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Biology 323

Human Anatomy for Biology Majors

Lecture 11

Dr. Stuart S. Sumida

Peripheral Circulation

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Structures of the Splanchnopleure:receive unpaired vessels of the

abdominal aorta.

Structures of the Somatopleure:

receive PAIRED vessels of theabdominal aorta.

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Structures of the Splanchnopleure:

receive unpaired vessels of theabdominal aorta.

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Structures of the Somatopleure:

receive paired vessels of the aorta.

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Trochanteric Anastomosis

anastomotic ring of arteries

found in the trochanteric fossaand around the neck of the

femur.

Formed by the union ofbranches from:

1) medial circumflex femoralartery.

2) ascending branch of the

lateral circumflex femoral artery.

3) inferior gluteal artery.4) superior gluteal artery.

12

3

4

Arteries & nerves of gluteal region

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Hip (coxal) joint / Arteries & nerves of gluteal region

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Femoral triangle / RELATIONS Deep contents

Femoral a. & v.

surrounded by

femoral sheath

Profunda

femoris a.

principal artery

of thigh

Lat and med.

femoral

circumflex aa.

Deep external

pudendal a.

Femoral n.

A few deeper

lymph nodes --Anterior view

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Femoral triangle / RELATIONS

Anterior view

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Femoral triangle / PRINCIPAL VASCULATURE OF THIGH

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Femoral triangle / PRINCIPAL ARTERIES OF THIGH

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Femoral a. & v.

surrounded by femoralsheath

Lat 1 and med. femoral 2

circumflex aa.

Deep external pudendala.

Femoral n.

A few deeper lymph

nodes

Profunda femoris a.

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Femoral triangle / DEEP VESSELS AND NERVES

Anterior view

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Lat fem

cir a.

Ascending

branches, lat

fem cir.

Anterio-lateral view

Hip Anastomosis / FEMORAL HEAD ARTERIAL SUPPLY

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Posterior view

Hip collateral circulation / TROCHANTERIC ANASTOMOSIS

Arterial supply to Femoral

head Medial Femoral Circumflex

artery

Lateral Femoral Circumflexartery (acsending br.)

Post. obdurator artery via arteryof femoral ligament

Superior and inferior glutealarteries

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Posterior tibial artery gives

branch laterally -- peroneal(fibular) artery

Anatomy & relationships within the popliteal fossa /POPLITEAL ARTERY

BRANCHES

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Anatomy & relationships within the popliteal fossa /POPLITEAL VEIN

TRIBUTARIES

the small saphenous vein

Several genicular veins

(draining the knee joint

and its associatedstructures)

other tributaries

corresponding to

branches of the popliteal

artery

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Superior Gluteal Artery The deep branch of the superior gluteal artery lies between the

gluteus medius muscle and the hip bone, dividing into superiorand inferior divisions.

The superior division runs along the upper border of gluteus

minimus as far as the anterior superior iliac spine. It contributesto the anastomosis around the hip joint by joining with the:

1) Deep circumflex iliac artery.

2) Ascending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery.

The inferior division crosses gluteus minimus to supply it, thegluteus medius muscle and the hip joint. It also contributes tothe anastomosis around the hip joint by joining with the:

1) Lateral circumflex femoral artery.

2) Inferior gluteal artery.

3) Ascending branch of the medial circumflex artery.

Arteries & nerves of gluteal region

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Inferior Gluteal Artery Runs backwards and laterally between the first and second, or

second and third, ventral sacral nerves. It traverses the greatersciatic foramen below the piriformis and enters the glutealregion.

Inside pelvis branches to the piriformis, coccygeus and levator

ani muscles, perirectal fat, the fundus of the bladder, theseminal vesicles and the prostate.

Outside the pelvis; it supplies gluteus maximus, obturatorinternus, the gemelli, quadratus femoris and the upperhamstrings. The artery to the sciatic nerve penetrates and runs

along the surface of the nerve, accompanying it as far as thelower thigh.

The inferior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries may arise asa common stem from the internal iliac artery.

Arteries & nerves of gluteal region

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What is the Axilla?

A region (the axillary space) associatedwith the armpit.

It actually begins around the

cervicoaxillary canal, at the edge of thefirst rib.

It continues to the armpit, with the bottombeing the axillary fascia. (remember? The

lower attachment of the clavipectoralmembrane?)

It has musculoskeletal boundaries that arelateral, medial, anterior and posterior.

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AXILLARY SPACE

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MedialSerratus anterior muscle

LateralIntertubercular sulcus.

AnteriorPectoralis major and minorMM.

PosteriorScapula with subscapularis

M.; in places, latisimus dorsi M. andteres majorM.

Apexclavicle.

BaseAxillary fascia.

Walls of the axillary space

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MUSCLES

Teres majorM

Latissimus dorsiM

SubscapularisM

Pectoralis majorM

Pectoralis minorM

Serratus anteriorM

Major structures

inside: Axillary sheath

and contents!

Most of the rest of the

space is adipose tissue.

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Axillary sheath Derived, at least in part, from anterior and

middle scalene muscle fascia.

Covers over a series of contents: Axillary artery

Axillary vein

Brachial plexus and nerves derived from it.

The axillary sheath is just the fascia

surrounding these structures. You will

open it up in lab to see them.

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Subclavcian Artery.

Lateral to the first rib, itbecomes axillary

artery.

Branches you

should know:

Transverse cervical.

Dorsal scapular.

Suprascapular.

Vertebral Artery

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Axillary Artery: divided

into three parts

Part 1 (proximal)

one branch

Part 2

(intermediate) two

branches.

Part 3 (distal) threebranches.

Subclavian A.

Brachial A.

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Axillary Artery: First Part

From lateral border of1st rib to

medial border of Pectoralis MajorM.

Named Branch:

Supreme Thoracic

A. (to external

thoracic body wall)Supplies blood to

first and second

intercostal spaces

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Axillary Artery: Second part

Deep to the pectoralis minor M.

Thoracoacromial trunk

Branches to:Clavicular area

Pectoralis region

Acromion of Scapula

Deltoid Muscle.

Lateral Thoracic Artery

Bbr. to Serratus Ant. M.

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Axillary Artery: third part

Lateral border of Pectoralis minor M. to

lateral border of Teres major M.

Subscapular A.:

Branches:

Circumflex scapularA. (to multiple

muscles associated

with the scapula)

1.

Thoracodorsal A.(to Latissimus

dorsi M.)

2.

Posterior circumflex

humeral A.

Anterior circumflex

humeral A.

How it will look in lab

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Supreme

thoracic A.

Thoracoacromial A.

Lateral thoracic A.

Subscapular A.

Ant. Circumflex

humoral A.

Post. Circumflex

humoral A.

Note, there is a broad anastamosis of the entire scapular region

including circumflex humorals, subscapular, dorsal scapular, and

suprascapular AA.

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Arteries of Proximal Arm The arterial pattern has one major vessel,

with several important branches, whichcan supply muscles:

Deep brachial A. to posterior compartment

(branches to medial collateral and radialcollateral AA).

Superior ulnar collateral A.

Inferior ulnar collateral A.

Note, many muscles are supplied directlyby unnamed muscular branches. Do noteven think of giving all the vessels you seea distinct name.

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The brachial artery is the

primary artery supplying

muscles of the arm.

Its largest single branch, the

deep brachial A., arises from

it in the upper part of the

arm and penetrates towards

the extensor (posterior)

compartment.

There are also arteries that

supply the elbow

anastomosis arising from it.

Note, the muscles

and overlying skin

are supplied bysmall, otherwise

unnamed branches

arising from it.

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Axillary A.

Brachial A.

Deep brachial A.

Superior ulnar collateral A.

Inferior ulnar collateral A.

Radial collateral A.

(a branch of the

deep brachial A.)

Not seen, middle

collateral A., another

branch of the deep

brachial A.

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Collateral anastomosis

around elbow.

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Lymphatic System

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