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3.4.1 DNA Replication 3.4 · 3.4Notes_DNAReplication.notebook 1 October 02, 2012 Nov 59:03 AM DNA...

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3.4Notes_DNAReplication.notebook 1 October 02, 2012 Nov 59:03 AM DNA Replication 3.4 Nov 59:03 AM 3.4.1 During Interphase, DNA must be replicated so that mitosis can generate two daughter cells that will each have an identical copy Nov 59:03 AM 3.4.1 The nucleus during Interphase: nuclear membrane separates fluid of nucleus from cytoplasm DNA is in form of chromatin (not densely coiled into chromosomes) enzymes are present: helicase, polymerase, ligase, primase free nucleotides are present (technically called nucleoside triphosphates) Nov 59:03 AM 3.4.1 General steps of DNA replication: 1) an enzyme called helicase unwinds and separates the strands of the DNA molecule. breaks the hydrogen bonds between bases forms the replication "bubble" or "fork" Nov 59:03 AM 3.4.1 2) Singlestranded binding proteins or helix destabilizing proteins keep two strands of DNA molecule apart. 3) RNA primase: an enzyme that synthesizes a short RNA primer on the DNA 4) DNA polymerase III: starts at the RNA primer and catalyzes the addition of free nucleotides to DNA strand. only work in the 5' to 3' direction (of the new strand) proof reads the DNA Nov 59:03 AM 3.4.1 psst: use the magic pen!!
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Page 1: 3.4.1 DNA Replication 3.4 · 3.4Notes_DNAReplication.notebook 1 October 02, 2012 Nov 59:03 AM DNA Replication 3.4 Nov 59:03 AM 3.4.1 •During Interphase, DNA must be

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October 02, 2012

Nov 5­9:03 AM

DNA Replication3.4

Nov 5­9:03 AM

3.4.1• During Interphase, DNA must be replicated so that mitosis can generate two daughter cells that will each have an identical copy

Nov 5­9:03 AM

3.4.1• The nucleus during Interphase:

­nuclear membrane separates fluid of nucleus from cytoplasm­DNA is in form of chromatin (not densely coiled into chromosomes)­enzymes are present: helicase, polymerase, ligase, primase­free nucleotides are present (technically called nucleoside triphosphates)

Nov 5­9:03 AM

3.4.1• General steps of DNA replication:

1) an enzyme called helicase unwinds and separates the strands of the DNA molecule.

­ breaks the hydrogen bonds between bases­ forms the replication "bubble" or "fork"

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3.4.12) Single­stranded binding proteins or helix­destabilizing proteins

­ keep two strands of DNA molecule apart.

3) RNA primase: an enzyme that synthesizes a short RNA primer on the DNA

4) DNA polymerase III: starts at the RNA primer and catalyzes the addition of free nucleotides to DNA strand.

­ only work in the 5' to 3' direction (of the new strand)­ proof reads the DNA

Nov 5­9:03 AM

3.4.1

psst: use the magic pen!!

Page 2: 3.4.1 DNA Replication 3.4 · 3.4Notes_DNAReplication.notebook 1 October 02, 2012 Nov 59:03 AM DNA Replication 3.4 Nov 59:03 AM 3.4.1 •During Interphase, DNA must be

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3.4.14) continued:

­ Leading Strand: a DNA polymerase III enzyme moves toward the replication fork adding nucleotides to the 3' to 5' parent strand (creating the 5' to 3' new strand)

= continuous

­ Lagging Strand: DNA polymerase III moves away from the replication fork on the 5' to 3' parent strand creating pieces called Okazaki fragments.

= discontinuous

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3.4.1

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3.4.15) DNA polymerase I: removes RNA primer and replaces it with nucleotides (DNA)

6) DNA ligase: joins fragments of DNA with sugar­phosphate bonds 

­ between Okazaki fragments on lagging strand­ where RNA primer was removed

animation

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3.4.2• Complimentary base pairing rules are used

­ A bonds with T­ C bonds with G

• This ensures ­ the correct base is incorporated into the new DNA strand­ conservation of the base sequence­ the newly formed strand is identical to the old strand it is replacing

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3.4.2

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3.4.3DNA replication is semiconservative.• the 2 strands of the original molecule are each used as a template for the formation of the new strands.• The result is two newly formed strands that each consist of one old strand and one new strand

Page 3: 3.4.1 DNA Replication 3.4 · 3.4Notes_DNAReplication.notebook 1 October 02, 2012 Nov 59:03 AM DNA Replication 3.4 Nov 59:03 AM 3.4.1 •During Interphase, DNA must be

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3.4.3This is opposed to old theories: 

• Conservative replication = one completely new double helix is formed and the old is preserved• Dispersive replication = the new double helix and the old are randomly mixed together

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3.4.3animation

further reading on experiments to confirm semiconservative replication: p 250-251

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Follow up activity:• CP Biology text: 

­ Read pages 333­335­ Answer the Assessment questions 1­5 on a separate sheet of paper

*write the question OR answer in complete sentences.

• IB Biology text:­ Read p 252­255 "DNA replication is complex and has several unique features"­ add information to your notes

Nov 7­7:43 PM


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