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8/2/2019 3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
Geography GCSE RevisionGeography GCSE Revision
EdexcelEdexcel
Specification ASpecification A
8/2/2019 3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
Getting Organised!Getting Organised!
E.G.E.G. MonMon TuesTues WedWed ThuThu FriFri Sat Sat SunSun
16/0416/04
23/0423/04
30/0430/04
07/0507/05
14/0514/05
21/0521/05
8/2/2019 3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
The Economic World
Economic Systems Farming Secondary IndustriesSectors of Industry Characteristics of Farming Factors affecting location of
secondary activities
Employment structure as an
indicator of differencesbetween countries
How farming is changing ICT in Bracknell
How patterns change over time EU - CAP Informal/Formal industry
Case StudiesDETAILS = Marks Rice farming in the
PhilippinesEU changes in UK Whathappened to Mr Redfernsfarm?
Bracknell, which companies?Where were they located?Names of roads, industrialestates etc?Fiat in Brazil Similar detailsas above. Mention the cities,the employment nos etc.
8/2/2019 3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
Sectors of IndustrySectors of IndustryMost of this section is examined on paper 3H/1FMost of this section is examined on paper 3H/1F
What are they?What are they?
How do employment patterns differHow do employment patterns differbetween countries?between countries?
How do employment patterns change overHow do employment patterns change overtime?time?
How can you display all of this graphically?How can you display all of this graphically?
8/2/2019 3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
Key Qs: Farming systems have different characteristics(What are they?)All farming systems have been experiencingchange (What are they?)
Economic World PRIMARY ACTIVITY
Farming as a System
InputsSunlightRainfall / watersupplyLand / soil
Labour(workforce)Capital (money)Seeds / fertiliser/ pesticidesanimals
ProcessesCultivation of cropse.g. ploughing,
irrigationRearing of animals
Outputs Crops Animals Animal
productse.g. milk /meat
Outputs:a) To sellb) Farmers own
use
Feedback
Factors Affecting FarmingSocial & Economic FactorsLabour
Capital (money
Technology
Markets
Government
Environmental Factors
Climate
Relief
Soil
Do you know your case studies?Intensive Wet Rice Farming PhilippinesEU Changes in the UK (CAP)
Types of Agriculture1. Enterprise:ArablePastoralMixed2. Intensity of Production:IntensiveExtensive
3. Subsistence/Commercial
CAP Make sure you know what is this and what
changes it brought:
Diversification
Set-aside
Quotas
List
examples
of other
primary
activities.
8/2/2019 3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
Types of FarmingTypes of Farming
Global General KnowledgeGlobal General KnowledgeType of FarmingType of Farming ExampleExample
Nomadic HuntingNomadic Hunting Aborigines, AustraliaAborigines, Australia
Nomadic herdingNomadic herding Maasai in KenyaMaasai in Kenya
Shifting cultivationShifting cultivation Amerindians in AmazoniaAmerindians in Amazonia
Intensive subsistenceIntensive subsistenceagricultureagriculture
Rice farming in the GangesRice farming in the GangesDeltaDelta
Plantation agriculturePlantation agriculture Sugar cane in BrazilSugar cane in Brazil
Livestock ranchingLivestock ranching(commercial pastoral)(commercial pastoral)
Beef on the PampasBeef on the Pampas
Cereal cultivationCereal cultivation Canadian PrairiesCanadian Prairies
Mixed farmingMixed farming NetherlandsNetherlands
Mediterranean agricultureMediterranean agriculture Southern ItalySouthern Italy
IrrigationIrrigation Nile Valley, CaliforniaNile Valley, California
UnsuitableUnsuitable Sahara Desert Sahara Desert
SpecialisationSpecialisationArableArablePastoralPastoralMixedMixed
Economic Status:Economic Status:Commercial farmingCommercial farmingSubsistence farmingSubsistence farmingIntensity of LandIntensity of LandUse:Use:ExtensiveExtensive
IntensiveIntensivePoliticalPoliticalOrganicOrganicWhat do all of theseWhat do all of theseproduce?produce?
8/2/2019 3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
Factors Affecting FarmingFactors Affecting Farming
Human Factors
Government aid
Fertiliser
Mechanisation
Marketing
Size of farm
Competition forland
Relief
Temperature
Physical Factors
Soils
Rainfall
8/2/2019 3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
Wet Rice FarmingWet Rice Farming
LocationLocation
Maximo Casiendos farm at Barangay BayMaximo Casiendos farm at Barangay Bay
The Flora CommunityThe Flora Community
8/2/2019 3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
Case Study: Changes affectingCase Study: Changes affecting
Farming Systems in the EUFarming Systems in the EU Home Farm, West Midlands But where is this???Home Farm, West Midlands But where is this??? Sheep worth less than crisps!Sheep worth less than crisps! Set aside:Set aside:1.1. EU funded scheme to reduce surplusesEU funded scheme to reduce surpluses2.2. Farmers are paidFarmers are paid notnot to grow anything for 5 yearsto grow anything for 5 years
(left fallow)(left fallow)3.3. Payment = up to 300 per year!Payment = up to 300 per year!4.4.
Diversification to Caravans and B&BDiversification to Caravans and B&B5.5. Renting land out for GrazingRenting land out for Grazing6.6. BUTBUT Think about what has happened in 2008 toThink about what has happened in 2008 to
farming and foodfarming and food
8/2/2019 3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
Common Agricultural PolicyCommon Agricultural Policy
Created in 1962Created in 1962 Aims:Aims:1.1. To protect farmers incomesTo protect farmers incomes2.2. To ensure reasonable and steady prices for consumersTo ensure reasonable and steady prices for consumers3.3. To increase production to provide sufficient foodTo increase production to provide sufficient food
suppliessupplies4.4. Grants and subsidiesGrants and subsidies money for farmers who farm inmoney for farmers who farm in
difficult areasdifficult areas5.5. Price supportPrice support a guaranteed minimum price fora guaranteed minimum price for
agricultural produce (may cause surplusesagricultural produce (may cause surpluses6.6. Not sustainableNot sustainable big changes in current news articlesbig changes in current news articles
look them up.look them up.
8/2/2019 3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
Case Study: How is FarmingCase Study: How is Farming
Changing?Changing? Diversification:Diversification:1.1. This is when farmers develop business initiatives other thanThis is when farmers develop business initiatives other than
farmingfarming2.2.
Examples:Examples:a)a) Barns converted in to holiday cottages, garden centres and farmBarns converted in to holiday cottages, garden centres and farmshopsshops
b)b) Tea shopsTea shops Agribusinesses:Agribusinesses:1.1. LargeLarge--scale, highly efficient farmsscale, highly efficient farms
2.2. Organised on scientific and business principlesOrganised on scientific and business principles3.3. Includes a chain of suppliers and retailersIncludes a chain of suppliers and retailers4.4. Belongs to a group of other farmsBelongs to a group of other farms5.5. Able to reduce cost of inputsAble to reduce cost of inputs economies of scaleeconomies of scale
8/2/2019 3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
Quick QuizQuick Quiz
1. Make a list of all the factors that affect farming1. Make a list of all the factors that affect farming you mind find ityou mind find iteasier to split them into physical and human factors.easier to split them into physical and human factors.
2. What are:2. What are:
a)a) Arable farmsArable farmsb)b) Pastoral farmsPastoral farms
c)c) Mixed farms?Mixed farms?
3. Explain what is meant by the following:3. Explain what is meant by the following:
a)a) Intensive farmsIntensive farms
b)b) Extensive farmsExtensive farmsc)c) Subsistence farmsSubsistence farms
d)d) Commercial farmsCommercial farms
4. What does CAP stand for?4. What does CAP stand for?
5. What is diversification?5. What is diversification?
8/2/2019 3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
Factors affecting the location ofFactors affecting the location of
secondary industriessecondary industries
What is needed?
Land Raw materials
Energy
Transport/communications (links)Labour
Market
EnvironmentCapital
8/2/2019 3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
Economic Activities:1. The location of manufacturing industries2. The location of distribution industries
The Economic World SECONDARY ACTIVITIES
C Dunne 2005
Industry as a System
InputsRaw materialsLandLabour
PowerTransportCapital (money)
ProcessesMaking the goodsProcessPackaging
Distribution
Outputs Finished
product forthe consumer
or to otherindustries
Wasteproducts
Profit or LossProfit Reinvested
Uganda
UK
Employment Structure label and explain. The first chunk isprimary, the second secondary and the last tertiary.
What other types of
economic activity
are there?
Location of IndustryWhere?
Why?
Case Studies:Heavy industry
e.g. iron & steel Industry
Footloose Industry
e.g. Hi-tech industry
Distribution Industry e.g.
Argos, Stafford
Can you interpret aTriangular Graph?
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
HighHigh--Tech IndustriesTech Industries
Bracknell Computer DevelopmentBracknell Computer Development
Why have they located here? (Where is it exactly?)Why have they located here? (Where is it exactly?) The following may give you a few clues but make sureThe following may give you a few clues but make sure
you have reyou have re--read the case study.read the case study. These may be described as footloose because they areThese may be described as footloose because they are
not really restricted by the location factors of rawnot really restricted by the location factors of rawmaterials e.g. pc factoriesmaterials e.g. pc factories
Tend to opt for locations near major route ways e.g. M4Tend to opt for locations near major route ways e.g. M4/ M11 corridors You must mention the roads./ M11 corridors You must mention the roads.
Also locate near university sites (Which Ones?)Also locate near university sites (Which Ones?)research facilitiesresearch facilities Would prefer sites that area aesthetically pleasing forWould prefer sites that area aesthetically pleasing for
their workers, Like what? Where?their workers, Like what? Where?YOU NEED TO KNOW THIS CASE STUDY!
8/2/2019 3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
Formal and Informal sectorsFormal and Informal sectors
What are the differences?What are the differences?
What characterises an informal sector job?What characterises an informal sector job?
What is the advantage of a formal sectorWhat is the advantage of a formal sectorjob?job?
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
Some industries are classed asSome industries are classed as
Heavy Industry e.g. Iron and steelHeavy Industry e.g. Iron and steel South WalesSouth Wales e.g. Ebbw Vale, Merthyr Tydfile.g. Ebbw Vale, Merthyr Tydfil
Natural Advantages:Natural Advantages:
1.1. CoalfieldsCoalfields
2.2. LimestoneLimestone3.3. Iron oreIron ore
4.4. Flat site (of Valley)Flat site (of Valley)
5.5. River (Rhonda)River (Rhonda) cooling finished productcooling finished product
6.6. Local settlementsLocal settlements work forcework force
7.7. Port (gateway to the British EmpirePort (gateway to the British Empire market)market)8.8. These areas are where industry used to be but then it moved forThese areas are where industry used to be but then it moved for
several reasons.several reasons.
8/2/2019 3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
How did location factorsHow did location factors
change?change? Empire countries gained independenceEmpire countries gained independence moremore
competition; market not as strongcompetition; market not as strong
Coal and iron ore reserves were becoming exhaustedCoal and iron ore reserves were becoming exhausted(running out!); seams were too thin to mine or(running out!); seams were too thin to mine orinaccessible (making it more expensive to mine)inaccessible (making it more expensive to mine)
Original valley site not big enough for modern factoriesOriginal valley site not big enough for modern factories
Coastal areas were better as they were the areas whereCoastal areas were better as they were the areas where
relatively cheap imported materials were coming inrelatively cheap imported materials were coming in There were better places in the world to make thingsThere were better places in the world to make things
that were cheaperthat were cheaper Place like Britain got rid of lots ofPlace like Britain got rid of lots oftheir industries to countries like Brazil.their industries to countries like Brazil.
8/2/2019 3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
BrazilBrazil -- FiatFiat
What is a Trans National Company (TNC)What is a Trans National Company (TNC)
Why did Fiat move from Italy to Brazil?Why did Fiat move from Italy to Brazil?
Why did Fiat expand in Brazil?Why did Fiat expand in Brazil?
8/2/2019 3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]
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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008
Quick QuizQuick Quiz
Name the 4 types of industryName the 4 types of industry
How does this classification help when talking about theHow does this classification help when talking about theemployment structure and development of a country?employment structure and development of a country?
Briefly define/explain the term systemBriefly define/explain the term system
List the important factors when considering the locationList the important factors when considering the locationof industryof industry
What is heavy industry?What is heavy industry?
Which case study? Where? Why? What happened?Which case study? Where? Why? What happened? What is a footloose industry?What is a footloose industry?