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3.8 GAW response to the growing need for data and information
Øystein HovChair JSC OPAG EPAC
Norwegian Meteorological InstituteCAS MG WMO Geneva 23-25 May 2013
Satelliteand in situnetworks
Core Services
Core
Services
Downstream
Services
Downstream
Services
Atmosphere/oceanoperationalusers
service outputs(others)
Core information
(atmosphere/ocean incl land and ocean interfaces)
User customizedinformation
(user products)
Real time input information (raw data)
NWP, NOP servicesStructure of Products, Services and Delivery system
R&D
The public
Free data policy. www.yr.no
Service delivery
Distribution of number of extreme events, fatalities, total and insured losses in respect to the different groups of natural perils.
DRR
GAW Information and Services
• Health of the planet• Anchor for satellite observations• We should care more for the 2M that die from
poor AQ every year (30k from extreme events)• Climate mitigation
– Trend analysis of CO2 and other gases and PM including their emissions/cycle components
• Sand and dust storm warning, pollution event warning including SR-information
Moisture, precipitationHeatMomentum
CO2 and other GHGsPM physical and chemical
characterisationHalocarbons and SF6
NOx
NH3
VOCCOSO2
HMPOP
Weather (incremental improvements in NWP)
Radiative forcing - climate response UNFCCC (§ co- benefits and tradeoffs; seasonal to decadal)Air quality – health National /regional regulations §Acid deposition – ecosystems §
Eutrophication – ecosystems , SR, Nr §
BDCVisibility-sand and dust storms, biomass burning, ash, pollen (GAW, WWRP) §Surface ozone – crop loss CLRTAP to global §UV – health and crops Vienna ConventionEmission tracking/trends/inversion §
Water availability and quality §Biodiversity BDC §Agriculture/food §
Fluxes between the Earth’s surface and the atmosphere
Protect life and property, safeguard the environment,contribute to sustainable development, promote long-term observation of met., hydrological, climatological data, incl related environmental data, promote capacity-building, meet international commitments
§ significant gains can be made through WMO contributions
NRT and archived data availability
MACC outline
http://www.gmes-atmosphere.eu/about/
http://www.gmes-atmosphere.eu/d/services/gac/nrt/nrt_fields!Ozone!Surface!108!Global!macc!od!enfo!nrt_fields!2013031500!!/
MACC2 surface ozone forecasts 19 March 2013 1200UTC (+108h)
Meteorologisk Institutt met.no
Contributions from European countries to Arctic pollution (2006) SLCF
met.no/EMEP CTM model calculations with ECMWF met.data
31%
12%
9%
9%6%
2%
18%
4%4%2% 3%
RU NO FI ATL SE GB PL FR NOS DE Rest
Secondary inorganic aerosols:
SO4, NO3, NH4
Primary PM2.5
8%
5%
9%5%4% 2% 2%
4%
19%38%
4%
GIPPS
Urbanization prospects in 2050 Half of world’s population
already lives in urban areas
Between 2011 and 2050 population to increase from 7 to over 9 billion
Urban population to increase from 3.6 to 6.2 billion, 66% of total population
Most urban population growth to occur in the less developed regions
The number of megacities (10 million) is currently 23 and is expected to reach 37 in 2025.
Adapted from United Nations 2012
Percentage of urban population
MEGACITIES
Meteorological data: Private good or public good? • Public good: Is not used up
even if many take part in using it. Not suited for the market
• Private good: Is used up (shoes!). A requirement for a functioning market.
• Positive externalities are lost when public goods are commercialised
• All data (observations and prognosis) owned by MET-Norway are available at zero data price
• Free license arrangement
.hov
www.yr.no, number of unique users per week 2008-2012
Resolution 40 (Cg-XII 1995) WMO policy and practice for the exchange of
meteorological and related data and products with guidelines on relationships in commercial meteorological activities
http://www.wmo.int/pages/about/Resolution40_en.html
• As a fundamental principle WMO commits itself to broadening and enhancing the free and unrestricted international exchange of meteorological and related data and products;– (1) Members shall provide on a free and unrestricted basis essential
data and products which are necessary for the provision of services in support of the protection of life and property and the well-being of all nations,
– (2) Members should also provide the additional data and products which are required to sustain WMO Programmes at the global, regional, and national levels and, further, as agreed, to assist other Members in the provision of meteorological services in their countries.
– (3) Members should provide to the research and education communities, for their non-commercial activities, free and unrestricted access to all data and products exchanged under the auspices of WMO
yr.no: 23 mill forecast downloads per day
• Develop GAW into a three-dimensional network through integration of all kind of observations from surface to space
Main Long-term Objectives
Rationale
Mission
Objectives
Implementation
Strategic Plan for GAW 2008-2015
• Start delivering data in near real time by using WMO GTS/WIS
• Merge all activities from the observation to the users application into coherent data processing chains related to a GAW quality management system
• Support assimilation of the essential climate variables in atmospheric transport and numerical weather prediction models
World Meteorological OrganizationFebruary 24, 2005
GAW World Data Centres
GCOS Data Centres
Global Run-off Data Centre
Global Precip. Climatology Centre
IRI, Hadley Centre, and other climate research centres; Universities;Regional Climate Centres(CIIFEN, etc.)
International Organizations (IAEA, CTBTO, UNEP, FAO.. )
Commercial Service
Providers
World Radiation Centre
Regional Instrument Centres
WMO World Data Centres
International Projects (e.g. GMES HALO)
Real-time “push”On-demand “pull”
internet
DCPC
NC/DCPC
NCNC
NC/DCPC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
GISC
GISCGISC
SatelliteTwo-Way Systems
Satellite Dissemination(IGDDS, RETIM,
etc)
NC
NC
DCPC
GISC GISC
DCPC
WIS Vision
27-29 April 2011, OPAG-EPAC JSC, Geneva
WDCGG and Other GAW Data CentersData Collection or Production Centres (DCPCs)
Global Information System Centres (GISCs)
Discovery Access and Retrieval Services in WIS
ISO compliant Meta Data format and contents
27-29 April 2011, OPAG-EPAC JSC, Geneva
Two parallel parts:Part A: Further improvements of the GTS for time-critical and operation-critical data for all WMO Programmes
Part B: Extension of services through flexible data discovery, access and retrieval services (DAR) through the Internet – a component of WIGOS for new data sets. Metadata driven.
WIS Implementation Plan
27-29 April 2011, OPAG-EPAC JSC, Geneva
Internet
Functions of the WDCGG and the Data Flow
18
Provision of data
Data submitters Data users
Archived data
WDCGG
Search, visualization
Products/Services
Data validation and reformatting
Metadata
Confirmation
Acceptance of data
Global analysis
WDCGG Data Submission and Dissemination Guide (GAW Report No. 188)
Points in a GAW strategy 2016-2019
• USER DRIVEN PRODUCTS: AQ, deposition, UV, dust incl volcanic ash, climate, NWP incl seasonal weather forecasts, marine input
• TOWARDS “ONE CHAIN”: Research driven and operational observations, model development and application, and services
• CORE GAW ACTIVITY: Doing Good Observations, not only collecting others’
• POLICY FACILITATION: DRR, GIPPS, AQ, CLRTAP, GFCS, IPCC, new global/regional alliances, and FEWER PARALLEL PROCESSES in policies’ underpinning
• DATA STEWARDSHIP. WIS (WIGOS). User-data provider interaction. Interoperability. Free data policy.
• FOSTER COUNTRY CONTRIBUTIONS to research, infrastructure, education, institutional building
• Management structure; community of practise
Thank you for the attention
GAW links to other WMO initiativesFor GFCS – GAW contributes through observations and services related to drivers of climate change (e.g. GHG Bulletin) and applications in various priority areas (e.g. health, agriculture and food security), through the Research and Observations and Monitoring Pillars.
For WIGOS and WIS – purpose is to enhance the interoperability and availability of high-quality observational data as the foundation for new and improved services. GAW is actively involved in the implementation of both WIS and WIGOS providing insights into best practices related to atmospheric composition observations and data and also to derive benefits from more sustainable and better integrated observational networks;
For WWRP Polar Prediction Project – a multi year research initiative to address the growing requirements for improved weather services on time scales from hours to seasonal in the rapidly changing polar regions. The inclusion of atmospheric composition in the modelling and prediction systems is viewed as a necessity. Improved understanding of processes in polar regions are also expected to have advantages to predictive skills in mid-latitudes.
•Some words from the last year document
Considering the observed and projected changes in polar regions, their importance to the global weather and climate system and the emerging needs for new weather and climate services in polar regions, it should be noted that:
GAW is a fundamental programme for building a better understanding of the various feedbacks that occur in polar regions and improving modelling of the weather and climate system;GAW observation activities are coming under increasing threat (especially in polar regions) due to financial pressure exactly at a time when their value is increasing;Models being develop for new environmental services in polar regions require comprehensive atmospheric chemistry and aerosol information at higher special resolution