13.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

UPA Package 3, Module 2

SQUATTER RESETTLEMENT IN THE METROPOLITAN FRINGE: A CASE

STUDY OF THE SAPANG PALAY RESETTLEMENT PROJECT IN SAN JOSE DEL MONTE,

BULACAN, PHILIPPINES

23.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

• Understand the concepts of relocation and resettlement;

• Identify factors for success/failure;

• Learn from case study

Objectives

33.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

Area: 752.5 hectares of riceland

How Acquired: PHHC bought the land to serve as resettlement area for displaced urban poor families.

The SPRP: Origing

43.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

San Jose del Monte, Province of Bulacan

Location of Municipality of San Jose Del Monte

53.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

Location of Sapang Palay Resettlement Program

63.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

Population Growth

73.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

PHHC Mandate 1948

To promote physical, social and economic betterment of the populous areas of the Philippines through low-cost housing projects and community and institutional housing.

Development under PHHC

83.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

• Presidential Assistant on Housing and Resettlement (PAHRA)

• Tondo Foreshore Development Authority (TFDA)

• Central Institute for Training and Relocation of Urban Squatters (CITRUS)

• Presidential Committee on Housing and Urban Resettlement (PRECHUR)

• Sapang Palay Development Committee (SPDC)

Other Housing Agencies

93.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

Master Plan

103.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

• Relocatees transported on trucks to demarcated lots and left to themselves;

• Awarding of lots based on relocatee’s expressed desire to live permanently in resettlement area;

• Relocatee re-assembled dismantled shack on lot assigned to him/her;

• Government assistance: transporting the squatters, assignment of lots, initial services.

Relocation Process

113.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

1. Relocation site not adequately prepared

• Poor roads

• Inadequate water

• No power

• No drainage / sewerage system

• No facilities for education / health / protective services

• No / poor transport facilities

Problems Encountered

123.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

2. Inadequate job opportunities;

3. Social gap between relocatees and original settlers;

4. Social problems among relocatees discouraged middle class population from settling in or near SPRP.

Problems Encountered

133.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

1. Establishment of the Central Institute for Training and Relocation of Urban Squatters (CITRUS)

2. Establishment of Industrial Estate

3. Extension of Social Services

Government Interventions

143.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

1975 - present

• Shift towards social welfare-oriented housing policy which combined housing production with housing finance and housing regulation through

• comprehensive and integrated housing program

• administered by highly centralized organizational structure

Development under NHA

153.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

• Presidential Decree 757 - 1975 - created the National Housing Authority

• Presidential Decree 1396 - 1978 - created the Ministry of Human Settlements

• Executive Order 648 - 1981 - created Human Settlements Regulatory Commission

Martial Law Legislations

163.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

• Executive Order 90 - abolished Ministry of Human Settlements and created the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council

• Republic Act 7279 - 1991 - Urban Development and Housing Act

Post Martial Law Legislations

173.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

• Comprehensive development plan prepared and implemented first

• Provision of “Core” housing

• Expansion of residential area

• Reduction in lot sizes

• Community facilities and utilities put in place

Phase II: Features

183.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

Land Use Allocation

193.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

3.2.12 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: The Case Study of the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

• Inadequate funds due to sheer size of area and continued influx of population

• Inadequacy of industrial estate to absorb increasing labor force

• Return of relocatees to metropolis and arrival of non-beneficiaries to the site

• Stigma of municipality as “home of squatters”

203.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

• Provision of basic services

• Passage of zoning ordinances

• Regulations for relocation and housing subdivisions

3.212 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: The Case Study of the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

LOCAL GOVERNMENT RESPONSES

213.2.8 Squatter Resettlement in the Metropolitan Fringe: A Case Study of

the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

• Resettlement area should provide shelter + livelihood opportunities + basic services

• Comprehensive development plan should be prepared

• Close coordination among stakeholders

Lessons Learned