31.2 • I. Hitler Advances Toward Supremacy

• A. Luftwaffe

• German Air Force

• B. Blitzkrieg (9-1-39)

• Lightning war (take by surprise) • At same

time, Soviets

invade Baltic

States to

create

“Buffer zone”

- Show video

• C. Phony War

• Western front (Brit,France) begin preparing for war – but not here yet

• “sitzkrieg”

II. ScandanaviaA. Identify the countries –

• Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark

B. Why this region is imprt. to Hitler?

• Control water routes to and from Atlantic

• Control resources available

• Prevent another British Blockade

• Finland occupied by Soviets

N

S

F

D

39

AP ‘40

• B. Why did diplomacy over Scandanavia effectively end Chamberlain’s career as PM?

• He had promised peace – false

• Hitler in Scandanavia: Geographic threat to Britain

• C. What was significant about the results in Scandanavia?

• German navy is weakened

• Winston Churchill = PM May 10, 1940

• Germany begins invasion of France

• Failure of the Maginot Line

III. Fall of France

• A. Maginot Line

• B. How did it fail?

http://blog.modernmechanix.com/mags/ModernMechanix/2-1934/maginot_line.jpg

http://www.sinfin.net/railways/world/touristfr/maginot.jpg

IV. Battle of Dunkirk

• A. Describe• Geographic- • Northern France• British, French, and Belgian troops trapped by

Germans along English Channel coast • May 1940- 850 boats from England arrive to

evacuate 300,000 Allied forces• Show map and video

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_fall_france_campaign.shtml

B. Why was the result significant for Britain? • Royal Air Force (RAF) proves effective vs.

Luftwaffe (protect evacuating ships)

• Save 300,000 troops

• Sign of survival, hope

• Nationalism – role of the common people ; determination to win

• “Wars are not won by evacuation.”

C. Why was this battle seen as a fatal mistake for Hitler?

• Had opportunity to wipe out Allied forces

• Western front may have been secured in 1940.

D. Why didn’t he finish the job when he had the chance?

• Eager to get to Russia

• Felt western front was under control without an invasion of Britain

• Felt he could still form alliance w/ Britain or force British surrender

V. Vichy and Free France

• Allied held up at Dunkirk- no one left to defend rest of France

• June 14 – March into Paris• June 22 – France surrenders• A. North/ South Division • Germans occupy northern France• Southern France = puppet government in

city of Vichy led by Henri Petain • = “COLLABORATORS”

• “RESISTANCE” movement took many forms

• Charles de Gaulle – Free French govt. operating out of Britain

V. Battle of Britain • A. Hitler expected Britain to seek peace• B. Hitler surprised that Churchill and British

willing to fight • “Victory at all costs….for without victory

there is no survival.” • C. Hitler planned to invade Britain • - would depend on : air supremacy over

English Channel• -destroy British air fields • - destroy British industries

• D. Begin bombing Aug 1940

• (Aug 24 – Sept 6 - 1,000 planes a day to destroy RAF)

• British lost a lot………

• But so did the Germans

• E. Night bombings of London (Sept 7-Nov 3)

1. The Blitz• a. Constant bombings over London and other cities• b.……but “DID NOT BREAK BRITISH MORALE”• c.………..RAF prvent German air supremacy • (down 1700 German aircraft)• d….prevent German invasion• …..survival ……will to win • “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by

so many to so few.”

• Battle of Dunkirk and Battle of Britain• Victories for British?• Failures of Germany?

VI. Anglo-American Cooperation • A. US - at first – Isolationist and neutral

• B. Gradually U.S. begins support of Britain w/ supplies – realize Hitler was a threat to American security…..(think….How?)

• C. US – give Britain 50 naval ships

• In return- US gets military base in Newfoundland, Bermuda, and British West Indies

• D. Cash and carry policy- British pay cash for food and armaments and transport goods themselves

• Keeps US “neutral”

• E. British cant afford all equipment they need , so…….

• 1. Lend – Lease – US President (FDR) allowed to “lend” war equipment

• F. Aug 9, 1941 Atlantic Charter

• Churchill and FDR

• Free trade

• right to choose govt.

• Destroy Nazi Tyranny

VII. Eastern Europe and Africa• A. Mussolini dreams of Mediterranean empire• [Stays neutral until June 1940]• (military and industry not as advanced as

others)• B. June 10, 1940 – declare war on France

and Britain (in N. Africa) • Italy: Focus efforts on gaining territory in

Africa, and E. Europe (Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia)

• Hitler had to send reinforcements in most cases.