30. The Turbulent Sixties

30. The Turbulent Sixties1960 - 1969September 26, 1960Televised Presidential DebateJohn F. Kennedy (D) and Richard M. Nixon (R)

Election of 1960

Kennedys InaugurationLet every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and success of liberty. We will do all this and more.

Focused on Foreign AffairsBerlin CrisisCivil War in VietnamFidel Castro in CubaCabinetDean Rusk, Secretary of StateRobert McNamara, Secretary of DefenseRobert F. Kennedy, Attorney General

Flexible ResponseBuild up militaryGreen Berets$6 billion increase for defenseParticularly the missile program

Berlin CrisisSoviets deny access to West Berlin by East BerlinersAugust 13, 1961: Berlin wall is completed

VietnamUS backs Ngo Dinh Diem in South VietnamEconomic aid increases steadily

CubaBay of Pigs FiascoApril 17, 1961Failed attempt to overthrow Castro

Cuban Missile Crisis October, 1962Soviets attempt to mount armed nuclear missiles in Cuba.13 days of tensionSoviets back down if US agrees to pull troops from Turkey.

Kennedys Domestic PolicyNew FrontierDid not have the support of CongressSluggish economySlow attack on Civil RightsThurgood Marshall appointed to Supreme CourtCORE and Freedom RidesIntegration of University of MississippiMarch on WashingtonExpansion of Individual RightsWarren CourtGideon v. Wainwright: All accused must have lawyerMiranda v. Arizona: All accused informed of rightsBaker v. Carr: Equal representation in governmentEngle v. Vitale: Bans prayer in school

Let Us ContinueJFK is assassinated (November 22, 1963)Lyndon Baines Johnson is new presidentCarries on the programs of Kennedy, using his unique style.

Election of 1964

Johnsons ReformsMedicare and MedicaidHead Start (Elementary and Secondary Education Act)Civil Rights Act (Ends segregation in public facilities)Voting Rights Act (Banned literacy tests)

VietnamDrastically escalates the warGulf of Tonkin Resolution (President given power to increase war effort.)Leads to stalemate Ends Johnsons Presidency

US Troops in Vietnam

Student Revolt and Protest

Cultural RevolutionBlack PowerEthnic Nationalism (Caesar Chavez)Womens Rights (Betty Friedan)

Vietnam Defeats JohnsonDecides not to runSplits the Democratic PartyRepublicans will reemergeRichard Nixon

Violence at the ConventionDemocratic disagreement spilled over on the convention floorEugene McCarthy and Robert Kennedy Anti WarKennedy assassinated during spring campaignHubert Humphrey Mainline DemocratHeld in ChicagoMayor Richard J. Daley called for tight controls on riots outside of convention site.

Election of 1968

Nixons Stand on the WarThe U.S. should end the war and win the peace.Vague approach to ending the Vietnam WarDemocrats hurt by 3rd party candidate George C. Wallace running on a segregation platform.

Nixon WonSmallest share of popular vote since 1916.

Which of the following is true of the Kennedy-Nixon debates?Were broadcast on TV but not on radioWere broadcast on radio but not on TVThose who watched on TV thought Kennedy won; radio listeners thought Nixon wonTV watchers thought Nixon won; radio lsiteners thought Kennedy wonMost people considered it a draw between the two candidatesWhich of the following accurately describes the election of 1960?Kennedy won by a wide marginKennedy won by a narrow marginKennedy won the Electoral College but lost the popular voteElection was decided by the House of RepresentativesNixon defeated Kennedy in a landslideWhat was Kennedys alternative to Eisenhowers massive retaliation policy called?Limited retaliationMassive responseFlexible responseContainmentRllbackWhat caused the Cuban Missile Crisis?Soviets invaded CubaAmericans invaded CubaAmericans placed nuclear missiles in CubaCuba developed a nuclear arsenalSoviets placed nuclear missiles in Cuba.Which of the following was probably LBJs greatest asset in getting legislation passed?His great ability in dealing with CongressHe was beloved by the American peopleHis personal charm and good looksHis mastery of minute policy detailsHis great speaking abilityThe 1964 Civil Rights ActMade illegal the segregation of blacks in public facilitiesEstablished an Equal Employment Opportunity CommissionProtected the voting rights of African AmericansWas filibustered for 57 daysAll of the above are true.Which of the following best describes the Democrats in the election of 1968?Unified behind LBJUnable to find any candidatesFractured and dividedCertain Nixon would winEnthusiastic about George McGovern