge. This seminar, which is held overnight at nearby facilities, is useful for information
exchange of honest feelings of engineers / scientists in the real world, and encourages the young
students to consider by aiming high with ambitions about their future. This plan was also
implemented based on a voluntary proposal from young researchers (five times since 2009 FY).
(d) The Summer School – ELyT School in Lyon/Sendai:
With the cooperation of the three French institutions, INSA-Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon and
CNRS, Tohoku University opens the summer school, ELyT School in Lyon/Sendai each year
starting from FY2009, alternately in Lyon or in Sendai. The GCOE takes the major responsibility
and actually organizes and operates the summer school each year. At the first ELyT School in
Lyon 2009, Tohoku University dispatched 20 students to Lyon, France (ECL and INSA-Lyon).
The students have been experienced varieties of scientific and social activities and events such as,
academic lectures given by prominent French and Japanese professors, students’ own presentations
and discussions about their own research works and future plans, French language courses, tour of
CERN (European Center of Nuclear Research) and so on. In 2010, we received 23 students from
France and other countries as Australia, Russia, Korea and China and opened the ELyT School in
Sendai 2010 at in Katahira campus of Tohoku University. The students from abroad had similar
experiences as the Japanese students took last year as, academic lectures, laboratory tours, Japanese
cultural experiences, visit of an authentic Japanese temples, visit of Tohoku Electric Power’s
Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant and so on. There are lots of chances of exchanges between foreign
and Tohoku University students and researchers. The students rally enjoyed and left many
appreciation messages. In 2011, we Tohoku University dispatched 30 students to France for the
ELyT School in Lyon 2011, and in 2012, we received 29 students from France and from China for
the ELyT School in Sendai 2012.
The same professor who is experienced in international businesses and education is working for
the ELyT School as the organizer and the principal.
The ELyT School activities have been contributing a lot for the international education of
graduate students. It must be desirable to extend the educational activities to Master Course and
Undergraduate students, since such an experience at an younger age would be more effective and
influential.
(e) Cooperation with the Innovative Leaders Platform, Tohoku University:
Lecture meetings are held in cooperation with the Management School to instruct participants
in how to take leadership after a doctoral student completes a degree and gets a job at an enterprise.
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The regular students of the Management School are provided with the incentives.
(f) Assignment of research supporters:
In addition to the GCOE Program Members, young researchers from associate professors and
assistant professors are designated as GCOE Program Supporters and work diligently for better
accomplishment of GCOE goals. Each Program Supporter belongs to each trans-disciplinary flow
dynamics research domain and is in charge of management of his/her own project, and also is
granted some extra research funds to conduct their research activities.
(4) The GCOE Education Committee and Research Committee
Decision of the basic policy of various educational programs and selection of awarded students
are conducted in the GCOE Education Committee, the members of which are comprising from the
Program Leader of the GCOE, two member professors of the GCOE, Head of Tohoku University
Division of Mechanical Engineering, Chair person of the Academic Affairs Committee of the
Division and the two GCOE professors. This committee maintains close contact with the academic
affairs committee of the Division of Mechanical Engineering, so that educational programs
conducted in the GCOE function effectively in the education programs of the Division of
Mechanical Engineering and the School of Engineering of Tohoku University.
Professor Maruyama, the GCOE Leader is with the Executive Committee of the International
Advanced Research and Education Organization (IAREO) that aims at human resource development
of the trans-disciplinary region. The former President of IAREO was an IFS faculty member
(Toshiaki Ikohagi, ex-Director of IFS). Consequently, human resource development has been
approached in cooperation with IAREO.
Recruiting in the “TAKENOKO” program and of various RAs is conducted with multistage
international networks such as liaison offices, and human resources are internationally and openly
invited. Particularly the selection of “TAKENOKO” students is conducted by an experienced
professor travelling abroad for interviews and written examinations and having discussions with
accepting instructors. There was even a case in which an application from a student of India IIT
Mumbai, with an acceptance rate at the entrance exam is usually as low as one in 1,500 applicants in
India, was declined. Applicants from Tohoku University are clearly shown criteria for selection,
such as TOEIC / TOEFL scores, the number of presented papers, awards, and are finally chosen by
the decision of the GCOE Education Committee. A follow-up survey of the students accepted by
the GCOE Programs, such as the subsequent adoption by JSPS programs also verifies that the GCOE
selection system is functioning effectively.
Post-doctoral Fellows (PDs) are recruited by overseas invitation on the internet and public
offerings via multistage international networks. Although adoption or rejection thereof is decided by
selection in the Research Committee of the GCOE, the internationalism of this GCOE is highly
appreciated and those to be working for the projects conducted internationally through the activities
of international joint laboratories or joint international research projects are assigned higher priority.
The students and PDs involved in GCOE educational programs undergo hearings every year, in
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which they are told about continuation judgment and comments on research policy. Consequently,
human resource development corresponding to the policy of this GCOE is being conducted.
(5) Accomplishments of human resource development
Doctoral students and PDs who have accomplished excellent results in the GCOE Program
and/or in the 21st Century COE Program are playing active rolea in domestic and foreign research
institutions, private enterprises, as well as in Tohoku University. The figure below shows the place
of employment of doctoral students who received support from this GCOE and who have earned
degrees. Of them, 35% of 131 supported doctoral students have found employment at domestic or
foreign private enterprises. Many students found jobs at foreign research institutions and enterprises.
Most such students working abroad have experienced an international internship. This
accomplishment of this program in this GCOE fosters internationally oriented human resources.
(Places of employment in overseas universities,
research institutions, and private enterprises)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Carnegie
Mellon University, and Lam Research Corp.
(United States), MDA Space Missions (Canada),
DLR, Robert Bosch GmbH, (Germany), INRIA
(France), a Sweden Royal College of
Engineering (Sweden), Chonbuk National
University, LG Chem, Korea Institute of Energy
Research, Korea Aerospace Research Institute
(South Korea), Beijing University of Aeronautics
& Astronautics, Chongqing Automobile Institute,
The Chongqing University of Technology
(China), Shiraz University (Iran), Sultan Qaboos University (Oman), etc.
(Places of employment in domestic universities and research institutions)
Tohoku University, Kyoto University, Hokkaido University, Nagoya University, Kyushu University,
Keio University, Ritsumeikan University, Sophia University, Nihon University, Science University
of Tokyo, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nagoya Institute of Technology,
Hokkaido Institute of Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Okayama University, Kanazawa
Institute of Technology, Iwate University, Nagaoka University of Technology, Miyagi University,
Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Japan Atomic Energy
Agency, the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, etc.
(Places of employment in domestic private enterprises)
Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., Honda R&D Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Aircraft Corp., Hitachi Ltd.,
