31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 79 Topic: 31.6 Diseases that Weaken the...

31.1 Pathogens and Human IllnessSet up Cornell Notes on pg. 79

•Topic: 31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System

•Essential Question(s):

1.How do HIV and AIDS differ?

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System

KEY CONCEPTWhen the immune system is weakened, the body cannot fight off diseases

31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness

Pg. 78

Homework: Summary of HIV’s Affect on Immune System

HIV

HIV/AIDS Video Notes


Respond

Why might a person with a compromised immune system be unable to fight off a disease?


Why might a person with a compromised immune system be unable to fight off a disease?

Their immune system is not fighting off the pathogens. If the body cannot fight off pathogens they will get sick.


KEY CONCEPTWhen the immune system is weakened, the body cannot fight off disease.


Diseases that weaken the immune system lead to:

Opportunistic infections:• Infections where if the immune system were healthy,

it would be able to fight these infections• occur because white blood cells cannot fight infections


Pg. 78

• Create a small bubble map including everything you ALREADY know about HIV.

HIV


HIV/AIDS Intro 3m13s


The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

– is a retrovirus (has RNA instead of DNA as its genetic material)

– HIV reproduces in, and destroys T cells

- The body cannot replace T cells fast enough and T cells cannot help in immune responses

- Therefore, immune system becomes weakened

– is transmitted by mixing infected blood with a bodily fluid


The Medical Mechanics of HIV 2m7s

• Make sure to take NOTES!!!

• You will be writing a summary of how HIV affects the immune system for homework.


Ways to get HIV• Sexual intercourse (semen/vaginal fluid)• Mother to child (umbilical cord and/or breast milk)• Blood to blood contact (sharing needles/blood transfusion)


HIV and Immune Response 3m51s

• Why can’t our bodies fight off infections such as HIV or Hepatitis C?

HIV

T celldeadT cell

antibody

activatedB cell


Homework

• Using your class notes and video notes, please write a summary of how HIV affects the immune system.

• At least 5 sentences• Include an illustration

Take 5 minutes to finish your homework (if not done)


Origin of HIV? (THEORY)

• The hunter may have been bitten or cut creating cross species contamination

• May have mutated from SIV to HIV once inside the human body


• HIV infection leads to AIDS.

Percent of people in Africa with HIV 1999-2001


• AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

– Immune system is worn out– very low amount of T cells– Medicine slows, but does not cure– ALWAYS results in death

– Several opportunistic infections are usually the cause of death:

– Pneumonia– Viral infections– Cancers– tuberculosis





The Man Who Couldn’t Catch AIDS 2m36s


Exploring the link between the Black Death and HIV immunity

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRrolqaU7fA&safe=active

The Mystery of the Black Death begins in September of 1665, when a tailor in the secluded English village of Eyam opened a flea-infested shipment of fabric from London. In a matter of days, the tailor and much of the village were suffering the telltale signs of bubonic plague, the disease that, in the first five years since its arrival, had wiped out a third of the European population. To prevent the outbreak from spreading throughout the region, the whole town was quarantined -- no one was allowed in or out. Outsiders assumed that the bacteria would simply wipe out the entire village. But they were wrong. Three hundred and fifty years later, Dr. Stephen O'Brien, a geneticist from the National Institutes of Health in Washington, D.C., is delving into the reasons why some individuals managed to survive the excruciating Black Death while others were dying all around them. Following O'Brien as he takes DNA samples and investigates historical records and family archives, the film sheds light on the resistance to the plague, and reveals a stunning legacy that the plague survivors passed on to their descendents -- a similar resistance to the modern-day scourge of AIDS.


Notebook Check

• Take 5 minutes to double-check your notebook

• ALL pages MUST be taped in

• Write name on NB check


Get out your notebooks….

REMINDERS:

•Ch. 31 test AND Checkpoint on Monday

•Study Guide due Monday

• Write first and last name on your notebook check

• Place it sticking out of your notebook on pg. 40

• Take out Secrets of the Dead worksheet


Review: Secrets of the Dead: Mystery of the Black Death

• Review answers with your table

• Students will be called on RANDOMLY to answer the questions


Evolution of HIV reading (20 mins)

• Highlight important information regarding the evolution/immunity of HIV

• Summarize the answers to each of the three Key questions posed in the reading. (If you HAD to answer each question in 1-2 sentences, how would you answer?)

• Class discussion

31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune SystemHIV/AIDS Ad Campaign (40-50 mins)Using any notes/video notes/articles/book/background knowledge/internet on phones- please create an ad poster/brochure/newspaper warning of the dangers of HIV/AIDSA few ideas for your poster:•A factual guide or brochure about HIV/AIDS•The evolutionary origins or natural resistance to HIV/AIDS•HIV/AIDS Prevention (lifestyle choices etc…)

•MUST HAVE ILLUSTRATIONS•GOOD Ad Campaigns have slogans or catchy phrases

Somewhere in your campaign, you need to have 3-4 paragraphs educating the reader about HIV/AIDSInclude: Origin of HIV, HIV's effect on the body (feel free to use your previous paragraph), how we can contract HIV as well as prevention methods.


Test Review/Game

• Finish Study Guide (25 mins)

• Jeopardy review game online:

jeopardylabs.com/play/immune-systemcheckpoint-review

31.1 Pathogens and Human IllnessSet up Cornell Notes on pg. 81

•Topic: 31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System

•Essential Question(s):

1. How does leukemia affect a person’s entire body?

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules


31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness

Bone marrow is a tissue found within bones. •Red bone marrow makes RBC/WBC•New blood cells replace mature ones that die

But, sometimes, blood cells do not mature properly


– Unlike other cancers, leukemia does not form tumors, instead is prevents the bone marrow from functioning properly

• Leukemia is cancer of the bone marrow.


How does Leukemia weaken the immune system?

– Bone marrow produces immature WBC– In an effort to replace defective WBCs, the bone

marrow overproduces WBCs (all of which do not work)– Bone marrow spends all its time making WBCs and

makes fewer RBCs that are needed to replace those that are dead or dying


Leukemia Informational Video 6m30s

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJOYAaygQFE

• Please add to your notes on leukemia using the many facts that are provided in the video.

• You will later use this information to write a summary of the effects that leukemia has on the body.


• Only cure- the cancerous bone marrow must be replaced with healthy bone marrow. This is known as a bone marrow transplant

• Patients are treated with large doses of chemotherapy and radiation in order to kill all of the abnormal bone marrow cells

• If the transplant is successful, the donor marrow will make healthy blood cells!


Bone Marrow Biopsy 3m22s

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svTQ-zJHY9M

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuirlplSfBU

Bone Marrow Transplant 2m55s


Problems with bone marrow transplants…• The donor marrow can make antibodies against the

host’s healthy tissues• Chemotherapy and radiation kill both the cancerous cells

AND the healthy cells leaving the immune system weak • Immune system is then open to catching opportunistic

infections


Why Charlie Brown? Why? (Parts 1-3) Approx 24 mins• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSkAzKZaUnM• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3qaiM0TKgeQ• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGoLJvmUTdM

• A 1990 Peanuts episode introducing children to Leukemia. • The idea for Why, Charlie Brown, Why? was conceived by Sylvia

Cook, a registered nurse at the Stanford Children's Hospital. In December 1985, Cook sent a letter to Charles M. Schulz, asking him to produce a short animated film about cancer for young patients featuring the Peanuts characters.

• Cancer was a subject with which Schulz was familiar; his mother Dena had died of cancer when he was in his twenties, and Schulz himself would succumb to colon cancer in 2000. The special has been shown in hospitals and in public education systems, primarily elementary schools and junior high schools, as a method for explaining the subject to children


Leukemia- True Story

• Please read “Last Christmas saw the Kelly Family Facing the Unthinkable”


Classwork/Homework

• Using your class notes and video notes, please write a summary of how Leukemia affects the immune system.

• At least 5 sentences• Include an illustration

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31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 79 Topic: 31.6 Diseases that Weaken the...

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