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EMERGENCY METHODS

OF EVACUATING CASUALTIES

WITHOUT EQUIPMENT

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INTRODUCTIONNon-Risky Situation• Package casualties wherever possible • Evacuate casualties with stretchers• Ensure comfort or minimize the suffering of the casualties

Emergency or Risky Situation• No stretchers or time to construct improvised stretchers• The casualty must be removed quickly due to potential

dangers• Do not attempt to rescue if your own life is in danger

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES• Understand the correct techniques to be

applied on the casualty

• Execute the correct method of carrying the casualty

• Demonstrate the necessary safety measures taken to prevent injury to the rescuers

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SCOPE

• Introduction• Factors influencing methods used• Safety Precautions• Demonstration and Practical of 1-Man

Emergency Methods of Evacuating Casualties • Demonstration and Practical of 2-Man

Emergency Methods of Evacuating Casualties • Conclusion

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FACTORS INFLUENCING THE METHODS USED

Methods employed will depend on a combination of the following factors:a. Type and severity of the injuriesb. Casualty’s status

• conscious• unconscious

c. Weight of the casualtyd. Availability of Rescuerse. Distance and Route

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GENERAL RULES• Search should commence at the point of the

greatest survival rate• In multi-storey buildings, search should start

from the top and work your way down• Common places where casualties are found:

a) Near doors b) Near windowsc) At staircasesd) In the restrooms

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

• Always work in pairs• Ensure the proper placement of your feet for the selected techniques – to prevent falling• The correct method of lifting and gripping must be followed• Put on safety gears• Bring along a torch• Ensure that the method selected does not suffocate or cause further injury to the casualty• Do not drop the casualty • Squat down to Lift casualty instead of bending body down

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Emergency Methods of Casualty Evacuation from Surface Area

1. Fireman’s LiftOne-Man Operations

• Light casualty, no back/spinal injuries

2. Fore Method• Casualty of similar weight or heavier than

rescuer

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• Casualty is able to hang on• Will not lose consciousness

4. The Pick-a-back

3. The Cradle• Light-weight casualties or children

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6. The Human Crutch

5. Backward drag• Casualty is too heavy to be lifted

• Casualty can walk with assistance

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Practical

122. The Fore & Aft

• Casualty can walk with assistance1. Double Human Crutch

• Casualty is unable to walk

2-Man Operations

Emergency Methods of Casualty Evacuation from Surface Area

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• Casualty need to be carried rather than dragged• Casualty’s weight beyond the capability of 1 rescuer

3. 2-Handed Seat

4. 3-Handed Seat

• Useful when rescuer needs a free hand• Can support casualty’s injured leg

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5. 4-Handed Seat

Casualty needs to be carried rather than dragged Casualty’s weight beyond the capability of 1 person

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Practical

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CONCLUSION1. Rescuing of casualties may be conducted under any

conceivably adverse conditions.

2. Methods employed will depend location and type of injury sustained.

3. Remember objective of rescue operations is to save and prevent further loss of lives.

4. Speed is essential, but must be consistent with safety and proper handling of casualties.

5. Ensure personal safety, as accidents and injuries to rescuers may jeopardise the whole operations.