3 Most Important Personal Finance Formula's You Should Know

7/26/2019 3 Most Important Personal Finance Formula's You Should Know

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3 most Important formulas you should know

MANISH CHAUHAN 32 COMMENTS

1. Compound Interest

This formula is often used to calculate the returns

some investment has given . The main concept in

compound interest is that interest gets accumulated

with the total principal amount and that interest

again earns interest over the years. Which makes it

very powerful .

Formula :A = P * (1+r/t)^(nt)

Where

P = principal amount (initial investment)

r = annual interest rate (as a decimal)

n = number of times the interest is compounded per year

t = number of years

A = amount after time t

Example 1 :

Investment = Rs 10,000

return = 9%

investment period = 8 years

Total amount= 10000(1+.09)^8 = 19925.63

Example 2 :

Sensex returned 17.3% return over 29yrs since its inception in 1979 . What would be worth of Rs 10,000

invested that time .

A = 10,000 * (1+.173)^29 = 1022450.64 (10 lacs)

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You can see that a small amount has actually grown to 100 times .

Compound interest Calculator : http://math.about.com/library/blcompoundinterest.htm

2. CAGR

This tool is very important because it helps in comparing two differnt returns from two investments , you

can calculate how much an investment has returned per year on compounded basis , Its just the opposite of

Compound interest

Formula : CAGR = (A/P) 1

where:

A = Final amount

P = amount invested

n = Number of years

CAGR can be a great tool to compare two different investments and there returns .

Example :

A. 10,000 invested in a XYZ mutual fund for 2 yrs became 20,000

B. 50,000 invested in GOLD for 7 years became 4,00,000

Which investment has given more returns ?

Here the main doubt is that how to calculate which one is better .. the amount , tenure is different . So in

this case we calculate and see CAGR , one with more CAGR will be good .

A) CAGR = 41.42 %

B) CAGR = 34.59 %

So , investment in A is better than B.

Which

CAGR calculator : http://www.moneychimp.com/calculator/discount_rate_calculator.htm

3. Annuity

This formula is very very important one , in our daily life we come across many situation where we do a

xed payment at the xed interval , and we want to calculate the returns , but we dont know how to do it ..

Example can be

Monthly payments in Mutual funds through SIP

Yearly payment in a PPF .

Or any investment at a xed inteval over some years. In that case we calculate the Final value using formula

called Annuity .

1/n
http://www.moneychimp.com/calculator/discount_rate_calculator.htmhttp://math.about.com/library/blcompoundinterest.htm


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Formula :A = P * [{(1+i)^n 1 }/i] * (1+i) (if payment are being made at the start)

(it will be P * [{(1+i)^n 1 }/i] if payments are made at the end of the year)

Where :

A = nal amount

P = installment each time

n = total number of installmentsi = interest rate for that tenure (example if yearly return is 24% , but payments are made monthly then i =

24/12 = 2%)

Example 1 :

Robert invests 10,000 each month in a mutual fund for 10 years and the annual return was 18% , what will

be his nal corpus ?

Here as payments are monthly , total payment will be 10 * 12 = 120

so n = 120 and i = 1.5 % (18/12)

A = 10,000 * [{(1+ .015)^120 1}/.015 ] * (1+ .015)

=> 40,39.241 (40 lacs)

Example 2 :

Vikas is planning his retirement , and planning to

invest 5,000 per month in a Mutual fund for 20 yrswhere he expects a return of 15% , then take out all

the amount after 20 yrs and then put it in a FD for

15 yrs which gives him 9.5% return .

Here , we there are two parts

A. He makes monthly payment for 20 yrs (here we have to apply annuity)

B. then he takes the money out after 20 yrs and then put it in FD for 15 yrs (as this is one time payment ,

here we will apply compound interest)

A )

n = 240 and i = 1.25% (as the payment are monthly)

His money after 20 years = [5,000 * (1 + .0125)^240 1) / .0125] * ( 1.0125) = 75,80,000 (75 lacs)

Now he invests this money into a FD for 15 yrs at 9.5% .

B) Final amount = 75,80,000 * (1.095)^15 = 2,95,00,000 (2.95 crores OR 29.5 millions)

So his nal corpus will be 2.95 crores .

Calculator : http://www.moneychimp.com/calculator/annuity_calculator.htm

Note : You can also nd some calculators at http://nance-and-

Calculate your SIPamountBenefit from disciplinedinvesting, power ofcompounding. Know more.

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Manish Goyal

May 13, 2014 at 12:39 pm

Dear Manish,

I am 39 years old engineering professional, looking into investment of tune 3000-

4000/- per month in SIP for my future goals, please advise which SIPs is better

performing etc.

With Regards,

Manish Goyal

Reply

Manish Chauhan

May 19, 2014 at 9:00 am

There is always mutual funds who have already performed well, you cannever guarantee future, but some good picks can be suggested to you at our

Q&A forum http://www.jagoinvestor.com/forum

Reply
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6/15

Jose Paul

May 11, 2013 at 12:47 pm

Dear Manish Chauhan, Thanks for your informative article. The only request is that

before posting an authentic article check twice or thrice. The reason is we are not

expert in nacial matters. We simply follow the experts directives when we need a

ancial guidance. It should not happened in future that after reading your article waitefor other experts commend. Wishing a successful carreer.

Reply

Manish Chauhan

May 11, 2013 at 12:54 pm

Not sure why you made that comment , Is any thing wrong in the article ?

Please point it out to me !

Reply

Manish Chauhan

May 18, 2013 at 2:13 pm

I am not sure of your comment, which part you feel is unauthentic ?

Reply

Chetan

August 5, 2013 at 9:16 am

Manish, I think he is referring to mistakes in the formula in the

article. I still see you have not corrected it in the main article above.

Request you to correct it so that nobody will pin point our dear

Manish again

Reply

Manish Chauhan

August 5, 2013 at 10:12 am

Will do

Reply
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7/15

Gauri

February 22, 2013 at 12:01 am

First of all, this is a very great article! thanks for writing!

While trying to nd how much money a particular MF will make, I came across your

article. I see websites like moneycontrol, valueresearchonline show CAGR of the MF

for different years. I did some calculation and want to verify if they are correct.if

not, then what is the correct way to work with them

Say I invest 10,000 in an FD@ 8%/annum for 5 yrs and same 10,000 in a MF ( Birla

Sunlife Frontline Eq) with the CAGR for 5 yrs @ 7.7% ( Source MoneyControl). So

according to my calculation, the FD gives: 14,693 and the MF gives 14,490. Even if you

deduct TDS from the FD, the overall returns are not that great!! Am I missing

something here

Reply

Manish Chauhan

February 25, 2013 at 6:12 pm

The only thing is FD returns are guaranteed and predictable, while Mutual

funds are not . You might have looked at the past 5 yrs return ,but thats not

always the same .. if you have looked in 2008 , the past 5 yrs return would be

close to 30% per annum .

Reply
http://www.jagoinvestor.com/author


8/15

Prashant

May 26, 2012 at 11:19 pm

Thanks Manish for this fantastic article.

Are all formulas updated and can i use these formulas to calculate my investment

plans?

Reply

Manish Chauhan

May 27, 2012 at 1:34 pm

Yes you can use these

Reply

Manish Ahir

September 20, 2012 at 11:57 pm

Sir I follow you a lot you are my IDOL , ANGEL , ZODIAC SIGN ,

LUCKY PLANET MY MOON , SUN everything.

Reply

Manish Chauhan


Thanks Manish

Reply
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9/15

Fresher

March 8, 2012 at 12:20 pm

Excellent blog, Manish. Most topics are quite informative.

Looks like there is a minor error in the Compound Interest formula. Shouldnt it be A =

P * (1+r/n)^(nt)?

Reply

Manish Chauhan

March 8, 2012 at 4:05 pm

Yea thats correct . looks like I made a mistake .

Reply

Rohit Varma

October 5, 2012 at 10:23 pm

Hi Manish,

Looks like the formulae is still the same. Can you please correct it

It should be r/n rather than r/t

Thanks

Reply

Sujith johny

January 31, 2012 at 10:36 pm

This is really helpful for a salary holder like me.

Reply

Manish Chauhan


Sujith

Goodto know that !

Reply


10/15

anonymus

January 16, 2012 at 11:07 pm

Correction in SIP formula:

(10000*(((1+18%/12)^(10*12))-1))/(18%/12) = 3312881.91

(5000*(((1+15%/12)^(20*12))-1))/(15%/12) = 7486197.40

Reply

Manish Chauhan

January 18, 2012 at 8:21 pm

Anonymous

Thats correct. . but which one is wrong in the arrticle ? I have assumed the

payments made in the start of the months and hence (1+r) is multiplied extra

Manish

Reply

Balbir


Hi Manish,

Just wondering whether CAGR and annualized return are same? Kindly conrm

CAGR is initial and nal amount, and year difference between them. We nd the

compounded annual return using that initial amount which became the nal amount

over a period of time.

I have seen annualized return term in Mutual fund performance report.

Thank you,

Balbir

Reply

Manish Chauhan


Balbir

Yea they are same . CAGR is a fancy name to scare people

Manish

Reply


11/15

Rajesh

August 18, 2010 at 12:00 am

First things rst, AMAZING blog. Kudoscame to know a lot about nancial planning.

Also you acknowledged the typo in the compound interest formula but did edit your

blog entry yet???

Reply

Manish Chauhan

August 25, 2010 at 8:16 pm

Rajesh

The formula is corrrect , I made a calculation mistake it seems last time

Manish

Reply

Mahesh

July 27, 2010 at 7:58 pm

First let me appreciate your hard work . I am learning lot of thing through your blog

which i should have learned very back

is there any formula where we can calculate rate of intrest for LIC policy?

For eg. Suppose i hav 2-3 lic policy and i want to calculate what rate of intrest i am

getting after maturity of my policy?

Reply

Manish Chauhan

July 27, 2010 at 9:56 pm

Mahesh

thanks , For returns from LIC ,there is no special formula especially for LIC

policies , but there is something called as IRR and XIRR , which is a general

concept which you can use to calculate LIC policies returns ,

http://www.jagoinvestor.com/2009/08/what-is-irr-and-xirr-and-how-

to.html

Manish

Reply
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12/15

Manish Chauhan


@Anonymous

Yup .. its a typo from my side .. thanks for correcting it

Reply

Rahul


u sure ur annuity 1st eg is correct ??

im getting arnd 33.6 lac..??

Reply

Kamal


@Rahul,

I agree with you, it comes to ~33.6 lacs.

Looks like he has missed to substract 1 from (1+.015)^120, that

way it comes to ~40.39 lacs.

@manish,

can you please correct the calculation mistake if I am not wrong.

Reply

Manish Chauhan

February 18, 2010 at 2:01 am

@Kamal and @Rahul

You guys are correct . I am wrong .

I forgot to subtract 1 i guess ..

Manish

Reply

Anonymous


Compound interest formula is : A = P * (1+r/n)^(nt) and not A = P * (1+r/t)^(nt).Typo ?

Reply
http://www.jagoinvestor.com/author


13/15

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