Fi t Aid AFirst Aid AwarenessNon-certifiable

Toolbox 1What is First Aid and basic resuscitation

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What is First Aid?

First Aid is the first care provided to manage an illness or injurymanage an illness or injury

Why is it important to know First Aid?• There are some simple things that you

can do to • reduce injury• improve the condition • save lives

• If you are prepared, you can act• Some actions can make things worse• In some situations, the first minutes are

the most important

What is Resuscitation?

• Resuscitation is re-establishing breathing Image: Resuscitation is re establishing breathing and circulation.

• “CPR” – Cardio (heart) Pulmonary (lung) Resuscitation

performing CPR

Resuscitation • Resuscitation can save the life of someone

who isn’t breathing or their heart isn’t beatingbeating.

• Sudden Cardiac Arrest – the heart stops, often because of a heart attack. This is a common cause of deathcommon cause of death.

• People have a chance of surviving if bystanders act immediately.

In an emergency, assess the situation Look for danger! Firstly, always make sure that you are not inFirstly, always make sure that you are not in danger.You can’t help anyone if you get hurt too.Then look at whether there is further danger to:e oo a e e e e s u e da ge o

• the victim• other people

What can be a hazard?…anything that can cause harm to you or others such asothers such as

• Traffic• Fire, smoke, gas• Live electrical power linesp• Blood / body fluids (infection risk)

First response - HHHC

Hazards: If there are any, MOVE away. Can you move the victim awayCan you move the victim away safely? If not Call for help.

Hello: Is the patient Awake??Is the patient Breathing?

Help: Call for an AED & an Ambulance& an Ambulance.

Compress th h t

If not Awake & not Breathing resuscitatePUSH HARD & PUSH FAST

IF there are body fluids (vomit, blood), protect

the chest: PUSH HARD & PUSH FAST

yourself against infection. Use GLOVES if available and be sure not to touch your face.

Is a defibrillator available?

• A defibrillator (also called AED –(Automatic External Defibrillator) is a machine which delivers an electric shock to the heart

• They are often in many public places• They can save lives

Image: AED in action

Check if the victim is awake

G tl t th i h ld d k l dlGently tap their shoulders and ask loudly: “Are you OK?”

If the person is AWAKEpIf they are responsive, leave the person in the position in which you found them (provided there is no further danger), Call for HELP if needed. Stay with them until help arrives.

How would you activate the emergency response system?Wh t b ld di l?What number would you dial?

If the person is NOT awake… Are they breathing normally?

If YES place in recovery position. Kneel to one side of the victim:

• Take the arm closer to you and place it on theTake the arm closer to you and place it on the ground.

• Hold the other arm, bring it across the chest and put their hand against the cheek. (hand on opposite cheek)opposite cheek)

• With your other hand, gently pull the knee (same side as the arm you are holding) towards you as you roll the victim onto their side.

Recovery position helps to keep the airway open, and allows vomit to drain out.

Check if the victim is awakeGently tap their shoulders and ask loudly: “Are you OK?”If the person is NOT AWAKE

• cannot be wokeni• unresponsive

• not breathing normally or only gasping

Call for HELP! Call for Help or send someone to get help. Call thesend someone to get help. Call the appropriate Emergency Service.

Get the AED if availableGet the AED if available or send someone to get the AED

Compressions: steps1. Kneel at the victim’s side.2. Make sure they are lying on their back

fi fl t fon a firm, flat surface. 3. You may need to open the shirt or

remove it if in the way of compressions or to apply the AEDor to apply the AED.

4. Put the heel of one hand on the center of the chest, on the lower half of the breastbone. Put the heel of your other yhand on top of the first hand.

5. Push straight down on the chest at least 2 inches (5 cm) with each compression.2 inches (5 cm) with each compression. Push hard & fast

6. Push hard at a rate of at least 100 compressions a minute and cycle 30compressions a minute and cycle 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths.

7. Continue until patient starts breathing.

Airway: steps

To open the airway prior to rescue breaths:1. Tilt the head by pushing

back on the forehead.2. Lift the chin by putting your

fingers on the bony part of the chin. Do not press the soft tissues of the neck orsoft tissues of the neck or under the chin.

3. Lift the chin to move the jaw forward. This lifts the jtongue from the back of the throat, thus opening the airway.

Rescue breathsIf you can, give 2 breaths after every 30 chest compressions… otherwise just do continuous chest compressions.Give 2 breaths (rescue breaths)

1. Pinch the soft part of the nose closed, using the index finger and thumb.

2. Allow the mouth to open, but maintain chin lift.3. Take a normal breath and place your lips around victim’s

mouth, making sure you have a good seal, using a barrier-device if available.barrier device if available.

4. Blow steadily into the mouth while watching for the chest to rise, taking about 1 second.

5. Maintaining head tilt and chin lift, take your mouth away and watch for the chest to fall as air passes out.

6. Continue with chest compressions and rescue breaths 30:2

7 Remember! If you can’t or don’t want to give theBarrier-device

7. Remember! If you can t or don t want to give the breaths, just do continuous chest compressions, pushing HARD & FAST!

AED / Defibrillator As soon as the defibrillator arrives, switch on the defibrillator and attach the defibrillator pads.If th i t CPR h ld bIf more than one rescuer is present, CPR should be continued while this is carried out.Using the AED Defibrillator:

1. Follow the spoken/visual directions.2. The victim must not be touched while the AED is

analysing the rhythm.3 If a shock is indicated ensure that the victim3. If a shock is indicated, ensure that the victim

is not touched.4. Push shock button as directed.5. Resume CPR immediately starting with chest y g

compression.6. Repeat every 2 minutes.

The AED will re-analyse the rhythm. Follow the AED’s voice/visual prompts. If no shock is indicated, immediately resume CPR.

HAZARDS? Ensure no danger

HELLO! Check for response, if unresponsive

Activate emergency responseGet an AED

If no breathing or only gasping

Start & continue CPR:C - push hard & fastA - open the airway

AED checks rhythm /

B - breathing

yshock if indicated

Repeat every 2 minutes

QuestionsI will be available for the next 30 minutes if younext 30 minutes if you have any questions you would like to ask.

Thank You!Thank You!