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34th IFPA-Fletcher Conferenceon National Security Strategy and Policy
Security Planning and Military Transformation after Iraqi Freedom
LTG Robert WagnerDeputy Commander, USJFCOM
3 December 2003
Overview
USJFCOM
UNCLASSIFIED
2
• The need to transform in a changing environment
• Dedicated transformation organizations can accelerate
change – if integrated and resourced
• Transformation is comprehensive: all organizations and
functions – military, interagency, and partner nations
• Transformation incorporates doctrine, training,
resources, employment & lessons learned – it is not just
theoretical
• Partnerships are essential and powerful
Main Points
Transformation is about Culture and Product
3
Department of Defense Priorities1. Successfully Pursue the Global War on Terrorism
2. Strengthen Combined/Joint Warfighting Capabilities
3. Transform the Joint Force
4. Optimize Intelligence Capabilities
5. Counter Proliferation of WMD
6. Improve Force Manning
7. New Concepts of Global Engagement
8. Homeland Security
9. Streamline DoD Processes
10. Reorganize DOD and USG to Deal with Pre-War Opportunities and Post-War Responsibilities
= JFCOM Priority
Transformation is a top U.S. defense priority
4
USJFCOM Mission
USJFCOM maximizes the Nation’s future and present
military capabilities by leading the transformation of
joint forces, through (1) joint concept development and
experimentation, identifying (2) joint requirements,
advancing interoperability, conducting (3) joint training,
and (4) providing ready continental U.S.-based forces
and capabilities – all to support the Combatant
Commands.
USJFCOM maximizes the Nation’s future and present
military capabilities by leading the transformation of
joint forces, through (1) joint concept development and
experimentation, identifying (2) joint requirements,
advancing interoperability, conducting (3) joint training,
and (4) providing ready continental U.S.-based forces
and capabilities – all to support the Combatant
Commands.
5
Transformation
Changing the nature of military competition and cooperation through new combinations of concepts, capabilities, and organizations to help underpin peace and stability in the world.
Transformation includes a full range from new high tech weapons to changing the way we think, train, exercise, fight and our partnerships in a complex world.
Transformation is about Culture and Product
PeacePeace ConflictConflict WarWar
Why Transform?
The Threat is Changing
Our adversaries will:
• fight by any means
• seek to deceive us
• exploit opportunities
• learn as they go
The Environment is ChangingCurrently optimized for this
Need better balance across the spectrum
Our Capabilities are Evolving
Capabilities must be optimized for the changing environment
7
Transforming the Joint Force The U.S. approach
Deconflict Service Forces
Stitch Service Seams
Integration of Service
Capabilities
Coherently JointCollaborative Coordination
Effects-BasedNetwork Centric
Interagency-Multinational
Army Forces
Air Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
Army Forces
Air Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
Army Forces
Air Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
Services Deconflicting
Services Coordinating
Services Integrating
A Full Spectrum capabilities-based
joint force
Multination
al
Interagency
The Future is our new “AOR”
SOF
SOF
SOF
8
JFCOM’s Transformation Engines
Integrating all enterprises to create coherent joint and combined capabilities
JointForce Trainer
JointInteroperability
Joint ForceProviderIntegration
Joint Concept Development and Experimentation
Trained and Ready Forces today are the foundation for transformation for tomorrow
Building tomorrow’s joint force today
9
Emerging Views
Industrial Age
Large heavy forces
Massed forces
Linearly
Long Build Up
Information Age
Terrorism and non-nation states
Massed Effects
Non-Linear
Rapid initiation & termination
Information Age
Knowledge Enabled
System understanding and analysis
Collaboration
Reach back
Networked
Precision
to
to
to
to
to
10
x x x x x x
Corps Marine ExpeditionaryForce (MEF)
x x x
Conventional
I I I
AIRGROUND
From Battlefield to Battlespace
HUMINT
UNMANNEDSENSORS & STRIKE
HomelandInformationEnvironment
SOFLight
SOF SOFSOF
SystemsAnalysis
INTEGRATEDAIR-GROUND
INTEGRATEDSOF-
CONVENTIONAL
PRECISION STRIKE
SYMMETRIC
ASYMMETRIC
PRECISION STRIKE
IO/PSYOP
WMD
SPACE
CYBER-SPACE
UNMANNED SYSTEMS
Threat
Allies
Heavy
Massed Forces Massed effects
Deconflicted Integrated Interdependent
Linearly – Sequential Simultaneous depth of space
Attrition warfare Rapid start/stop
Military to Military All elements of national power
Independent Networked
11
OIF vs Desert StormFewer land and air forcesExtensive use of SOFFirst use of Land Component CommanderRobust Collaborative Planning EffortGreater maneuver distances Fewer Iraqi missile launchesFewer oil wells set ablazeFewer munitions usedReduced costs
A Campaign of significant scope, scale, complexity and risk, and new capabilities
IRAQI FREEDOM in Context
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Contributing FactorsNorthern/Southern Watch--12 yr prep / 1 yr selected air interdiction OEF Afghanistan Experience Existing Component (Land, Sea, Air, SOF) & JTF HQ’sExisting C2 facilitiesLand and Sea prepositioned stocksLift improvements ($48B)Greater bandwidth capabilityMission rehearsal exercisesOvermatching Power
Determined time and place of attackRapid Air and Sea supremacyPrecision fires; Speed and depth of maneuver
A Campaign of significant scope, scale, complexity and risk, and new capabilities
IRAQI FREEDOM in Context
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The Big Issues – Quick Look
1. Capabilities that reached new levels of performance, and need to be sustained and improved Joint Integration and Adaptive Planning Joint Force Synergy SOF and SOF-Conventional Integration
2. Capabilities that demonstrated considerable effectiveness, but need enhancement Urban Operations Information Operations Intelligence, Surveillance, and
Reconnaissance3. Capabilities that fell short of expectations or
needs, and need to be redressed through new initiatives Battle Damage Assessment Fratricide Prevention Deployment Planning and Execution Reserve Mobilization Coalition Information Sharing
4. Second-Tier Issues Joint Fires Time Sensitive Targeting Overmatching Strike Training Theater Logistics Public Affairs/Media Integration Shaping Interagency Involvement EUCOM/CENTCOM Seam
5. Insights to future concepts Emerging Battlespace Knowledge-Enabled Warfare Effects-Based Operations
14
Allied Command Transformation Vision
NATO’s forcing agent for change, leading the
continuous improvement of Alliance capabilities
to uphold NATO’s global security interests
15
Allied Command Transformation JFCOM Relationship
• Cooperation and collaboration with NATO and Allies
is vital and mutually beneficial – a two way street
• Foundation for common understanding and
transformation
• Output and Outcome oriented
• Dedicated & complementary organizations
16
Allied Command Transformation JFCOM Near Term Effort
• Share Joint Force Training model and lessons learned
• NATO Response Force (NRF) Training
• Multinational Concept Development and
Experimentation
• Two Way Street with Allies’ Ideas and Concepts
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1. Transform NATO’s military capabilities.
2. Prepare, support and sustain Alliance operations.
3. Implement NATO Response Force and other deployable capabilities.
4. Achieve ACT full operational capability.
5. Assist transformation of partner capabilities.
Allied Command Long Term Priorities (draft)
18
Joint Concept Development Path
Joint Concept Development and Experimentation Strategy
FY 01
Joint Prototype Path
Provide actionable recommendations from experimentation results to senior leaders to inform options for future force investments
Field the Standing Joint Force Headquarters (SJFHQ) – including the enabling concepts for developing transformational joint command and control
Deliver rapid, prototyping of capabilities to improve joint warfighting now
Include our Combatant Commands, Services, Defense Agencies and Multinational partners; collaborate in experimentation activities
FY 04 FY 05 FY 06
FY 04 FY 05 FY 06
UnifiedUnifiedVisionVision20012001
Millennium Millennium Challenge 2002Challenge 2002
Operational Operational Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
FY 02 FY 03
Joint Prototype Path Approach
19
Conventional S-Curves(Micro View)
Innovation
t (or effort)
Pro
duct
Per
form
ance
Conventional S-Curve(Macro View)
Period of ‘Sustaining Innovation’Purpose: Maintain Market Dominance
Method: Continuous Product Improvement
What the “data” show (i.e, case studies)[Reference: The Innovator’s Dilemma by Clayton M. Christensen]
Thinking Skill SetLeadership
Focus Processes _
Sustaining DisruptiveInnovation Innovation
Period of ‘Disruptive Innovation’Purpose: Attain market dominance
Method: Put current capabilityor technology out of business
J9’s Focus
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Delivering Innovation
What prototypes should be embedded in training
… and when?
1
2
4
3
What concepts to develop?
What concepts become prototypes?
What concepts become fielded capabilities?
22
• The need to transform in a changing environment
• Dedicated transformation organizations can accelerate
change – if integrated and resourced
• Transformation is comprehensive: all organizations and
functions – military, interagency, and partner nations
• Transformation incorporates doctrine,training,
resources, employment & lessons learned – it is not just
theoretical
• Partnerships are essential and powerful
Main Points
Transformation is about Culture and Product