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Early Buddhist Stupas and Their Decoration
ArtH 160: Introduction to Asian Art
Thursday, September 8, 2011
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Maurya Dynasty
ca. 322-185 BCE
King Ashoka (r. 273-232 BCE))
Paliputra
Sarnath
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Basic Buddhist Concepts
Gautama Siddhartha (ca. 556-c. 486 BCE)
ShakyamuniBuddha
Karma and rebirth
Dependent origination: nothing exists independent of everything
else
Impermanence: everything changes; permanence is an illusion
Enlightenment and nirvana
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The First Sermon at Sarnath
(Putting in motion the wheel of the law)
First Sermon at Sarnath: Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path
1. Life is suffering;
2. Suffering is caused by attachment/desire;
3. One can end suffering by eliminating attachment/desire;
4. The way to ending suffering is the Eightfold Path: 1. Right
knowledge/understanding; 2. Right purpose/resolve; 3.
Right speech; 4. Right conduct; 5. Right livelihood; 6.
Right effort; 7. Right self-awareness; 8. Right meditation
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Bharhut
Sanchi
Indus Valley (ca. 2500-1500 BCE)
Vedic Period (ca. 1500-500 BCE)
Maurya Dynasty (c. 382-185 BCE)
Shunga Dynasty (ca. 185-73 BCE)
Sarnath
Bhaja
Buddhist Architecture
Stupa
Chaitya Hall
Vihara
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The Early Buddhist Stupa
Stupa #2 at Sanchi
Shunga Dynasty, 2nd century BCE
Stupa inside hall at Bhaja
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Principal Components of the Buddhist Stupa
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Cosmological Orientation of the Buddhist Stupa
axis mundi "world axis"
mandala
sacred circle
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The Bodhi Tree at Bodh Gaya
Harmika of Stupa 1 at Sanchi
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Great Stupa at Sanchi
plan and elevation
Four Gates:East: Birth
South: Enlightenment
West: First Sermon
North: Death
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Stupa #1 (the Great Stupa) at Sanchi
Founded by King Ashoka, completed during
Early Andhra Period, ca. 50 BCE 50 CE
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Ritual of circumambulation
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Decoration of Stupa Railings at Bharhut, Sanchi
Bharhut,
2nd century BCE
height of railing c. 9',
torana c. 20'
Sanchi Stupa 1,
1st century CE
height of pillars c. 12',
torana c. 34'
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Sanchi Stupa 1, South Gate
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Sanchi Stupa 1, South Gate, 1st
century CE
Ashokan Lion Capital at
Sarnath, 3rd century BCE
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East Gate of Stupa #1 at
Sanchi
Early Andhra Period, ca.
50 BCE 50 CE
Yakshi
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Yakshi on East Gate of Sanchi Stupa #1
Yakshi (female) nature, fertility spirit
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Stupa Gate from Bharhut
Shunga Dynasty, 2nd century BCE
Red sandstone, h. ca. 7
Indian Museum, Calcutta
St ili f Bh h t
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Stupa railing from Bharhut
Shunga Dynasty, 2nd century BCE
Red sandstone, h. ca. 7
Indian Museum, Calcutta
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Yakshi on East Gate of Sanchi Stupa #1 Yakshi from railing of Bharhut Stupa
1st century CE 2nd century BCE
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Yakshi on pillar
from Bharhut (?);
Norton SimonMuseum
Bh h t S hi
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Yaksha male nature,
fertility spirit
Bharhut Sanchi
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Jataka of the Monkey KingFrom the railing of the Bharhut
Stupa
Shunga Dynasty, 2nd century BCE
jataka story (previous
lives of the Buddha)
continuous narrative
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Mandala: "map" of the cosmos
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Sand Mandala at the Pacific Asia Museum
Mandala of Avalokiteshvara (Bodhisattva of Compassion)
Blessing Ceremony 9/7/11
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Sand Mandala at the Pacific Asia Museum
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Sand Mandala at the Pacific Asia Museum
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Sand Mandala at the Pacific Asia Museum
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Sand Mandala at the Pacific Asia Museum
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Sand Mandala at the Pacific Asia Museum
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Sand Mandala at LACMA, Oct. '03 Jan. '04
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