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3 July 2015 2 3 Background Information Objectives Methodology Results Discussion Conclusion ...

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Amref Health Africa in Kenya Amref Health Africa in Kenya
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Amref Health Africa in KenyaAmref Health Africa in Kenya

April 19, 2023 2

Malaria prevalence and mean parasite density in asymptomatic population of

western Kenya ..

Tabitha Abongo | AMREF KenyaAMREF International conference

Safari Park Hotel Nairobi24th -26th November 2014

April 19, 2023 3

Presentation Outline

April 19, 2023 4

Background Information

April 19, 2023 5

Research Objectives

April 19, 2023 6

Study Area

April 19, 2023

Study AreaStudy Area

Fig. 1: The location of study area in Kenya and the cluster of homesteads utilized for data collection

April 19, 2023 8

Methodology

April 19, 2023 9

…Methodology

Results

Where; BS= blood smear, MP= malaria prevalence, and MPD= mean parasite Where; BS= blood smear, MP= malaria prevalence, and MPD= mean parasite densitydensity

Age groups BS Asexual(%) Gametes(%) MP(%) MPD/μℓ blood

0-11 months 11 45.5 9.1 45.5 104

12-23 months 12 41.7 16.7 58.8 1844

2-4 years 137 63.5 5.8 67.2 3744

5-9 years 177 55.9 4.5 61.6 1952

10-14 years 181 43.1 0 44.2 680

≥15 years 330 31.2 0.6 31.5 232

Total 848 44.5 2.2 46.8 568

Results

•Malaria prevalence of 46.8% (397/848) was obtained from 848 repeat blood smears. •Non-uniform significant difference in three-monthly interval incidence rates were detected (t=5.771, df=6, p=0.029).

•The MPD for children 2-9 years and other age-groups differed significantly (t=3.356, df=6, p=0.015), probably due to differences in immune response to malaria.

• Children 12-23 months old were most gametogonic (16.7%, 2/12);

• While those 2-4 year olds had high prevalence (67.2%; 92/137) and an MPD of 3,744-parasites/µℓ blood.

Discussion

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•The malaria prevalence of about 47% found in this study compares favorably to an average of 42% reported in Nyanza region in 2012 (Malaria by Numbers, 2012).

•Children 2-4 years were asymptomatic, carrying a mean parasite densities (3,7443,744)in excess of critical threshold of more than 1000 parasites/µℓ blood compared to infants and children ≥15 years.

• Children 2-4 years were the main malaria reservoir in the population at Kopere Village.

•The findings indicate that Malaria transmission is stage-specific and density-dependent, and is at peak when critical parasite densities are in excess of 1,000-parasites/µℓ blood.

Conclusion

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•The Malaria prevalence of about 47% was obtained among asymptomatic population in Kopere village.

•Mean parasite density determined for children 2-4 years exceeds the critical threshold of 1,000-parasite/µℓ blood, above which gametogony is initiated.

Recommendations

•Targeted control, which lowers the asexual parasite densities below the critical threshold are required to reduce malaria transmission.

•We propose that the MPD can be used to evaluate short-term malaria control;

• However a more controlled study design is required to confirm the ability of MPD as a sensitive tool, which can be used to monitor short-term malaria control.

Acknowledgments

• Andrew A. Obala

• Tabitha M. Abongo

• Helen L. Kutima,

• Henry D. Nyamogoba

• Ann W. Mwangi

• Barasa Khwa-Otsyula

• John H. Ouma

• Provincial Administration Kopere village

• Moi University

• Research Foundation of SUNY

April 19, 2023 15

End

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Thank you


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