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The Evolution of Pieces ofThe Evolution of Pieces of
Global GovernanceGlobal Governance
By: Cheunboran Chanborey
Political communities throughout history have tried to establish norms and rules for interacting with their neighbors.
Confucius: norms of moderation in interstate relations and condemnation of the use of violence
Greeks sought to establish permanent protective alliances among the city-states to address conflicts
Christian leaders should form political alliance against violators of the prevailing norms, the Pope could arbitrate any disputes.
Introduction
The right of state to choose its religion and determine its own domestic policies.
The prohibition of interference from supranational authorities like Church.
Sovereignty is the core of the state system. However, many scholars have rejected the concept that
states have complete freedom to do whatever they wish as any event has regional and global implication.
State System and Its Weaknesses
Contemporary state system is the matter of dispute between three approaches: Realist view of Machiavelli Rationalist view of Grotius Revolutionist view of Kant
What do YOU THINK?
Continued…
1. Concert of Europe
Informal intergovernmentalism (multilateral meeting), established in 1815 for the purpose of settling problems and coordinating actions.
A concert of major powers making system-wide decisions by negotiation and consensus, multilateral consultation, collective diplomacy, and special status for great powers.
The Concert convenes over 30 meeting. The last meeting took place in Berlin in 1878.
Governance in 19th Century
2. Public International Unions
Functional cooperation and coordination in Europe:
International Telegraph Union – 1865
Universal Postal Union (UPU) – 1874
International Chamber of Commerce – 1874
International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) – 1923
Governance in 19th Century
3. The Hague System
In 1899 and 1907, Czar Nicholas II convened two conferences in The Hague, involving both European and non-European states to think proactively about what techniques to prevent war.
The Convention for Pacific Settlement of International Disputes
Ad hoc International Commissions of Inquiry
Permanent Court of Arbitration - 1899
Governance in 19th Century
Due to the massive destruction of WWI People started to think of post-war system.
League of Nations was created in 1919.
Principles: (1) respect and preserve the territorial integrity and political independence (2) collective security
Main Organs:
The Council (P4: Britain, France, Italy, and Japan)
Assembly and Secretariat
Two autonomous organization: PCIJ, ILO
The League of Nations – 20th Century Multilateralism
The League of Nations failed to prevent Italy from invading Ethiopia in 1935.
It failed to halt Japan invading Manchuria in 1939.
It could not prevent WWII from erupting.
What are the reasons behind its failure?
Related to the UN: FAO, IAEA, ICAO ILO, UNHCR, UNDP, UNEP, UNESCO….
Bretton Woods Institutions: IMF, WB, and GATT/WTO
Regional functional organizations: African & Asian Development Bank, Arab Monetary Fund, OPEC, Pa American Organizations.
Functional and Specialized Organizations
International: ICJ and ICC International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea WB Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism
Regional: African Court of Justice Central American Court of Justice Court of Justice of the Andean Community EU Court of Justice
Specialized Courts: Court of Justice of Benelux Economic Union European Court of Human Rights Inter-American Court of HRs
International and Regional Courts