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36 Preli Suggestions for BCS

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    36 60

    AvšÍ R© vwZK, fy ‡Mvj, ‰bwZKZ g~ j¨‡eva-my-kvmb:

    Mahanur Islam

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    mv‡Rkvb: AvšÍ R© vwZK welqvejxmn 60 gvK© m (8-cvZv) †gv. gnvby i Bmjvg, wkÿK; wewmGm Kbwd‡WÝ (‡ejvj Av) 2

    ‰ewk¦ K BwZnvm: wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mvj: 1215 †Z ¯^ vÿwiZ nq e„ wUk kvmbZ‡š¿ i evB‡ej wn‡m‡e L¨vZ g¨vMbvKvU© v *PZz © `k kZ‡K BZvwji †d¬ v‡iÝ kni †_‡K †iu ‡bmvu evc~Y© RvMiY N‡U| *1688 mv‡j †MŠiegq weª wUk wecø e nq *1689 mv‡j RbM‡Yi/ bvMwiK AwaKv‡ii `wjj wn‡m‡e wej Ae i wUk msweav‡b ³ Kiv nq * 1740 mv‡j Bsj¨vÛ †_‡K wkí wecø ‡ei hvÎv ïiæ n‡q 1850 BD‡iv‡ci Rvg© vwb‡Z wkí wecø e Pz ovšÍ nq *1776 mv‡ji 4B Ry jvB gvw b hy ³ivóª ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡i *1789 mv‡ji 14 B Ry jvB mvg¨-fvZ… Z¡-¯^ vaxbZvi †kø vMvb wb‡q divwm wecø e nq d« v‡Ý *1917 mv‡j ivwk mgvRZvwš¿ K wecø e /ej‡kwfK wecø e / iæk wecø e /Kgy ¨wb÷ wecø e /A‡±vei wecø e/ gvK© mev`x wecø e *1949 mv‡j Px‡b nq gvIev`x mgvR K wec e*1959-60 wKDev‡Z mgvRZvwš¿ K wecø e, 1966 Px‡b mvs¯‹… wZK wecø e, 1979‡Z Biv‡b Bmjvgx wecø e, 1987 †Z wdwjw¯Í ‡b BwšÍ dv`v wecø e, 1989 mv‡†P‡Kvkø vwfqv‡Z †fj‡fU wifz ¨jy kb, 2003 G RwR© qv‡Z †ivR wecø e, 2005 mv‡j wKiwMR¯Í v‡b wUDwjc wecø e, 2005 mv‡j BD‡µ‡b A‡iÄ we e, 2010 mv‡j wZDwbwmqv‡Z †Rmwgb wecø e/Avie emšÍ, 2010 wgk‡i bxj wecø e, 2014 mv‡j nsKs G QvZv wecø e nq| * bvbwKs Pz w³i gva¨‡g 1896 mv‡j eQ‡ii Rb¨ nsKs e„ ‡U‡bi nv‡Z P‡j hvq Ges 1997 mv‡ji 1jv Ry jvB Px‡bi nv‡Z P‡j Av‡m *nsKs G 2047 Ges g¨vKvI‡Z 20 šÍ GK‡`k `y B bxwZ Pj‡e *`y B wf‡qZbvg GKwÎZ nq 1976 mv‡j| *wKDevi †ÿ‡cbv¯¿ msKU nq 1962 mv‡j iæk †cÖ wm‡W›U wbwKZv µz ‡ðf I BD Gm †cÖ wm‡W›UGd †K‡bwWÕi g‡a¨|

    AvšÍ R© vwZK cwi‡ek Bmy ¨ I K~ UbxwZ: 1896 mv‡j wMÖ bnvDm kãwU me© cÖ_g e¨envi K‡ib my BwWm weÁvbx †mvfb‡U© Avi‡nwbqvm Ges B‡KvjwR kãwU e¨envi K‡ib Av‡b© ÷ †nB‡Kj

    *me© cÖ_g †giæ cÖ ‡`‡kIRb¯Í ‡ii dvUj jÿ¨ K‡ib †Rvbv_b kvKwjb Ges me© cÖ_g mey R wecø ‡e i m„ wó K‡ib big¨vb †e‡jiM| * wMÖ b †Kwg ª cwi‡ek mnvqK ivmvqwbK c`v_© hv‡Z cwi‡e‡ki ÿwZ nq Kg Ges wMÖ b‡eë gy f‡g›U n‡”Q †Kwbqvi †bv‡ej weRqx Iqvs‡Mw Kg© m~ Px| *†Mø vevj wR‡iv n‡”Q 25 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ wek¦ ‡K cigvY~ A¯¿ gy ³KiY Kg© m~ Px| wMÖ bdvÛ n‡”Q cwi‡ek `~ ‡h© vM ‡gvKv‡ejv‡Z Mw* wMÖ bnvDm M¨vm n‡”Q Kve© b WvB A·vBW-49%, wg‡_b-18%, wmGdwm-14%, bvBUª vm A·vBW-6% I Ab¨vb¨ 13%| Avi GB†Mø vevj Iq© vwgs I K¬ vB‡gU †P‡Äi Rb¨ `vqx| *weMZ 100 eQ‡ii c„ w_exi ZvcgvÎv †e‡o‡Q cÖ vq .74 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm Ges 2021 mv evo‡Z cv‡i 1.1-6.4 wWwMÖ ‡mjwmqvm *wMÖ bnvDm M¨vm¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Kve© b g‡bv A·vBW me‡P‡q ÿwZKi, Mvwoi Kv‡jv †avu qv †_‡K GwU Z nq| * Uz-‡÷ª vK wewkó BwÄb 4-‡÷ª vK wewkó Bwćbi †P‡q †ewk evqy `~ lY NUvq e‡j 1jv Rvby qvwi 2013 XvKv kn‡i 2-‡÷ª vK BwÄb wbw nq| *evsjv‡`‡k 3wUcwi‡ek Av`vjZ Av‡Q: 1. XvKv 2.PÆMÖ vg 3.wm‡jU| *2002 mv‡j mviv †`k †_‡Kcwjw_b kwcse¨vM wbwl× Kiv *RvwZms‡Ni Z_¨g‡Z mgy ‡`& ª i cvwbi D”PZv 3 dz U evo‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU 17% fy wg mgy `& ªM‡f© wewjb n‡e| *evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q nq 1970 mv‡ji 12B b‡f¤^ i Ges 29 †k GwcÖ j 1991 Gi cÖ js¼ix N~ wY© So I R‡jv”Q¡ v‡m Ges 15B b‡f¤^ i 2007 wmWi G jÿ jÿ gvby l ÿwZMÖ ¯’ nq| * my bvwg Rvcvwb kã hvi A_© mvgy w`ª K f~ wgK¤ú| | *7.5 wiLUvi †¯‹j fz wgK‡¤úi mv‡_ my bvwg nq| *1776 mv‡ji 2 j evsjv‡`‡k me© cÖ_g my bvwg nq| *2011 †Z Rvcv‡bi dz Kz wmgv‡Z my bvwgi mv‡_ cvigvYy we`y ¨r ‡K›`ª aŸsm nq|* cÖ wZiÿv gš¿ vYvj‡q fz-DcMÖ ‡ni gva¨‡g gnvKvk M‡elYv †K›`ª ¯úvi‡mv cÖ vK… wZK `~ ‡hv© ‡Mi wmMb¨vj †`q| *evsjv‡`k‡K 3wU fz wgK¤úbxq A‡j fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q wiLUvi †¯‹‡ji 7 gvÎvi m‡ev© ”P Su y wK‡Z i‡q‡Q †`‡ki DËi-c~ e© AÂj|* wmWi A_© †PvL, AvBjv A_© Wjwdb, bvwM© m A_© dz j G¸‡jv fviZ gnvmvM‡ii So| *wiUv, K¨v‡Uwibv, n¨vwi cÖ f… wZ Av‡gwiKv A‡ji So|

    *1972 mv‡j cÖ_gcwi‡ek welqK AvšÍ R© vwZK m‡¤§jb Aby wôZ nq RvwZms‡N| *1992 mv‡j cÖ_g cwi‡ek bxwZ †NvwlZ nq| *evsjv wZbwUcwi‡ek Av`vjZ Av‡Q 1.wm‡jU 2. XvKv 3. PÆMÖ vg| *1972 mv‡ji 5-16B Ry b RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil‡`i DUNConference on Human Environment Aby wôZ nq| *GB m‡¤§jb †_‡KUnited Nations Environment Program(UNEP) MVb Kiv nq Ges 5B Ry b AvšÍ R© vwZK cwi‡ek w`em wn‡m‡e we‡k¦ i Rb¨ M„ wnZ nq| *GLvb †_‡KB 1988 †Z MVb KIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). *5B Ry b 1992 ˆRe ˆewPÎ msiÿY Kb‡fbkb ¯^ vÿwiZ nq Ges 1993 K nq *wec`¾bK eR¨© mxgvšÍ GjvKvq PjvPj wbqš¿Y msµvšÍ ev‡mj Kb‡fbkb 1989G M„ wnZ I 1993 Kvh©Ki Kiv nq

    *1st Earth Summit 92: RvwZms‡Ni D‡`¨v‡M 3-14B Ry jvB eª vwR‡ji cÖavb kni wiI wW ‡Rwbwi‡Z cÖ_g awiÎx m‡¤§jb Aby wôZ nq Rjevqy I cwi‡ek iÿvB GwUB cÖ_g †Kvb wek¦ e¨vcx m‡¤§jb| GB m‡¤§j‡b 800 c„ ôve¨vcxAgenda-21 bvgK Kvh© µg M„ wnZ nq| *EarthSummit+5 97 New York : 23-27 Ry b RvwZms‡Ni D‡`¨v‡M wbDBq© ‡K Aby wôZ nq| GB m‡¤§j‡b awiÎx m‡¤§j‡bi µg

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    ev¯Í evq‡bi wm×všÍ MÖ nY Kiv nq Ges 61 wU †`‡ki miKvi cÖavb wg‡jThe Program for the Further Implementation ofAgenda-27 M„ wnZ nq| *2nd Earth Summit Johannesburg- 02: mv‡ji 26‡k AvM÷ †_‡K 4B †m‡Þ¤^ i 2q awiÎx m‡¤ Aby wôZ nq| GB m‡¤§j‡b cwi‡e‡ki †Kvb ÿwZ bv K‡i Dbœ qb‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvIqvi K_v ejv nq| GB m‡¤§jbwUAgenda-5 MÖ nY Kiv nq.*3 rd Earth Summit 02 : wiI wW †Rwbwi‡Z 2012 Aby wôZ GB m‡¤§j‡b eª vwR‡ji gwnjv †cÖ wm‡W›U w`jgv iæ‡mdIqvì© DB Iqv›U Uz wmÓ bvgK e³e¨ cvV K‡i| RvwZms‡Ni gva¨‡g GB mey R A_© bxwZ M‡o †Zvjvi wm×všÍ MÖ nb Kiv nq| *1997 m Rvcv‡bi wK‡q‡Uv‡Z ¯^ vÿi K‡i 2005 mv‡j Kvh© Ki Kiv nq wK‡q‡Uv cÖ ‡UvKj , hvi gva¨‡g 2012 †Z 5.2% Kve© b WvB A·vBW w Kgv‡bv wm×vbZ †bIqv nq| *

    Montréal Protocle 1987 : KvbvWvi cÖavb kni gw›Uª ‡j I‡Rvb¯Í i webóKvix `~ wlZ ivmvqwbK c`v© ‡_i wb:miY Kgv‡bv Rb¨ w MÖ nY Kiv nq| 1989 G GB cÖ ‡UvKjwU Kvh© Ki Kivi ci cÖavYZ 4 evi Ges me© ‡gvU 8 evi GB cÖ ‡UvKj ms‡kvab Kiv nq |*Kyoto Protocol1997 : 1-10 wW‡m¤^ i Rvcv‡bi cÖ vPxb ivRavbx wK‡q‡Uv‡Z Dbœ Z‡`k¸‡jvi Kve© b wb:mi‡bi nvi Kwg‡q Avbvi Rb¨ 2012 ch© šÍ wb‡`© kbv cÖ `vb Kiv nq|5.2% K‡i Kve© b wb:miY Kgv‡Z ejv nq| wKš‘ 2012‡Z G‡m †`Lv hvq †h Gi nvi †Zv K‡gBwb ei e2013Õi 1jv Rvby qvwi †_‡K bZz b †gqv‡` Kve© b wb:miY Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ †gqv` wbav© iY Ki‡Z ejv nq 21|*Bio-Diversi ty Convention92: GB Kb‡fbk‡b 3wU wel‡qi Ici †Rvi †`Iqv nq: K. Rxe‰ewPÎ msiÿY L.Rxe‰ewP‡Îi mKj wKQ i †UKmB e¨envi M.‡R‡bw e¨env‡ii †ÿ‡Î cÖ vc¨ jv‡fi my ôz I mg wefvRb wbwðZ Kiv| *Millennium Development Summit Newyork 2000 : GB m‡¤§j RvwZms‡Ni wbDBq© ‡K fwel¨r ˆewk¦ K Dbœ q‡bi Rb¨ Dbœ qb g‡Wj wn‡m‡e 8B †m‡Þ¤^ i Millennium Development Goal Gi gva¨‡ Dbœ q‡bi 8wU jÿ¨gvÎv wbaviY Kiv nq| Gi †gqv` wQj 2012i 31 †k wW‡m¤^ i| wKš‘ jÿ¨ wKQy Uv Ac~Y© _vKvq 31 wW‡m¤^ i 2015 ch© šÍ G mgqmxgv ewa© Z Kiv nq| *World Summit on Sustainable Development Rio+10: GB AvšÍ R© vwZK m‡¤§j‡b 17wU47wU my PK I 170wU mn‡hvMx jÿ¨gvÎv wb‡q GB m‡¤§jb ïiæ nq|*Bali Summit 07: IPCC D‡`¨v‡M 2007 G eb wbab †iv‡ m‡¤§jb B‡›`v‡bwkqvi evwj Øx‡c Aby wôZ nq *2015 mv‡j BD‡iv‡ci †`k d« v‡Ýi wj ey i‡MU G Kc-21 m‡¤§jb Aby wôZ n‡e|

    *200 eQ‡ii BwZnv‡m me‡P‡q cÖ jsKix fz wgK¤ú AvNvZ nv‡b nvBwZ‡Z| *_vBj¨v‡Û cÖ_g RvZxq ch© v‡q cÖ vK… wZK `y ‡hv© M mZK©xKiY † Pvjy nq| * Rxe‰ewPΨ msµvšÍ Kb‡fbkb 5 B Ry b 1992G Kvh© Ki nq| *22‡k gvP© 1989 my BRvij¨v‡Ûi ev‡m‡j ev‡mj Kb‡fbkb ¯^ vÿwiZ n‡5B †g 1992 G Kvh© Ki nq| *we‡k¦ i me‡P‡q `~ wlZ evqy i †`k cvwK¯Í vb| * ‡Mø vevj Gbfvqib‡g›U cvidi‡gÝ Bb‡W· Õ-2014‡Z kxl© †`k my BRvij¨vÛ 2q jy ‡·gevM© ; me© wb¤œ ‡mvgvwjqv *evZv‡mi Kve© b WvB A·vB‡Wi cwigvb .03% * cÖ ‡dmi wU. wgWRwj Avwe® Z IRb ¯Í ‡ii

    dvU‡ji Rb¨ `vwq wmGdwm/‡K¬ vwib M¨vm evZv‡m 80-170 eQi ch© šÍ mwµq _v‡K* cwi‡ekevw` wd« R n‡”Q wmGdwm wenxb w R KviY G wmGdwm Kve© b WvB A·vB‡Wi Zz jbvq 20 nvRvi¸b †ewk Zvc AvU‡K ivL‡Z cv‡i *Mvp bxj e‡Y© i IRb M¨vm w`‡q MovIRb¯Í ‡ii ÿq me© cÖ_g jÿ¨ K‡ib weÁvbx †Rvbv_b kvKwjb *Dw™¢ ` I cÖ vYxi ci¯úi wg‡jwg‡k mw¤§jb‡K ejv nq B‡KvUb * B‡KvjwR K_vwU mevi c~ ‡e© e¨envi K‡i Rvg© b weÁvwb Av‡b© ÷ †nB‡Kj * f¨vwj Ae †W_ ejv nq eª vwR‡ji me‡P‡q `~ wlZ kni Kz evZvI‡K *eR© †_‡K we`y ¨r ˆZwii cÖ wµqv‡K nq ev‡qv-GkwUfv * me© cÖ_g cvwb `~ lY‡K cwi‡ek mgm¨v wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡ib cÖ vPxb wMÖ K cwÛZ wn‡cvwµUvm I Zvc e„ w× RbxZ cw wech© ‡qi Avfvm cÖ `vb K‡ib divwm MwYZ kv¯¿ we` †Rv‡md dz wiqvi *Rxe RM‡Zi Rb¨ me‡P‡q ÿwZKi iwk¥ Mvgv iwk vjvwbi d‡ evqy gÛ‡j Kve© bWvBA·vBW M¨vm e„ w× cvB *Zvc AvU‡K c‡o we‡k¦ i ZvcgvÎv e„ wׇK wMÖ b nvDm B‡d± e‡j *‡Mø vevj Iqvwg© s/wMÖ bnvDm B‡d‡±i Kvi‡Y ZvcgvÎ e„ w× †c‡q eidM‡j evsjv‡`‡ki wb¤œ f~ wg wbgw¾Z n‡e *2-‡÷vK wewkó hvbenb 4-‡÷v‡Ki †P `~ lY K‡iI wW‡Rj e¨env‡i evZv‡m mvjdvi WvB A·vBW e„ w× cvB; Avi GB mvjdvi WvB A·vBWGwmW e„ wói Rb¨ `vqx *cwi‡ek evÜe wd« ‡R wngv wn‡m‡e †d« qb e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K *XvKv kn‡ii evZv‡m wec¾bK c`v© _ wn‡m‡e wmmv _v‡K *

    AvšÍ R© vwZK ms¯’ v-msMVb: ms¯’ vi m`i `ßi ms¯’ vi bvg cÖ wZôv Kvj eZ© gvb m`m¨ cwiPvjK e© ‡kl m`m¨ ZenevaW-4 WHO 7 Ap 1948 194 gvM© v‡iU P¨vb . my `vb

    WTO 1st Janu 1995 162 iev© U Av‡Rwf‡`v vRvL¯Í vbWMO 23 Mr 1950 189 Av‡jRvÛvi †ewiwdK

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    ITU 1947 193 Nvgv`vb AvwnZmvwi ITC wek¦ e¨vcx vh© µg ICRC 1863 188 ‡nbwi Wy bv›U (cÖ wZôvZv) vBcÖ vm 186ZgICRC 1863 188 ‡nbwi Wy bv›U (cÖ wZôvZv) ICRC 1863 188 ‡nbwi Wy bv›U (cÖ wZôvZv)

    U-5 UPU 1948 192 ingvb †nv‡mb UNHRC 1950 120 Gš’ wb ¸›U© vm UNCTAD 1964 194 gyLwnmv wKUz B UNIRD Boy’s Scout 1907 wek¦ e¨vcx vh© µg e¨vWb cvI‡qj

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  • 8/17/2019 36 Preli Suggestions for BCS

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    AvšÍ R© vwZK cÖ hy w³i gva¨g: * Internate B›Uvi‡bU Pvjy nq 1969 mv‡j * Intranet B›Uª v‡bU Ggb GKwU I‡qemvBU hcÖ wZôv‡bi Kgx© iv Zv‡`i Af¨šÍ ixY †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨B e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i| * `y B ev Z‡ZvwaK B›Uª v‡bU ci¯úi mshy ³ n‡j Zv‡K ejv nqExtranet G·Uª v‡bU| *B›Uvi‡b‡Ui D™¢ veK wf›Ub †MÖ Kvd© (hy ³ivóª) * wWwRUvj K¨v‡givi RbK w÷‡fb †R wm‡mvb (hy ³ivóª) *†jRvi Gi RbK w_I‡Wvi †UW †gBg¨vb *e¨vsK ( ATM) Gi RbK Rb †kdvW© e¨vib (e„ ‡Ub); D™¢ veY 1967 mv‡j * Micro-soft gvB‡µv md‡Ui RbK wej †MUm (hy ³ivóª) ;1975 *( WWW) Gi RbK wUg evbvim wj (e„ ‡Ub); D™¢ veb 1991 mv‡j *Mobile †gvevB‡ji Avwe®‹viK gvwU© b wm. Kzcvi(hy ³ivóª);1973 * Yahoo Bqvû Õi RbK †Rwi Bqvs (ZvBIqvb) I †WwfW †d‡jv (hy³ivóª); 1995 mvj | *¸MjGoogle Gi RbK mv‡R© B web (hy ³ivóª); 1998|*†dmey ‡KiFacebook RbK gvK© Ry KvievM© (hy ³ivóª); cÖ wZôv 2004| * Twitter Uz BUv‡ii RbK R¨vK †Wvi‡mB (hy ³ivóª); cÖ wZôv 2006 * ey K (e-book) Gi RbK gvB‡Kj Gm nvU© *Compcat Disc Gi RbK †bvwiI InMv (Rvcvb) *Mouse RbK WMjvm G‡½jevU© (hy ³ivóª) *cÖ_g j¨vcU‡ci bvg Ameb© 1 (Osborne 1 ) *Avay wbKLaptop j¨vcU‡ci RbK wej †gvMvwiR *Search Engine RbK Gjvb GgUvR *me‡Micro-processor gvB‡µv cÖ ‡mmiIntel CorporationIntel cÖ wZwôZ nq 1968 mv‡j * E-mail B-‡gB‡ji RbK m¨vgy ‡qj †i Ug wjb(hy ³ivóª) * Wekileaks DBwKwjKm cÖ wZwôZ nq 4 A‡±vei 2006 DBwKwjKm Gi cÖ wZwôZv Ry wjqvb A¨vmvÄ (A‡÷ª wjqv) *Wekipedia cÖ wZwôZv wRwgI‡qjm&, hy ³ivóª (2001) * A¨vc‡ji w÷f Rem gviv hvb 5 A‡±vei, 2011-R¤§ 24 †deª y qvwi,1955; Rb¥ ¯’ vb mvbd« vwÝm‡Kv, h ³ivóª *w÷f Re‡mi AvZ¥Rxebx ev‡qvMÖ vwd Ae w÷f Rem * Apple A¨vcj cÖ wZwôZ nq 1 GwcÖ j, 1976 m`i `ßi K¨vwj‡dvwb© qv, hy ³ivóª *cÖ_g †gvevB wmg ˆZwi K‡i 1991 mv‡j wRwmw° GÛ †Wwf‡q›U |

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  • 8/17/2019 36 Preli Suggestions for BCS

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    ©Mahanur Islam

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