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3

^ 1

Unit 1. Introduction to Structures and unctions.

I. ind t!e "arts #!ic! are interde"endent and can $e treated as t!e su$%ect and

t!e "redicate. &rite t!e' do#n.

1. Seven cannot be divided by two. 2. To understand doesnt always mean to forgive.

3. You do look smart! 4. Te old need care. . "os missing# $. %is coming back

made little difference. &. Someting sould be done about it. '. Te cemists is (ustround te corner. ). *+ecause, is a con(unction. 1-. Teres no running water ere.

11. ts rater cold/ isnt it# 12. ts none of your business wat m going to do ne0t.

^II. (earn to distin)uis! interde"endence* su$ordination and coordination. +o

t!e e,ercise in #ritin).

1. an you ski or skate# 2. "at time would you like to ave dinner# 3. "en e

finised reading te letter/ e looked u. 4. t was late/ so we stayed at ome. . Seknew ow to attack. $. usually ceck everyting/ (ust for safetys sake. &. iter you

sto souting/ or ll ave to unis you. '. ve got te key in case we want to goinside. ). %ave you ever eard im sout at eole# 1-. Tat time tey moved to

ustralia. 11. Te only trouble was te soes were tigt. 12. %e was only a boy ten/

yet e was not afraid.

III. S"ot si'"-e* se'ico'"-e,* co'"-e, and co'"ound sentences.

1. Se believed im to be an onest man. 2. dont want im to be unised. 3.

Teacers insist on our doing omework every day. 4. Tey rotested but obeyed. .

%e could feel te dog leaning against is leg. $. "en embarrassed/ se flused. &.

"e walked along te street/ ten we turned back. '. "e watced im searcing te

flat. ). ts necessary tat everyone sould articiate. 1-. lot deends on it weter

you do everyting in time. 11. Study ard/ or you may fail. 12. Take tese ills/ andyou will feel better.

I/. Insert a suita$-e con%unction.

1. t wasnt really warm/ 555 was it cold. 2. 555 did tey let us down/ 555 tey 555

(oined te cometing firm afterwards. 3. Te sun is sining/ 555 its cool. 4.

Someting is wrong wit te lan itself/ 555 we would be making rofits already. .verybody seems to ave arrived/ 555 teyre waiting for somebody and dont start.

$. 555 te eels are too ig/ 555 se doesnt know ow to wear suc soes. &. 555was te sum sufficient/ 555 were tey e0erienced enoug. '. Te e0aminer was too

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demanding/ 555 most students assed wit great difficulty. ). was lucky wit te

e0amination card/ 555 se gave me only a *four,. 1-. Te comositions was written

in a urry/ 555 se wouldnt ave made so many mistakes.

^/. 0o'"-ete to "roduce a co'"ound sentence.

1. am tired/ so 555. 2. Teacers ave to work ard/ terefore 555. 3.6atercooksvery well/ yet 555. 4. "omen send too muc money/ or 555. . iter you was u/

or 555. $. 7y arents are farfrom ric/ and still 555. &. left te ouse early today/

owever 555. '.Te teacer e0lainseveryting in detail/ but 555. ). fter a run m

out of breat/ nor 555. 1-.m nearly twenty/ and 555.

11. 8ic eole are sometimes unay/ neverteless 555. 12. ave no degree yet/oterwise 555. 13. 9ot only do some men earn little/ but 555. 14. Te cairs need

mending/ yet 555. 1. ts a lovely day/ or else 555. 1$. 9ever start a :uarrel/ ten

555. 1&. Travelling abroad is e0ensive/ terefore 555. 1'. iter te cassette recorderis faulty/ 555. 1). 9eiter do en(oy dining out/ nor 555. 2-. Teres no smoking in

lanes. %owever/ 555.

/I rans-ate into 2n)-is!.

1.

;? @ABCDEF/ < G@H IH J DH GEA=KCB LH=HG. 3. VR=N ALN O

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3. a personal pronoun;

4. an indefinite pronoun;

5. a demonstrative pronoun;

11. a possessive pronoun;

12. an interrogative pronoun

8. a complex with an infinitive;

. a complex with an !ing form;

1". a #uotation;

13. a clause;

14. a cardinal numeral;

15. an ordinal numeral.

1. Te fog was tick and grey. 2. Talking mends no oles. 3. Tere is a time and lace

for everyting. 4. Te bakers was closed. . Someting as gone wrong. $. 6ourtimes four is si0teen. &. 7ine was not te worst. '. "o is to blame# ). t was no

good asking im. 1-. Te blind usually ear well. 11. ts dangerous for anybody to

follow a criminal. 12. t doesnt matter wo will win. 13. "eter failed or

succeeded made little difference to tem. 14. Tis is my friend 9ick. 1. Te second

looked muc better. 1$. *Te Sow 7ust o, is a line from te famous song by6reddie 7ercury.

^II. rans-ate into 2n)-is!.

1. PN=

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1. woman wit tree cildren 555. 2. Today alf te students 555. 3. Te ric of

today 555. 4. Te nglis 555. . raugts 555. $. 7any a good climber 555. &. 9one

of te latest news 555. '. 9eiter of my ceeks 555. ). akes and ale 555 . 1-. Te

6akel 555.

^I/. 0!oose t!e ri)!t #ord to introduce t!e su$%ect c-ause.

that

what

when

whatever

whenever

wherever whoever

who

which

whether

how

where

wh$

1. 555 need is good advice. 2. 555 tey :uarrelled or made eace made littledifference. 3. 555 you missed te lecture is wat you are suosed to e0lain. 4. 555

goods sell doesnt worry customers. . 555 tey are married makes all te difference.$. 555 lives ne0t door must know tis. &. 555 tey are going to get married is still ket

secret. '. 555 goods sell best is wat te owner learns fast enoug. ). 555 my usbandgoes becomes my ome too. 1-. 555 unlocked te door tat nigt is wat we are

trying to learn.

^/. rans-ate into 2n)-is!.

1. @DN/ CLN ALN[LN NHL. 2. LN NHL/ DH J@DN. 3. PNCH?B ND NHL/ DH GRIDN. 4.LN E D< @LBCR=/ NIR=HHL N WLN?. . RABK H@DK NKL h GNL/ CLN J NCB

NDJL>. $. N/ CLN ND BMDR= G@H/ @LORDDN. &. R?N @NNF ORMB?HHL@J/ CLN ND G@HBMDR=. '. N/ CLN ND BMDR=/ DH ORD G @HAOHLH. ). QH ND G@H BMDR=/ GNL CLN

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ands 555 fists.

/III. rans-ate 6ro' 9ussian into 2n)-is!.

1. `KQ< @LROHKL. 2. GHLRHL. 3. E @HFCR@ @LORDDN GEU=JQ. 4. E U=B. .

pR@@GH=N. $. LH?DH=N. '. LH?DH=N BIH QRGDN ). LRDNG@J A BQH?B. 2. XHQ< @HJ O. $. NUQR LE G N@=HQD

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11. Se forgave meabout/forbreaking er comuter. 12. m not sureabout/withte

lan. 13. "atcing tat old film reminded mefrom/ofmy cildood. 14. warned

imabout/overtaking tat (ob/ but e didnt listen. 1. 7y little broter is

frigtenedabout/ofte dark. 1$. sian towns differ mucfrom/of"estern ones. 1&.

olin is seriousin/abouttravelling about te world. 1'. re familiarof/withte filingsystem ere# 1). 7y friend aliedto/fordifferent comanies to get a better (ob. 2-.xeter is boredwith/fromis (ob. %e wants to find a new one.

/ariant 0

21. 7y neigbour always comlainsto/--my arentsof/aboutte loud music from my

room. 22. ames is very goodat/withsort. 23. Te cildren were

e0citedfor/aboutgoing to te fair. 24. Tey say/ wives sould alwaysagreeon/withteir usbands. 2. "en abroad eole often dreamof/aboutteir

ome. 2$. 7oney comes too easily to im/ tats wy e doesnt care for/aboutit. 2&.

ont blame yourself/ you could ave ardly revented imagainst/fromtat tri. 2'.

"enever students ask im a :uestion/ te rofessor referred temtowards/tois

books. 2). Suc beavior will definitely resultto/insometing unleasant. 3-. onttank meof/formy el. t was my duty.

^I/. 0o'"-ete t!e sentences usin) "re"ositions a6ter t!e 7er$s. =i7e or 3

di66erent e,a'"-es* i6 or 3 di66erent "re"ositions are "ossi$-e.

1. 7y arents never agree 5555. 2. "e sould always aologi{e 5555. 3. 6ew eole

can :ualify 555. 4. 6amily :uarrels mostly result 5555. . m tinking 555. $. f

youre in trouble you can always aly 555. &. xensioners often comlain 555. '. n a:uarrel daugters mostly side 555. ). Teacers mostly insist 555. 1-. xolite eole

seldom sout 555.

/ariant ;

1. "omen are often envious 555. 2. Students are often bored 555. 3. omuters are

oular 555. 4. Some eole are allergic even 555. . Teenagers would like to be

indeendent 555. $. t is easy for a man to be faitful 555. &. re cildren grateful toteir arents 555# '. 6ew men are good 555. ). xeole sould be kind 555. 1-. Tings

studies at scool are not always familiar 555.

^/. 0orrect t!e 'ista8es* i6 an4.

/ariant ;

1. 7y arents convinced me not to marry early. 2. Se denied er aving seen teaccident. 3. Tey often go for climbing in "ales. 4. %e said to tem to sut u. .

Tey sent to me a very large arcel on ristmas. $. %e wased imself and dried. &.

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Se e0lained us everyting again and again but we understood very little of it. '.

Tey never seem to listen eac oter. ). o you regret about telling im te trut# 1-.

%e gave a sout of trium and se smiled a ay smile.

/ariant