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The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Complete Works of Richard Crashaw, VolumeII (of 2), by Richard Crashaw, Edited by Alexander Balloch Grosart
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and withalmost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away orre-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License includedwith this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
Title: The Complete Works of Richard Crashaw, Volume II (of 2)
Author: Richard Crashaw
Editor: Alexander Balloch Grosart
Release Date: January 13, 2012 [eBook #38550]
Language: English
Character set encoding: UTF-8
***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE COMPLETE WORKS OF RICHARDCRASHAW, VOLUME II (OF 2)***
E-text prepared by Taavi Kalju, Rory OConor, and the Online DistributedProofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously madeavailable by Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries(http://www.archive.org/details/toronto)
Note: Project Gutenberg also has Volume I of this work.See http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38549
Images of the original pages are available throughInternet Archive/Canadian Libraries. Seehttp://www.archive.org/details/completeworksfor02crasuoft
Transcriber' note:
A character following a carat is supercripted (example:
y^e). When two or more characters are superscripted theyare enclosed in curly brackets (example: D^{ris}).
The Fuller Worthies' Library.
THE COMPLETE WORKS OF RICHARD CRASHAW.
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In Two Volumes.
VOL. II.
ESSAY ON LIFE AND WRITINGS.
EPIGRAMMATA ET POEMATA LATINA: TRANSLATED FOR THEFIRST TIME. GLOSSARIAL INDEX.
London:Robson and Sons, Printers, Pancras Road, N.W.
The Fuller Worthies' Library.
THE COMPLETE WORKS OF RICHARD CRASHAW.
For the First Time Collectedand Collated with the Original and Early Editions,and Much Enlarged with
I. Hitherto unprinted and inedited Poems from Archbishop Sancroft'sMSS. &c. &c.
II. Translation of the whole of the Poemata et Epigrammata.III. Memorial-Introduction, Essay on Life and Poetry, and Notes.IV. In Quarto, reproduction in facsimile of the Author's own
Illustrations of 1652, with others specially prepared.
Edited by the
REV. ALEXANDER B. GROSART,
St. George's, Blackburn, Lancashire.
In Two Volumes.
VOL. II.
Printed for Private Circulation.1873.
156 copies printed.
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PREFACE.
In our Essay and Notes in the present Volume we so fully state suchthings as it seemed expedient to state on the specialties of ourcollection of Crashaw's Latin and Greek Poetry, in common with our likecollection of his English Poetry in Vol. I., that little remains forpreface here, beyond our wish renewedly to express our gratitude andobligations to our fellow-workers on the Translations now submitted. Thenames given at p. 4 herein, and the markings on the margin of theContents, will show how generously my own somewhat large proportion ofthe task of love has been lightened by them; and throughout I have beenaided and animated by the cordiality with which the friends haveresponded to my demands, or spontaneously sent their contributions.Preminently I owe thanks to my 'brother beloved,' the Rev. RICHARDWILTON, M.A., Londesborough Rectory, Market Weighton.
On the text of the Latin and Greek I refer to the close of our Essay;but I must acknowledge willing and scholarly help, on certain pointswhereon I consulted them, from Rev. Dr. HOLDEN, Ipswich, Rev. Dr.JESSOPP, Norwich, and W. ALDIS WRIGHT, Esq. M.A. Cambridge (as before);albeit the inevitable variety of suggested emendations, as onward,compelled me to limit myself to as accurate a reproduction as possibleof the text of Crashaw himself, obvious misprints excepted.
I have now to record the various University Collections whereinCrashaw's earliest poetical efforts appeared--all showing a passionateloyalty, which indeed remained with him to the end.
(_a_) Anthologia in Regis exanthemata; seu gratulatio MusarumCantabrigiensium de felicissime conservata Regis Caroli valetudine,1632.
(_b_) Ducis Eboracensis Fasciae a Musis Cantabrigiensibus raptimcontextae, 1633.
(_c_) Rex Redux; sive Musa Cantabrigiensis Voti ... et felici reditu
Regis Caroli post receptam coronam comitaque peracta in Scotia, 1633.
(_d_) Carmen Natalitium ad cunas illustrissimae Principis Elizabethaedecantatum intra Nativitatis Dom. solemnia per humiles CantabrigiaeMusas, 1635.
(_e_) , sive M s r m C t brigie si m co ce t s etco gr t l tio sere issim m Brit i r m Regem C rol m e q i t ssobole cl rissim Pri cipe sibi per felicissime t , 1637.
(_f_) Voces votiv e b Ac emicis C t brigie sib s pro ovissimo C roliet M ri e Pri cipe Filio emiss e, 1640.
It is otice ble f ct, th t Cr sh w while still so yo g sho l h vebee i vite to co trib te to these U iversity Collectio s lo g withWre , He ry More, E w r Ki g ('Lyci s'), Joseph Be mo t, E w rR i bow, ki re . His pieces i e ch re recor e i the pl ces io r Vol mes. They i vite critic l comme t; b t o r sp ce is f llyexh ste .
By the liber lity of F. MADOX-BROWN, Esq. R.A. I m e ble to f r ish(i the 4to) i this o r eco Vol me mir ble photogr ph, byHollyer of Lo o , of his c rtoo for the memori l-wi ow i Peterho se,
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C mbri ge. Peterho se is t l te-l st oi g ho o r to some of her so sth s. Professor W r , of Owe s' College, M chester, h s the pr ise, sthe privilege, of prese ti g the Cr sh w portio of the fi e Wi ow.The fig re is f ll of ig ity impressive ess; we m y ccept thecre tio of the P i ter's ge i s for Portr it. The ccessoriesre s ggestive of f mili r f cts i the life poetry of Cr sh w.Vig ette-ill str tio s from W.J. LINTON, Esq. Mrs. BLACKBURN g ior o r vol me (i 4to). I reg r th t to the 'C ptive Bir ' (p. xxi.)
s gem. Fi lly, I c ot s fficie tly ck owle ge the c lt resymp thy with which Mr. CHARLE ROB ON (of my Pri ters), o e of the olle r e school, h s coper te with me i sec ri g cc r cy. To 'err is
h m ,' b t I believe o r Vol mes will be fo s little blemishe smost. O e mispri t, however, c ght o r eye, j st whe o r completeVol. I. w s se t o t, which tro ble s s m ch s ever it wo l h veo e Ritso , viz. ' chor' for ' rrow' i Cowley's 'Hope' (p. 176, l.23). Ge tle Re er, be so goo s correct this t o ce.
A.B.G.
P rk View, Bl ckb r , L c shire,M rch 4, 1873.
P. . Three sm ll overlooke items be ri g o Cr sh w h vi g beerecovere from missi g Note-book, I them here.
(__) The 1670 e itio of the ' teps,' &c. (whose title-p ge is give iVol. I. xliv.) w s re-iss e with te title-p ge s 'The ThirE itio . Lo o , Pri te for _Rich r Be tly_, _J cob To so_, _Fr cis
ers_, _Tho. Be ett_.' It is from the s me type, i e tic li every w y except the fresh title-p ge, with the (so-c lle ) '2E itio .'
(_b_) I Thom s hipm 's 'C roli , or Loy l Poems' (1683) there issomewh t sc rril piece e title 'The Pl gi ry, 1658. Upo .C.,Presbyteri Mi ister C pt i , ste li g forty-eight li es fromCr sh w's Poems, to p tch- p Elegy for Mr. F. P[ierpo t].' A verysm ll specime m st s ffice:
' oft, sir,--st !Yo re rr ig ' for theft; hol p yo r h .Imp e t theft s ever w s exprest,Not to ste l jewels o ly, b t the chest;Not to ib bits of gol from Cr sh w's li es,B t swoop whole strikes together from his my es.'
A other piece, 'The Promise. To F.L. Esq., with Cr sh w's Poems (1653),'h s othi g q ot ble.
(_c_) I Aylett's Poems, 'Pe ce with her Fowre G r e s,' &c. (1622),there re three little comme tory poems sig e 'R.C.,' these h ve
bee ssig e to Cr sh w; b t '1622' forbi s this, s he w s the o lyi his 9-10th ye r. G.
CONTENT .
As either Cr sh w or his e rly E itors f r ishe Co te ts to the
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Epigr mm t et Poem t , we re left free to eci e thereo ;i sm ch s (__) o r tr sl tio s re i te e to m ke Vol. II. sge er lly ccessible erstoo s Vol. I, s (_b_) very fewof those here first pri te h ve he i gs, or the cript re-textso ly--we h ve eeme it expe ie t to give s Co te ts the s bjectsi E glish. The chol r-st e t will fi the L ti he i gs of theA thor i their pl ces. I the right-h m rgi the i iti ls of therespective Tr sl tors re give ; o which see pp. 4-5, Notes tothe s ccessive ivisio s. [*] o left-h m rgi i ic tes there is
Greek versio lso: [] pri te for first time: [] tr sl te forfirst time. G.
I. ACRED EPIGRAM , 1-164. 1634-1670.
TRAN . PAGE
Note 2
De ic tio : L ti , pp. 7-11; E glish G., CL. 11
To the Re er: L ti , pp. 16-22; E glish G. 22
* 1. Two we t p i to the Temple to pr y CR., B. 35
2. Upo the sse th t bore o r vio r CR., G. 36
3. The Lor ' espise rejecte ' by His owpeople B. 37
4. The cripple t the Pool of Bethes CL., G. 37
5. Christ to Thom s CL., A. 38
6. Whosoever will lose his life for My s ke sh llfi it A., CR. 39, 206
7. M ry M g le e e rly, whe it w s yet rk,cometh to the sep lchre G. 40
8. O the mir cle of m ltiplye lo ves G. 40
9. O the b ptize Ethiopi CR., B. 41
10. The p blic st i g f r off, smote o hisbre st G. 42
* 11. The wi ow's mites CR. 43
12. M ry, which lso s t t Jes s' feet, he r
His wor G. 43
13. The esce t of the Holy pirit G. 44
14. O the Pro ig ll CR. 45
15. I m re y ot to be bo o ly, b t to ye[1] CR., G. 45
16. O Hero worshippe s go , e te of worms CL. 46
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17. Whe he s w the wi boistero s, he w s fr i ,&c. G. 46
18. He offere them mo ey CL. 47
19. The sh ow of t. Peter he ls the sick G. 47
20. The mbe he le , the people e joy esile ce CR., G. 48
21. A cert i e priest commi g th t w y looke o
him, &c. CR., G., A. 49 22. The gr tef l lepers G. 50
23. Be ye ot frette bo t to-morrow G., A. 51
24. M tthew c lle from the receipt of c stom R. WI. 52
25. The e so re- elivere to his mother CL. 52
26. It is better to go i to he ve with o e eye, &c. CR., G. 53
27. The m ill of ropsy c re G. 54
28. There w s o room for them i the I G. 55
29. Upo L z r s his te res CR., G. 55
30. C iph s gry th t Christ co fesses He is theChrist G. 56
31. B t tho gh He h o e so m y mir cles, &c. CL. 56
32. To . A rew, fisherm G. 57
33. I m the voice G. 57
34. The ch i s spo t eo sly f ll off G. 58
35. O All- i ts' D y R. WI. 58
36. Upo the Pow er- y CR. 59
37. Go i the Virgi 's womb R. WI. 59
38. To the Jews, m r erers of t. tephe G. 61
39. t. Joh i exile G. 61
40. To the i f t m rtyrs CR., B. 62
41. The blesse Virgi seeks Jes s G. 63
42. I m ot worthy, &c. CR. 63
43. A He swere them othi g CR., G. 64
44. Now lettest Tho Thy serv t ep rt i pe ce CL. 65
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45. The Wor mo g thor s G. 65
46. The J ic Christi bb th G. 66
47. The bli c re by the wor of o r vio r CR. 67
48. My b r e is light G. 67
49. O the mir cle of lo ves CR., R. WI. 67
50. Now we k ow Thee to h ve evil G. 68
51. O the blesse Virgi 's b shf l ess CR. 69
52. O the wo s of o r cr cifie Lor R. WI. 69
53. Wherefore e teth yo r M ster with P blic s? G. 71
* 54. Come, see the pl ce where the Lor l yVpo the sep lchre of o r Lor CR. 72
55. The th kf l lepers. (Where re the i e?) G. 72
56. O the still-s rvivi g m rkes of o r vio r's
wo s CR., G. 73
57. The sick implore t. Peter's sh ow CR., G. 74
58. Why re ye tro ble ? Behol My h s, &c. G. 75
59. The ch i s spo t eo sly fell from Peter, &c. G. 75
60. From his bo y there were bro ght ...h kerchiefs, &c. R. WI. 76
61. Christ the Vi e to the Vi e resser-F ther G. 76
62. Almost tho pers est me to be Christi . CL. 77
63. B t me love rk ess r ther th light CR., B., G. 77
64. Dives ski g rop CR. 78
65. How c m be bor whe he is ol ? R. WI. 79
66. The tree rie p by the wor of Christ G. 80
67. Z ch ri s i cre lo s CL. 80
68. O the w ter of o r Lor 's b ptisme CR., B. 81
69. The bowe - ow wom he le by the Lor , &c. G. 81
70. Neither rst y m ... sk Him y moreq estio s G. 82
71. t. Joh his mother B. 82
72. If Tho be the o of Go , c st Thyself ow B. 83
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73. The Lor weepi g over the Jews B. 83
74. Nor eve s this p blic G. 84
75. O l bli e with too m ch light R. WI. 84
76. Blesse re the eyes which see B., G. 85
77. Her so is elivere to his mother from the bierR. WI. 85
78. O the wise of this worl R. WI. 86 79. The Jews seeki g to c st Christ he lo g from
precipice G. 87
80. The c sti g ow of the r go G. 87
81. The blesse Virgi believi g G. 87
82. Is it l wf l to give trib te to Cs r? G. 88
83. The mi strels crow m ki g oise bo t the e G. 89
84. The fisherme c lle B., G., A. 89
85. Give to Cs r ... to Go CR., G. 90
86. The Lor bor e o the ss B., R. WI. 90
87. They sh ll see the o of M comi g i clo G. 91
88. Except I sh ll p t my fi gers, &c. G. 91
89. To the Jews sto i g tephe G. 92
90. To t. Joh the belove isciple G. 92
91. Upo the i f t m rtyrs CR., G. 93
92. Go with s G. 93
93. The circ mcisio of Christ: Vol. I. pp. 48-9; CR. 94
94. The Epiph y of o r Lor CL. 94
95. Lo, we h ve so ght Thee, &c. G. 95
96. W ter t r e i to wi e G., CL., A. 96
97. The Lor t ist ce he ls the bse t serv t,&c. G. 97
98. Why re ye so fe rf l? B. 97
99. Now lettest Tho Thy serv t ep rt i pe ce CL. 98
100. Goo see i the fiel G. 99
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101. he beg to w sh His feet, &c. CR., CL. 99
102. Wh t seekest th t I o to thee? G. 100
103. The sile ce of Christ to the wom of C G. 101
104. Blesse be the p ps which Tho h st s cke CR. 101
105. Christ the Vi e (i cl i g the br ches) G. 102
106. Verily I s y to yo , Yee sh ll weepl me t CR. 102
107. Christ the goo hepher B., CL. 103
108. O the wo s of the cr cifie Lor CR., G. 104
109. The p r lytic he le G. 104
110. The took they p sto es G. 105
111. O the Res rrectio of the Lor R. WI. 105
112. B t some o bte R. WI. 106
113. The sc rs of the wo s which the Lorshowe , &c. G. 106
114. Joh se s to Jes s, &c. CL. 107
115. O t. Peter c tti g off M lch s his e re CR. 108
116. The withere h he le G., B. 108
117. To Po ti s w shi g his h s CR., B. 108
118. The st ter-givi g fish G. 109
119. I h ve overcome the worl B., A. 110
120. O the sce sio of o r Lor R. WI. 111
* 121. The esce t of the Holy pirit G. 112
122. Go so love the worl , th t He g ve His... o R. WI. 112
123. I h ve bo ght five yoke of oxe G. 113
124. t. P l he li g the l me m with wor , &c. R. WI. 113
* 125. To the s cre Dove lighti g o the he ofChrist W. 114
126. The oors of the priso self-ope i g to Peter G. 115
127. The Ph risees m rm re , &c. G., B. 116
128. O the be m of the Ph risee R. WI. 116
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129. They etermi e ... he sho l be p t o tof the sy gog e A. 117
130. Co cer i g the pr yer of the so s of Zebe ee CL., B. 117
131. To the g ests t the mir c lo s s pper of thefive lo ves R. WI. 118
132. Christ overcomi g the worl G. 119
133. The Greci isp t ts go bo t to kill t.P l R. WI. 119
134. He th t is gre test mo g yo , let him be sthe yo ger B. 120
135. He behel the city, wept over it R. WI. 120
136. Christ i Egypt R. WI. 121
137. The bli co fessi g Christ, &c. G., B. 121
138. If y m will come fter Me, &c. G. 122
139. A he left ll ... followe Him B., G. 122
140. Ye b il the sep lchres of the Prophets CR., G. 123
141. The m with the withere h , &c. G. 123
142. L ke the belove physici B., A. 124
143. The ropsic l m thirsti g ow for Christ G. 125
144. To the ssembly of ll the W., A. 125
145. Christ he ls i bse ce CL. 127
146. The m bor bli B., A. 127
147. A they l ghe t Him G. 127
148. The wis om of the worl CL. 128
* 149. O the st ble where o r Lor w s bor A. 128
150. t. tephe to his frie s, to r ise o mo me t CL. 130
151. O t. Joh , whom Domiti c st i to
c l ro , &c. CL. 130
152. The i f t-m rtyrs G. 131
153. They bro ght to Him ll sick people, &c. R. WI. 131
154. A swor sh ll pierce thro gh thy ow so l G. 132
155. O the bloo of the Lor 's circ mcisio R. WI. 133
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156. The Chil Jes s mo g the octors R. WI. 134
157. To o r Lor , po the w ter m e wi e CR., G. 135
158. The I f t Christ is prese te to the F theri the Temple R. WI. 135
159. The leper beseechi g G. 136
160. Why re ye fr i ? CR., B. 137
161. They te ch c stoms, &c. R. WI. 138* 162. Comm th t this sto e become lo f G. 139
163. The wom of C R. WI. 139
164. Upo the mbe evill c st o t, &c. CR. 140
165. They s i , This is of tr th th t Prophet R. WI. 141
166. It w s wi ter, Jes s w lke i olomo 'sporch R. WI. 141
167. They g ve l rge mo ey to the sol iers R. WI. 142
168. To the blesse Virgi : co cer i g the gelics l t tio R. WI. 143
169. To Po ti s w shi g his bloo -st i e h s CR. 144
170. O the y of the Lor 's P ssio R. WI. 144
171. O the y of the Lor 's Res rrectio , &c. A. 146
172. O the sc rs of the Lor still rem i i g R. WI. 147
173. My pe ce I give to yo R. WI. 149
174. P l's co versio bli ess CL. 149
175. I m the W y, &c. R. WI. 150
176. O the ight wi ter jo r ey of the I f tLor R. WI. 150
177. I o ot s y th t I will pr y the F ther foryo A. 157
* 178. O the y of the Lor 's Asce sio R. WI. 159
* 179. The bli m implores Christ R. WI. 160
* 180. Wh t m of yo h vi g h re sheep, &c. R. WI. 161
* 181. To Hero behe i g t. J mes R. WI. 162
* 182. The bli me h vi g receive their sight, &c. R. WI. 163
* 183. Z cche s i the syc more-tree R. WI. 164
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184. O o r cr cifie Lor , ke bloo y CR. 164
185. mpso to his D lil h CR. 164
ECULAR EPIGRAM , 165-6.
1. Upo For 's two Tr ge yes, 'Love's crifice' 'The Broke He rt' 165
2. Vpo the F ire Ethiopi , &c. 1653. O m rri ge 165
4. O N s mo te po t 165
5. Vpo Ve s p tti g-o M rs his rmes 166
6. Vpo the s me 166
7. O t of M rti ll 166
II. ACRED EPIGRAM , NEVER BEFORE PRINTED, 167-205.
1. t. P l the viper G. 169
2. The mir cle of the lo ves G. 169
3. Of the te rs of the s fferi g Christ G. 170
4. The sep lchre of the Lor G. 171
5. The p rti g wor s of Love G. 172
6. Hero evo re of worms G. 172
7. It is goo to be here G. 173
8. Look o the lilies, &c. R. WI. 173
9. The e f he le R. WI. 173
10. The mo esty of the blesse Virgi G. 174
11. I se yo s l mbs, &c. G. 174
12. Christ c rrie by the evil G. 175
13. t. Joh the B ptist voice G. 175
14. Joh the Voice, Christ the Wor G. 176
15. O the birth of the Lor , &c. G. 176
16. Of the 'bl e-bloo ' pri e of the Athe i s G. 177
17. I m the Tr e Vi e G. 178
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18. The ep rt re of Christ l me te , &c. G. 178
19. O the esce t of the Holy pirit R. WI. 179
20. Life De th G. 179
21. I m the Doore CR., G. 180
22. Upo the thor es t ke ow e from o r Lor 'she , &c. CR., G. 181
23. Nico em s G. 181 24. To Domiti , co cer i g t. Joh , &c. R. WI. 183
25. The voice of the B ptist G. 183
26. O t. Peter loose by the gel R. WI. 184
27. O t. Peter c sti g w y his ets, &c. CR., G. 184
28. The L mb of Go , &c. G. 185
29. The mir c lo s r ght of fishes G. 186
30. Lor , ot my feet o ly, &c. G. 186
31. Tho gh they behel so m y mir cles, &c. G. 186
32. O the clo which receive the Lor R. WI. 187
33. He s w the city, wept over it G. 188
34. Nor eve s this p blic R. WI. 189
35. His Disciples c me woke Him R. WI. 189
36. The wom of C G. 189
37. Wherefore sitteth yo r M ster with si ers, &c. G. 191
38. Mir cles of he li g, &c. G. 191
39. To t. L ke the physici R. WI. 192
40. He be rs His ow cross G. 193
41. Upo o r Lor 's l st comfort ble isco rse, &c. CR., G. 194
42. A they sp t po Him G. 194
43. He beso ght th t He wo l go with him, &c. G. 194
44. For re c me po him, &c. G. 196
45. B t ow they h ve see h te CR., G. 196
46. The bli s ppli t G. 197
47. The Ph risees i si io sly w tchi g, &c. G. 199
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48. To che the hem of His g rme t, &c. R. WI. 200
49. The ep rti g vio r R. WI. 200
50. P l fe ri g [p ge 45, ] G. 201
51. The mess ge of the B ptist to Christ R. WI. 202
52. Gifts to Jes s R. WI. 202
53. O the blesse Virgi 's e sy p rt ritio R. WI. 203 54. Upo o r vio r's tombe, &c. CR., G. 204
55. O the Holy pirit esce i g, &c. R. WI. 205
56. Life for e th CR. 205
57. O the Divi e love CR. 205
III. LATIN POEM . PART FIR T: ACRED. HITHERTO UNCOLLECTED, 207-218.
F ith, which lo e j stifies, exists ot witho thope love G. 209
B ptism c cels ot fter-si s CL. 216
IV. LATIN POEM . PART FIR T: ACRED. NEVER BEFORE PRINTED, 219-242.
Ps lm 1. 221
Wr th of the j gme t-whirlwi R. WI. 221
Eve so: come, Lor Jes s R. WI. 223
Circ mcisio of Christ R. WI. 225
The Virgi M ry, o losi g the Chil Jes s R. WI. 229
W r i he ve R. WI. 231
We o ot receive, b t m ke, short life R. WI. 233
M rtyrs R. WI. 235
Hope R. WI. 237
O tephe 's crow R. WI. 239
Jes s Christ's expost l tio with gr tef lworl R. WI. 241
LATIN POEM . PART ECOND: ECULAR, 243-92.
I. _From ' teps to the Temple' 'Delights of the M ses.'_
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The B bble G. 247
Pe ce of mi , er the similit e of c ptiveso g-bir G. 258
G i o t of loss G. 263
Descriptio of h m life R. WI. 266
O Pygm lio A., G. 269
Ario G. 273 O Apollo pi i g for D ph e G. 279
e s the be rer of his f ther G. 283
Of the ge er tio rege er tio of the Ph ix G. 284
Epit ph A., G. 286
Elegy R. WI. 289
Wom tre s ry of evils G. 290
LATIN POEM . PART ECOND: ECULAR. NEVER BEFORE PRINTED, 293-330.
II. _Miscell eo s Commemor tive._
The be tif l ot l sti g G. 296
A hym to Ve s G. 300
A escriptio of pri g R. WI. 303
Prisci s be te bei g be te R. WI. 308
To Tr ct te o this s bject, &c. R. WI. 315
P rg tio 317
To my most estim ble preceptor ... R. Brooke R. WI. 319
O e th of Rev. Dr. M sell R. WI. 323
To the Right Ho . Lor Robert He th, o bei gm e j ge, &c. R. WI. 326
O e o Hor ce, Lib. ii. 13, i Greek 329
LATIN POEM . PART ECOND: ECULAR, 331-84.
III. _Roy l Ac emic l._
The Ret r of the Ki g A. 333
To the roy l I f t ot yet bor R. WI. 335
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To the Ki g o recovery from sm ll-pox R. WI. 337
To her sere e M jesty chil -be ri g i wi ter R. WI. 339
To the Q ee CL. 342
To the Q ee ... from the iversity R. WI. 345
O birth of Pri cess M ry CL. 346
O the s me R. WI. 350
To the Q ee R. WI. 354
The pr yer of Peterho se for the Ho se of Go[=its ch pel] . . 357
A gro o occ sio of the iffic lt p rt ritioof the rem i i g works of Peterho se R. WI., G. 362
To the ve er ble m , M ster To r y, &c. CL. 371
To M ster Brooke R. WI. 374
Epit ph o Dr. Brooke R. WI. 376
Epit ph o Willi m Herries G. 378
O the s me R. WI. 383
O the Portr it of Bishop A rewes CR. 384
Gloss ri l I ex 385
ILLU TRATION IN VOL. II. 4TO.
Photogr ph of the C rtoo for the memori l-wi ow toCr sh w i Peterho se, by F. M ox-Brow , Esq. R.A. _f ci g title-p ge._
The c ptive o g-bir , by Mrs. Bl ckb r _vig ette to Ess y._
Vig ette ill str tio s, by W.J. Li to , Esq. _pp._ 96, 242, 251, 295, 329,350, 373, 377.
E AY ON THE LIFE AND POETRY OF CRA HAW.[2]
I o r Memori l-I tro ctio (vol. i. p. xxvi.) we m ke two promises,which f ll ow to be re eeme :
(__) A TUDY OF THE LIFE AND POETRY OF RICHARD CRA HAW.
(_b_) A MEMOIR OF WILLIAM CRA HAW, B.D., HI FATHER.
The l tter is i so m y w ys el ci tive ill mi tive of the
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former, o tw r ly i w r ly, th t I eem it well to give it first.
I. MEMOIR OF WILLIAM CRA HAW, B.D.
The l te l borio s cc r te Joseph H ter, i his M . collectio syclept Chor s V t m, which by r re goo fort e re preserve i theBritish M se m (A l. M . 24.487, pp. 34-39), th s begi s, _s. ._
'I m here i tro ci g me which m y be s i to be hitherto k owi the regio s of Poetry, which h s bee cco t bly p sse over
by biogr phic l writers of every cl ss; yet o e who h s j st cl ims oo r tte tio of his ow s well s i bei g the f ther of Rich rCr sh w, whose merits re mitte ;' he co ti es with ple s tegotism th t o e c re ily p r o , ' he h s p rtic l r cl ims pome, s h vi g bee tive of the p rt of the ki g om from which Ispri g, be ri g me which is th t of mero s f mily from whomI esce .'
We sh ll fi o w r , th t the el er Cr sh w h iq e gift ofPoetry; b t i epe e t of th t, somewh t prolo ge cq i t ce withhis mero s books e bles s emph tic lly to r tify the 'cl ims' of'_his ow_' otherwise--tho gh i stro g, eve fierce, t go ism sDivi e Writer to his ge tle- t re so 's fter-opi io s.
Hitherto, i the brief me gre otices of his so , of thep ter l Cr sh w, it h s simply bee st te th t he w s'_Yorkshirem _.' This is me tio e i ci e t lly i v rio s pl ces. Were ow e ble by the i terest i o r rese rches of loc l A tiq ries,together with i from the H ter Cole M ., to give for the firsttime f mily- et ils. H sworth, sometimes spelle H sworth, e rheffiel , o e of the h mlets of E gl i the 'Bl ck Co try'--o ceco che mo g gree fiel s he ge-row 'l es,' tho gh ow blighte
begrime --w s the ' est' of the Cr sh ws; there i theeighbo rhoo the me is met with til comp r tively rece t times.[3]The Ch rch-Register goes b ck to 1558, er B ptisms, A g. 24th,1568, is this e try, 'Thom s, so of Rich r Cr wsh w, b ptise ;' ,
l s, er the followi g 'November 14th,' 'Thom s, so of Rich rCr wsh w, b rie .' Next comes o r Worthy:
'1572, October 26th, WILL., so of Rich r Cr wsh w, b ptise .' Therefollow: J ry 12th, 1574, 'Fr cis;' November 24th, 1577, 'A '--bothb ptise ; April 26th 1585, 'Rich r ,' so of Rich r , b rie ; 1591,'Robert E irl [_sic_] Dorothy Cr wsh w m rrie ;' 1608, November20th, 'Helle Cr wsh w, wi ow, b rie .' The i 1609, 1611, 1613, 1615,1619, 1623, 1627, e tries co cer i g the 'Fr cis' of 1574 hisho sehol . The me oes ot re ppe r til 1682, J ry 1st, whe'Willi m, so of Willi m Cr wsh w, is 'b ptise ;' so the s lrecor of the light sh ow of 'Births M rri ges De ths' goeso til J ly 22 , 1729.
It ppe rs from these Register- t th t the f ther of o r Willi mCr sh w w s me 'Rich r ,' th t he ie i April 1585, whe M sterWilli m w s p ssi g his 13th ye r. It lso ppe rs th t his mother w sme 'Helle ,' th t she ie s ' wi ow' i November 1608. Iitio to these e tries, I h ve iscovere th t this 'Helle ' w sghter of Joh Ro th, of W leswoo ; me of m rk i Yorkshire, i
itself thro gh m rri ges.[4] Th t we re right i ll this is m ecert i by his Will, wherei o r Cr sh w (_p ter_) le ves 'to thep rishe of H sworth, i Com. Ebor., where I w s bor e, my ow e works,
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ll to be bo e together, to lye i the ch rche; fo rty shilli gsi mo ye to the stocke of the poor of th t p rishe.'[5] o f r s I cg ther from sever l f mily-t bles which h ve bee f r ishe to me,
_the_ Rich r Cr sh w, f ther of o r Willi m Cr sh w, w s so of otherRich r Cr sh w, who i t r w s Rector of Asto , ext p rish toH sworth, i 1539. Th s, if ot of 'bl e bloo ' i the her l ic se se,the Cr sh ws m st h ve bee well-to- o; for they re fo ot o lyi term rryi g with goo Yorkshire f milies, b t lso occ pyi gco si er ble soci l st t s: _e.g._ so of Fr cis-- escribe s ofH sworth-Woo ho se, h mlet of H sworth--brother of Willi m, w smitte to the free om of the C tlers' Comp y of heffiel i 1638,
w s M ster i 1675. I h ve li e l esce ts bro ght ow to theprese t ye r; the ls of the Ho se m y hol their ow if mily-histories.[6] O r Worthy h life-lo g i terco rse life-lo gfrie ships with the foremost i Yorkshire, s his Will ge i llyq i tly testifies.
F therless i his 13th-14th ye r, his wi owe mother m st h ve bee icirc mst ces pec i rily th t e ble her to h ve Willi m, t le st,'_prep re_' for the U iversity. He w s of re ow e ' t. Joh 's,'C mbri ge, esig te by him his ' eere rse spirit ll mother.'[7]A M . ote by Thom s B ker, i his copy of 'Romish ForgeriesF lsific tio s' (1606), ow i the Libr ry of t. Joh 's, f r isheslmost the o ly efi ite otice of his U iversity c reer th t I h ve met
with, s follows: 'G il. Cr sh we Ebor ce sis miss s soci s Coll. Jo.pro D F trice, thorit te Regi , se e v c te Epi. Elie . 19 J .1593.'[8] ch is the 'e try' s give by B ker; b t i the origi l itis s follows: 'G lielm s Chr sh we Ebor ce sis miss s s m sis tor proMr. Alveye M ij 1, 1591.' The M ster e ch se ior Fellow chosesiz rs t this te. Ag i : 'Ego G lielm s Cr sh we Ebor ce sis miss ss m soci s h i s Collegij pro omi f trice, A thorit te regi , se ev c te Episcopi Elie sis, 19 J rij 1593' [_i.e._ 1593-4]. TheBishop of Ely h the right of omi ti g o e Fellow.[9] The ee of Elyw s v c t from the e th of Bishop Rich r Cox, 22 J ly 1581, to theocc p cy of M rti Heto i 1598-9. He ce it c me th t the Q eeprese te Cr sh w to the fellowship of t. Joh 's. ( ee B ker's t.Joh 's, by M yor (vol. i. p. 438), for more et ils.) This w s somewh t
l te. How he obt i e the p tro ge of Eliz beth oes ot ppe r. Thee try i 'White Vell m Book' of the College Tre s ry r s simply, 'Bei gcre iblie i forme of the povertie yet otherwise goo q litiess fficie cie of Wm. Cr sh w, B.A.' &c. The ope i g p r gr phs of hisWill ch r cteristic lly reco t his s ccessive ecclesi stic lppoi tme ts preferme ts, he ce will fitti gly come i here. 'Ithe me of the tr e everlivi ge Go , Ame . I Willi m Cr sh we,B chelor i Divi itie, Pre cher of Go 's Wor e. Firste t Bri li gto ,the t Beverley i Yorkshire. Afterw r s t the Temple; si ce theP stor of the Ch rche of Ag[ es] B rto , i the iocese of Yorke; oweP stor of th t too gre te P rishe of White-Ch ppell i the s b rbs ofLo o : the worthye profit ble serv te of Go , m ke or i ethis my l st Will Test me t.' Previo s to the e th of Eliz beth he
h bee '_eprive_' of 'little vic r ge' ('A Disco rse o PopishCorr ptio s req iri g Ki gly Reform tio :' M . i Roy l Libr ry).I q iries t Bri li gto , formerly B rli gto , the sever l pl cesme , h ve res lte i othi g, from the estr ctio of m ime ts, &c.
I the e rlier he m st h ve bee 'C r te' o ly. His m y leg cies of his'ow e workes,' which were to 'lye' i m y ch rches, h ve ll perishe ,or t le st is ppe re ; eq lly so his v rio s 'mo yes' for the'poore.' It is sorrowf l to fi how so very ofte like provisio s reiscovere to h ve go e o t of sight, to ggreg te few i ees spect.
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With Ag es B rto he h closer rel tio s, i sm ch s o e 'item' of hisWill r s: 'The ext voy ce of Ag. B rto , t ke i my brother's me(for which he k oweth wh t h th by offere ), I give beq e the thes me to my s i brother Thom s, to be by him ispose to some worthym .'
He escribes 'Mr. He ry Alv y,' 'the f mo s P rit ,' s his 'ff ther iChrist,' i beq e thi g him 'o e sil er pott with cover loose, p rcellg ilt, of bo t 13 o ces.'[10] Whe , or from whom, he receive 'or ers'
or i tio oes ot ppe r, b t wh t o r Worthy bec me s Pre cher
his ' ermo s' rem i to ttest. They ttest his ev gelic l fervo r eveto p ssio , his i te se co victio s, his wistf l te er ess lter tewith the most veheme t reb ke of f shio ble si s worl li ess, hiseep perso l love for the Lor Jes s, str gely p thetic ye r i gfor ll me to be 's fe' i Him. He h ki of holy biq ity of ze li occ pyi g p lpits where 'wit ess' w s to be bor e 'for the Tr th.'His motto, fo i copy of V leri s M xim s, elsewhere, w s' ervire Deo reg re est' (Notes Q eries, 3 . vii. 111). Americo ght to prize his ermo 'Pre che i Lo o before the RightHo o r ble the Lor L w rre, Lor Gover o r C pt i e Ge er ll ofVirgi i , others of his M iestie's Co sell for th t Ki g ome,the rest of the A ve t rers i th t Pl t tio . At the s i LorGe er ll his le e-t ki g of E gl , his ti e co trey, ep rt re
for Virgi i , Febr ry 21, 1609. By W. Cr sh w, B chel r of Divi itie,Pre cher t the Temple. Wherei both the l wf l esse of th t Actiois m i t i e , the ecessity thereof is lso emo str te , som ch o t of the gro s of Policie, s of H m ity, Eq ityChristi ity. T ke from his mo th, p blishe by irectio .' 1610.The r i g he i g is 'A New Yeere's Gift to Virgi e .' The text is t.L ke xxii. 32: 'I h ve pr ye for thee, th t thy f ith f il ot:whe tho rt co verte , stre gthe thy brethre .' There is o oblerermo th this of the perio ; it is o ly o e of v rio s eq llyeloq e t, impressive, powerf l. Politic lly the Pre cher s w f rhe , his p triotism is chiv lro s s i ey's. Dr. Do e l terpre che for the s me Virgi i Comp y. He h 'so ght' to go ssecret ry i the o tset.
O r Worthy w s twice m rrie . Of his first wife--mother of Rich r , o r'sweet i ger'--I h ve f ile tterly to get so m ch s her me. Of hisseco wife there rem i s priv tely-pri te tr ct te e title 'TheHo ovr of Vertve, or the Mo me t erecte by the sorowf ll H sb ,the Epit phes exe by le r e worthy me , to the immort ll memoryof th t worthy ge tlewom Mrs. Eliz beth Cr sh we. Who ye ichil -birth, w s b rie i Whit-Ch ppell, October 8, 1620. I the 24ye re of her ge.' Of i co ceiv ble i terest wo l this rem rk bletr ct te h ve bee , h this bee the Poet's mother; b t the te showsth t H ter, i his 'Chor s V t m,' others, re mist ke i theirst teme t th t she w s s ch. Rich r Cr sh w w s bor i 1612-3, whilethe 'Epit phes' other ll sio s to chi gly i form s th t this f t l
'chil -birth' w s, ' s she most s rely expecte ,' of her o ly chil . Thegre t Usher pre che her f er l-sermo , ' t which ermo F er llw s prese t o e of the gre test Assemblies th t ever w s see e i m 'smemorie t the b ri l of y pri te perso .' The ill strio sPre cher--who 'vseth,' the Memori l s ys, 'to be very w ry mo estei comme tio '--is very f ll rtic l te i his pr ises of thee . O e bit we re with wet eyes; for mo g other tr its Usherpr ises 'her si g l r motherly ffectio _to the chil of herpre ecessor_-- r re vert e [ s he ote ] i step-mothers t thisy.'[11] O e c sc rcely voi sigh th t s ch 'step-mother' w s
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ot sp re to s ch 'chil .' No 'q ick' me is fo to y of theVerse, or is the Verse i tri sic lly very memor ble, except for itswe lth of symp thy tow r s the Wi ower.[12]
Of o r Worthy's mero s Writi gs I h ve m e o t c ref le mer tio , i sm ch s the s l bibliogr phic l thorities ( sLow es H zlitt) re excee i gly empty; b t I m st tilise itelsewhere, seei g th t s ch c t log e of (for the most p rt) viole ti vective g i st Popery were i co gr o s i e itio of the Poetry ofhis so opposite-mi e so . These three o t of o r collectio will showth t Popery w s the s preme object of his versio ; eve the f ll
title-p ges give b t poor i e of the o t-o'-w y le r i g--for he w sschol r mo g schol rs--the gr ve wit, the s rc sm, the shrew se se,, l s, the ch rity of these ki re sermo s books. The
first is this, b t from l ter e itio , for re so th t will ppe r:'Loyol 's Disloy lty; or the Iesvites' ope Rebellio g i st Go His Ch rch. Whose Doctri e is Bl sphemie, i the highest egree, g i stthe bloo of Christ, which they Vilifie, er-v lew, th t theymight phol their Merits. By Co seq e t, e co r gi g ll Tr ytors tokill their l wf ll Ki gs Pri ces. With ivers other Pri ciplesHe s of their m ble erro io s Doctri e. Worthy to be writte re i these o r o btf ll gero s times. 1643' (4to). This w sorigi lly iss e s 'The Iesvites' Gospell' (1610), i 16211641 s 'The Bespotte Jes it.' Be it speci lly ote th t Cr sh w
himself m st ot be m e respo sible for the fter title-p ges.[13] Nextis this: 'The P r ble of Poyso . I Five ermo s of pirit ll Poyso ,&c. Wherei the poyso f ll N t re of i e, the pirit ll A ti otesg i st it, re pl i ely brefely set ow e. Beg before thePri ce his High esse. Procee e i t Greye's I e the Temple,
fi ishe t t. M rti 's i the fiel s. By Willi m Cr sh w,B tcheler of Di i ity, Pre cher of Go 's wor . 1618' (4to). TheEpistle- e ic tory is te from Ag es B rto , Yorkshire. 'The ioyf ll 5of No ember, the y e er to be forgotte .' The thir is this: 'The NewM , or vpplic tio from v k ow e Perso , Rom C tholike, v toI mes, the Mo rch of Gre t Britt i e, from him to the Empero r,Ki gs, Pri ces of the Christi Worl . To chi g the c sesre so s th t will rg e ecessity of Ge er ll Co cell to be
fortwith ssemble g i st him th t ow vs rps the P p ll Ch ire v erthe me of P l the fifth. Wherei re isco ere more of the secretI iq ities of th t Ch ire Co rt, the hitherto their frie s fe re ,or their very ers ries i s spect. Tr sl te i to E glish byWilli m Cr sh w, B tchelo r i Di i ity, ccor i g to the L ti e Copy,se t from Rome i to E gl . 1622' (4to). Other of these co troversi ltr ct tes, or 'Flyti gs' ( cotic), re more commo ly k ow , eeot et ile otice from s. Th t the 'r li g p ssio ' w s 'stro g' tothe e , ppe rs by the lre y repe te ly me Will, the ope i g ofwhich h s bee give , which th s co ti es: 'For my religio , Iprofesse myself i lief e the Christi , the crosse of Jes sChrist is my glorye, His s fferi gs my s lv tio . I re o cebhorre Atheisme, I isme, T rcisme, ll heresies g i st the Holy
C tholike f ithe, o l e ewe, ( melye) Poperie, bei ge sowe it is est blishe by the c o s of Tre t theyr prese t lloweecrees octors, lyke co f se bo y of ll heresies.' A g i :'I cco te Poperie ( s it owe is) the he pe ch os of ll heresies,
the ch ell where to the fowlest impieties heresies th t h vebe e i the Christi worl e h ve r e closelye emptie themselves.I beleeve the Pope's se te power to be the power of the gre teA tichrist, the octri e of the Pope ( s owe it is) to be theoctri e of A tichrist; ye , th t octri e of evills prophesie of bythe Apostles, th t the trve bsol te P pist, livi ge
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yei ge, eb rres himself of s lv tio for o ghte th t we k owe. A Ibeleve th t I m bo e to sep r te myself from th t si gog e of Romeif I wil be s ve . A I professe myselfe member of the tr e C tholikeCh rche, b t ot of the Rom Ch rche ( s owe it is), to looke fors lv tio , ot by th t f ith or octri e which th t Ch rche owete cheth, b t th t which o ce it h , b t ow f l e from it.' A thefollow 'gro es' i b r i g 'h r ' wor s, i termi gle with str geo tb rsts of perso l h mili tio before Go wf l se se of Hisscr ti y.
These Title-p ges Will-extr cts m st s ffice to i ic te the
Ultr -Protest tism of the el er Cr sh w. To q lify them--i itioto o r ote of the i te sifie fter title-p ges _by others_--it m st beremembere th t the Arm of 1588 fl g its sc ri g sh ow cross hisyo g ys, th t o bte ly the esce ts of Loyol f lsifietheir ve er ble Fo er's i te tio s by politic l git tio splotti gs. These colo re o r ecclesi stic l polemiq e's whole w ys oflooki g t thi gs. His Will co icil re te i 1621-2, ri gthese ye rs s ccee i g, his most fiery i te se ' ermo s'tr ct tes were bei g p blishe . Rich r w s the growi g p i to histee s, witho t his 'seco ' mother. As Cr sh w se ior ie i1626--his Will h vi g bee 'prove ' 16th October i th t ye r--o rPoet-s i t w s o ly bo t 13-14 whe he lost his f ther, sc rcely tewhe ppoi te by him exec tor, the wor s bei g: 'I or i e m ke Mr.
Robert Dixo _my so e Rich r e_ exec tors of my Will' (10th J e1622).[14]
His Epistles- e ic tory priv te Letters (sever l of which represerve i the British M se m, of which I h ve copies--o e verylo g to ir J li s Cs r o his brother's ill ess) his Will, m ke itpl i th t o r Worthy mi gle i the highest society, w s co s ltei the most elic te ff irs. His e ic tio of o e of his mostpro o ce books, 'Co sili m q or m Episcop. Bo o i &c.' (1613), toh kespe re's E rl of o th mpto , _s to tr ste frie _, settles, tomy mi , the ( isp te ) f ct s to the E rl h vi g become Protest t.o too the tr sl tio of A g sti e's 'City of Go ' (1620, 2 e itio )is e ic te to Willi m E rl of Pembroke, the E rl of Ar el, the
E rl of Mo tgomery.
The l st m tter to be to che o is the Verse of the p ter l Cr sh w,which h s iq e ch r cter of its ow . It co sists of tr sl tio sfrom the L ti . His 'Loyol 's Disloy lty' is b se o re eri g ofL ti poem i s per-ex lt tio of the Virgi M ry by Cl r s Bo rsci s(= C rol s crib i s); Cr sh w im verts o s ch 'poi tes' sthese: 'Th t the milke of M ry m y come i to comp riso with the blooof Christ;' 'th t the Christi m 's f ith m y l wf lly t ke hol ofboth s well s o e;' 'th t the best compo for sicke so le is tomix together her milke Christ's bloo ;' 'th t Christ is stilllittle chil i His mother's rmes, so m y be pr ye to;' 'th tm sh ll ofte -times be soo er he r t Go 's h i the me i tio of
M ry th Jes s Christ;' so o . I give the ope i g, mi le,closi g li es.
TO OUR LADY OF HALL AND THE CHILD JE U .
'My tho ghts re t st , of milke bloo ,Delights of brest si e, which yeel s most goo ;
A s y, whe o the te tes mi e eyes I c st,O L y, of thy brest I beg t ste.
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B t if mi e eyes po the wo s oe gli e,The , Jes , I h r ther s cke Thy si e.
Lo g h ve I m se , ow k owe I where to rest;For with my right h I will gr spe the brest,
If so I m y pres me: s for the wo s,With left He c tch them; th s my ze le bo s.'
Ag i :
'Mother o , give e re to wh t I cr ve,I beg this milke, th t blo , both wo l h ve.
Yo gli g, th t i Thy mother's rmes rt pl yi g, cki g her brest sometimes, sometimes st yi g,Why ost Tho view me with th t looke of scor e?'Tis forceless e vie th t 'g i st Thee is bor e.
Oft h st Tho s i , bei g gry t my si e,D rest tho esire the te tes My foo lyes i ?
I will ot, oh I re ot, gol e Chil ;My mi from fe re is ot so f rre exil :
B t o e, eve o e poore rop I oe imploreFrom Thy right h or si e, I sk o more.
If either, from Thy left h let o e f ll;N y from Thy foot, r ther th o e t ll:
If I isple se Thee, let Thy wo s me wo ,
B t p y my w ge if I i gr ce be fo .'
Fi lly:
'B t h, I thirst; h, roght my bre th oth smother,Q e ch me with bloo , sweet o ; with milk, goo mother
y to Thy mother, ee My brother's thirst;Mother, yo r milke will e se him t the first.
y to thy o , Behol Thy brother's b s; weet o , Tho h st his r some i Thy h s. hew Thy re eemi g power to so les opprest,
Tho o e, if th t Thy bloo excel the rest.A shew Thyselfe j stly so stil e i ee ,
Tho mother, if thy brests the rest excee .Ah, whe sh ll I with these be s tisfi' ?Whe sh ll I swimme i joyes of brest si e?
P r o , O Go , mi e e ger e r est esse,If I Thy l wes re so 's bo s tr sgresse;
Where thirst o're-sw yes, p tie ce is thr st w y: t y b t my thirst, the my cryes will st y.
I m better the Thy iles; yet i stre meOf Thy eere blo w sh both the l ce them.
More worthy I the clo ts; yet them flooMoiste e of mother's milke of o 's bloo .'
Rhythm, epithet, the whole ri g of these Verses remi s of the
yo ger Cr sh w. B t the most rem rk ble Verse-pro ctio of the el erCr sh w is his tr sl tio of the 'Q erel , sive Di logvs A im etCorporis m ti,' scribe to t. Ber r . It origi lly ppe re i1616, h s bee repe te ly repri te si ce. Those of 1622 1632re ow before me, the E glish title-p ge r s: 'The Compl i t, orDi logve betwixt the o le the Bo ie of m e m . E ch l yi gthe f lt vpo the other. ppose to be writte by . Ber r , fromightly visio of his; ow p blishe o t of cie t m scriptcopie. By Willi m Cr sh w.' The Di log e th s ope s:
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'I sile ce of Wi ter's ight,A sleepi g yet w lki g spirit;A livelesse bo y to my sightMetho ght ppe re , th s ight.
I th t my sleepe I i escryA o le ep rte b t l telyFrom th t fo le bo y which l y by;W ili g with sighes, lo i cry.
F st by the bo y, th s she mo es
A q estio s it, with sighes gro es;O wretche flesh, th s low who m kes thee lye,Whom yester y the worl h see e so high?
W s't ot b t yester y the worl w s thi e,A ll the co trey stoo t thy evotio ?
Thy tr i e th t followe thee whe thy s e i shi eH ve ow fors ke thee: O olef ll lter tio !
Those t rrets g y of costly m so ry,A l rger p l ces, re ot ow thy roome;
B t i coffi of sm ll q tityTho lyest i terr i little tombe.
. . . . .O wretche flesh, with me th t rt forlor e,If tho co l st k ow how sh rpe o r p ishme t;
How j stly mightest tho wish ot to be bor e,Or from the wombe to tombe to h ve bee he t!
. . . . .How lik'st tho ow, poor foole, thy l tter lo gi g,The roofe whereof lyes eve with thy ose?
Thy eyes re sh t, thy to g e c ot be coggi g;Nothi g of profit rests t thy ispose.
. . . . .Thy g rme ts, wretche fool, re f rre from rich;Thy pper g rme t h r ly worth sc te;
A little li e shro s thee i thy itch,No re ts or gifts me bri g, or m ke their s ite.'
Ag i , st. 79-81:
'If I be cl i rich rr y,A well tte e every y,Both wise goo I sh l be thoght,My ki re lso sh ll be so ght.I m, s y me , the c se is cleere,Yo r cose , sir, ki sm eere.B t if the worl oe ch ge frow e,O r ki re is o lo ger k ow e;
Nor I remembre y moreBy them th t ho o re me before.O v ity! vile love of m cke,Fo le poyso , wherefore h st tho st ckeThyselfe so eepe, to r ise so highThi gs v ishi g so s e ly?'
I 'M v ll for tr e C tholicks, or H fvll, or r ther He rtf llof holy Me it tio s Pr yers, g there o t of cert i e cie tM scripts, writte 300 yeeres goe, or more,' which is s lly bo
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p with the 'Q erel ,' there is o little striki g tho ghtwor -p i ti g, combi e with p rsimo y of epithet, ke yetim gi tive echo of the mo kish L ti , si g l rly impressive. P ssi gthe 'Ortho ox ll Co fessio s of Go the F ther' ' o e' 'HolyGhost,' tho gh ll h ve m y memor ble thi gs--I wo l close o rspecime s with o e complete poem from the 'M v ll.' It is e title 'TheCo cl sio , with evo t holy pr yer;' the wor 'pr yer' remi i gs th t i his Pr yers herei i his 'Milke for B bes' (1618,sever l l ter), Cr sh w is lowly evo t, simply si er hol i gthe Christi 's hope. The rem rk pplies lso to m ch of his celebr tioof 'C rr ciolo,' the It li co vert ' eco Moses' (1608).
'This is Christi f ith f i ,Ortho ox ll, tr e, st i .As I te ch, ll erst ,Yeel i g to either h .A i this my so le's efe ce,Reiect me ot for mi e offe ce:Thogh De th's sl ve, yet esper tioI fly i e th to seek s lv tio .I h ve o me e Thy love to g i ,B t this f ith which I m i t i e.This Tho seest, or will I ce seBy this to beg for rele se.
Let this s cre s lve be boVpo my sores, to m ke them so .Tho gh m be c rrie forth, lyi gI his gr ve, p trifyi g:Bo hi from mort ll eyes;Yet if Tho bi , he m st rise.At Thy will the gr ve will ope ,At Thy will his bo s re broke .A forth he comes witho t el y,If Tho b t o ce bi , Come w y!I this se of re o btMy poore b rke is tost bo t;With storms pir ts f r wi e,
De th woes o every si e.Come, tho teer's-m ever blest,C lme these wi s th t me molest;Ch se these r thlesse pyr ts he ce,A show me some s fe resi e ce.My tree is fr itles, ry, e ,All the bo ghs re wither ;Dow e it m st, to the fire,If esert h ve his e hire.B t sp re it, Lor , other ye re.With m ri g it [yet] m y be re.If it the be e ry,B r e it; l s, wh t reme y!
Mi e ol foe ss lts me soreWith fire w ter, more more.Poore I, of ll my stre gth bereft,O ely to Thee m left.Th t my foe m y he ce be ch s ,A I from R i 's cl wes rele s ,Lor , vo chs fe me every y
tre gth to f st, f ith to pr y:These two me es Thyself h st t ghtTo bri g tempt tio 's force to oght.
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Lor , free my so le from si 's i fectioBy repe t ce's irectio .Be Thy fe re i me bi i g,My so le to tr e s lv tio g i i g.Gr t me f ith, Lor , hope, love,Ze le of he ve thi gs bove.Te ch mee prize the worl t o ght;O Thy blisse be ll my tho ght.All my hopes o Thee I fo ,I Whom ll goo thi gs bo .Tho rt ll my ig itie:
All I h ve I h ve from Thee.Tho rt my comfort i istresse,Tho rt my c re i he vi esse;Tho rt my m sic i my s es,Tho rt my me ici e i my m esse.Tho my free om from my thr l,Tho my r iser from my f ll.I my l bo r Tho reliev'st me;Tho reform'st wh tever grieves me.Al my wro gs Thy h reve geth,A from h rt my so l efe eth.Tho my eepest o bts reve lest,Tho my secret f lts co ce lest.
O o Tho st y my feet from tre i gI p ths to hel horror le i g,Where eter l torme t wels,With fe rs te rs lothsome smels;Where m 's eepest sh me is so e ,A the g ilty still co fo e ;Where the sco rge for ever be teth,A the worme th t lw ies e teth;Where ll those e less o rem i ,Lor , preserve s from this p i e.I io lo ge me, Lor , for pitty--
io , D vi 's ki gly citty,B ilt by Him th t's o ely goo ;
Whose g tes be of the Crosse's woo ;Whose keys re Christ's o bte wor ;Whose wellers fe re o e b t the Lor ;Whose w ls re sto e, stro g, q icke bright;Whose Keeper is the Lor of Light:Here the light oth ever ce se,E lesse pri g e les pe ce;Here is m sicke, he ve filli g,
weet esse evermore istilli g;Here is either spot or t i t,No efect, or o compl i t;No m crook , gre t or sm ll,B t to Christ co form ll.
Blesse tow e, ivi ely gr c ,O rocke so stro gly pl c ,Thee I see, thee I lo g for;Thee I seek, thee I gro e for.O wh t ioy thy wellers t st,All i ple s re first l st!Wh t f ll e ioyi g blisse ivi e,Wh t iewels o thy w ls o shi e!R by, i ci th, ch lce o ,K ow e to them withi lo e.
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I this glorio s comp y,I the streets of io , IWith Iob, Moses, Eli h,Will si g the he e ly Allevi h. Ame .
rely this is very oteworthy tr sf sio of ol L ti pieties i tovivi E glish. 'Visio s' of Jer s lem the Gol e tr sfig re eve thestere wor s tow r s the close. O e c pict re M ster Rich r 's eyes
ki li g over his F ther's verses whe he w s go e.
o e eth wh t I h ve tho ght it ee f l to tell of the el er Cr sh w.
As hitherto lmost othi g h s bee tol of him, eve o r compresselittle Memori l--keepi g b ck m y thi gs otices th t h ve g therei o r ote-books--m y be welcome to some. I p ss ow to
II. A TUDY OF THE LIFE AND POETRY OF RICHARD CRA HAW.
The o tw r f cts of o r 'sweet i ger's' story re give withcomp r tive f l ess i o r Memori l-I tro ctio (vol. i. pp.xxvii.-xxxviii.). I the prese t brief Ess y we wish to look i to someof these, so s to rrive t tr e estim te of them of the Poetry,ow f lly ( for the first time) collecte .
I thi k I sh ll be ble to s y wh t h s str ck myself s worth s yi gbo t Cr sh w, er these three thi gs:
I. His ch ge from Protest tism to Rom C tholicism, si g the termss historic wor s, ot polemic lly.
II. His frie s ssoci tes, s celebr te i his Writi gs.
III. His ch r cteristics pl ce s Poet. These s ccessively.
I. _His ch ge from Protest tism to Rom C tholicism._ From o r Memoirof his F ther it will be pp re t to ll th t _he_ w s Protest t ofProtest ts; it is i evit ble ss mptio th t his so from
i f cy wo l be i octri te with ll vigil ce fervo r i thep ter l cree , which m y be esig te P rit , s oppose to L iHigh-Ch rchism withi the Ch rch of E gl .[15] I thi k we sh ll oterr either, i co cl i g th t the yo ger Cr sh w h veryimpressio ble pl stic t re; so th t the stro g self- ssertivech r cter of his F ther co l ot f il to mo l his e rliest thi ki g,opi io s, beliefs, emotio . till it will ot o to pro o ce o rPoet's ch ge to h ve bee revolt rebo from the rrow ess ofthe p ter l te chi g writi g, seei g th t his F ther ie i 1626,whe he w s o ly p ssi g i to his 13-14th ye r.[16] It is p lp ble th tthe el er Cr sh w w s sp re the istress of the post cy ( s he sho lmost tre ch tly h ve me it) of his o ly so . Moreover, the veryot ble poems from the T er M . o the _G pow er Tre so_ (vol. i.
pp. 188-194) re pro o ce i te se i their e ci tio s of (toq ote from them) th t 'v m te m lice,' th t 'v peer' espight''very q i tesse ce of vill ie,' for 'si gi g' of which he feels he m sth ve ot 'i ke' b t 'the bloo of Cerber s, or Alecto's vipero s broo ,'
emo str te th t he c rrie with him to, kept i , C mbri ge llhis f ther's wr th, more th eve his f ther's voc b l ry ofvit per tio , with too his ow fter-epithets, i sti ct with poeticfeeli g, s tho ghtf l re i g reve ls. These poems belo g to 1631-3.Eve i the L ti Epigr ms of 1634 there is (to s y the le st)'slighti g' ll sio to the Pope i the 'Umbr . Petri,' bei g 'N c
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q oq e, P p , t m s sti et ill ec s' (see Epigr m xix. p. 47). Th tvol me, lso, is e ic te i the most glowi g wor s of ffectio i ebte ess to Dr. Be j mi L y (vol. ii. pp. 7-15), fterw r s, s wesh ll fi o w r , isti g ishe bishop i the Ch rch of E gl . Ahe w s m fter the el er Cr sh w's ow he rt, s we sh ll ow h vereve le i little overlooke poem resse to Cr sh w se ior, whichis ppe e to the 'M v ll for Tr e C tholicks' ( s before). Here itis; let the Re er po er its ti-p p l se time t:
A CONCLU ION TO THE AUTHOR AND HI BOOKE.
Tr itio tiq itie, the groWhereo th t erri g Ch rch oth so relye,
Bre kes o t to light, from rk esse, to co foThe ovel octri e of their heresie,
Which pl i e by these most se sible egreesDoth poi t the w yes it h th igrest to f ll;
Where e ch observi g i geme t pl i ely sees,From goo to b , from b to worst of ll
It is rriv' : so th t it c spire,Obsc re, ef ce, s ppresse, oe wh t it m y,
To bli e this tr th; to o step y higherBy y policie it c ess y.
These holy Hym es st ft with religio s ze leA me it tio s of most pio s se,Able their whole to wo , o r wo e he le:Free from impiety, or le st b se,
Blot o t ll merit i o rselves we h ve,A o ely, solely, oe o Christ relye:
Offer ot pr yers for those re i the gr ve,Nor to s i ts, th t he re ot, oe ot cry.
The i wor , si ce Go h th thee preserv'From the I q isitors' most cr el r ge,
Tho gh i their worth they else might h ve eserv'To p sse mo g the goo thi gs of this Age,
Yet re i this respect of more reg r ,
i ce Go wo l h ve them to these times ppe re, o m y h vi g perisht; be he rWith more tr e ze le, th t Go h th kept so e re.
By ll which I co cl e, from thi e ow e he rt,Tho wicke serv t, th t might k ow wo l ot,
He h th isch rg' himselfe i ll p rt,Th t wo l h ve c r' yo r B bel, b t hee co l ot.
B.L.
There is some obsc rity i these Do e- or Be -Jo so -like r gge li es,b t o e s to the opi io s of their writer o Popery. Th s p to 1634t le st, or til his twe ty-seco or twe ty-thir ye r, Cr sh w the
yo ger w s s thoro ghly Protest t, i ll prob bility, s his f therco l h ve esire . The '_ch ge_' ccor i gly w s r ic l o e whe heleft his mother-Ch rch, o e l me ts th t o r light is so im o rview so ist t. A tho y -Woo ( s before) the s l thoritiesst te th t o r Cr sh w bec me f mo s s pre cher: he bec me, s ysWillmott, ' pre cher of gre t e ergy power,' _i est_, i E gl ,
therefore while still belo gi g to the Ch rch of E gl . I h veimpressio th t somehow the so h s bee co fo e with the f ther,whose re ow s pre cher w s l sti g; j st s it seems cert i th tso f ther h ve bee co fo e by the co ti o s e itors of
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el e 's 'T ble-T lk,' wherei the ill strio s Thi ker reco tssomewh t pro ly th t he h co verte Cr sh w from his oppositio tost ge-pl ys. We m y s well expisc te this poi t here. The yo gerCr sh w, the , ever expresse himself, so f r s is k ow , g i stst ge-pl ys: co tr ri-wise, i his fi e Epigr m o For 's 'Love'scrifice' 'Broke He rt' he is i symp thy with these
'st ge-pl ys.' O the other h , i o e of his most imp ssio esermo s, his f ther h , with ch r cteristic p ge cy, co em e 'Pl ies
Pl yers'-- s give below.[17] To ret r : be this s it m y i them tter of 'pre chi g,' the m tter-of-f ct is, th t o r Cr sh w ret i ehis Fellowship p to his ejectio o the 11th of J e 1644 (vol. i. pp.
xxxiii.-iv.), or whe he w s i his 32 -33 ye r; or, s ge tle F thero thwell ge tly p t it, bo t his ' e r Lor 's' ge. We get glimpseof his religio s life while Protest t, i the origi l 'Pref ce tothe Re er' of ' teps to the Temple,' &c. s follows: 'Re er, we stilehis cre Poems, teps to the Temple, ptly; for i the Temple ofGo , er His wi g, he le his life, i t. M rie's Ch rch eere t.Peter's Colle ge: there he lo ge er Tert lli 's roofe of gels;there he m e his est more gl ly th D vi 's sw llow eere the ho seof Go , where, like primitive s i t, he offere more pr yers i theight th others s lly offer i the y; there he pe e these poems,TEP for h ppy so les to climbe he ve by' (vol. i. p. xlvii.).Coi ci i g with this is the love he h for the writi gs of ' i teTeres ,' whe (i his ow wor s) 'the A thor' of 'A Hym to the N me
Ho or of the mir ble i te Teres ' w s 'yet mo g theProtest ts.' I his 'Apologie for the foregoi g Hym '--th which, fors btle, elic te, fi_est_ mysticism, i wor s th t re ot so m chwor s s m sic, yet efi ite wor s too, ch gi g with the q ickbright ch ges of ove's eck, there is h r ly ythi g tr er--thePoet tr ces p his evotio to her to his 're i g' of her books; sth s:
'Th s h e I b ck g i to thy bright me,F ir flo of holy fires! tr sf s' the fl meI took from re i g thee....... O p r o , if I re to s yThi e ow e r bookes re g ilty.' (vol. i. p. 150.)
The wor s of the Pref ce ( s bove) remi s lso th t Cr sh w took hisp rt i the F sts Vigils sterities of the Ferr rs thes i tly, if scetic, 'Little Gi i g' gro p.[18] Goi g b ck o the'Hym ,' s ch li es s these show how eve the the Poet h r k-i thevery p ssio of Teres : _e.g._
'Lo e to cht her he rt, , lo, it be tesHigh, b r es with s ch br e he tes,
ch thirsts to y, s res ri k vp_A tho s col e thes i o e c p_.Goo re so : for she bre thes ll fire;Her white bre st he es with stro g esire.
. . . . . weet, ot so f st! lo, thy f ir po se,
Whom tho seekst with so swift vowes,C lls thee b ck, bi s thee comeT'embr ce mil er m rtyr om.Blest powres forbi thy te er life
ho l blee vpo b rb ro s k ife:Or some b se h h ve power to r zeThy brest's ch st c bi et, v c seA so l kept there so sweet: O o,
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Wise He will e er h e it so.Tho rt Love's victime, m st yA e th more mystic l high:I to Lo e's rmes tho sh lt let f llA still-s r i i g f er ll.His is the rt m st m ke the e thWhose stroke sh ll t st thy h llow' bre th;A rt thrice ipt i th t rich fl meWhich writes thy po se's r i t meVpo the roof of He ' , where yIt shi es; with so er ig r y
Be tes bright vpo the b r i g f cesOf so les which i th t N me's sweet gr cesFi everl sti g smiles. . .O how oft sh lt tho compl iOf sweet s btle p i ;Of i toler ble ioyes;Of e th, i which who yesLo es his e th, yes g i ,A wo l for ever so be sl i ,A li es yes; k owes ot whyTo live, b t th t he th s m y e er le e to y.'
It is eeply sig ific t to fi s ch Hym s th t writte while 'yet
mo g the Protest ts.' P tti g the two thi gs together--(__) hisrecl se, shy, me it tive life ' er Tert lli 's roofe of gels,'his pr yers THERE i the ight; (_b_) his p ssio tely symp theticre i g, s of Teres , goi g forth of his most spirit l ye r i gsfter the 'sweet s btle p i ,' Love's e th 'mystic lhigh'--we get t the secret of the 'ch ge' ow bei g co si ere .However le to it, Cr sh w's re i g l y mo g books th t were s f elto fire bro ght to t r lly mystic l s perse sitive temper me t;
however forme rt re , s ch self-evi e tly w s histemper me t. His i te mysticism rew him to s ch liter t re, theliter t re fe wh t perch ce em e r ther to be e tr lise .[19] Ifeel s tisfie o e m i eleme t of the ttr ctio of Rom C tholicismfor him w s the trime t rt re for his profo est tho gh most
perilo s spirit l experie ces i its Writers. His gre t-br i e ,stro g-thewe f ther wo l h ve ismisse s ch 'i toler ble ioyes' smorbi se time t lism; b t the ervo s, fi ely highly-str gorg is tio of his so w s s oli h rp er their to ch. To llthis m st be e cert i loc l i fl e ces, ltim tely the cr sh ofthe Ejectio . The history of the U iversity ri g the perio ofCr sh w's resi e ce m kes it pl i th t there w s the , s l ter,reviv l of wh t m y be tech ic lly c lle Rit lism-- s i te ehelp-meet to F ith-- th t by some of the most c lt re gr cio sschol rs of the Colleges. I m ot vi ic ti g, m ch less j gi g s ch,y more th wo l I 'sit i j gme t' o the Rit list reviv l of o r
ow y, _i.e._ of its here ts. For myself, I fi it ivi ergr er thi g to 'w lk by f ith' r ther th by 'sight,' ot
'bo ie ' b t ' isembo ie tr th' the more spirit l. B t to otfew-- to s ch s Cr sh w--the se sible, the visible, the ct llylooke - t--s ctifie with the ho r of ce t ries--light pethere lise. Co tempor ry recor s show th t the ch pel ofPeterho se--Cr sh w's college--which w s b ilt i 1632, co secr teby Fr cis White, Bishop of Ely, w s 'h some' o e, h vi gbe tif l ceili g oble e st wi ow--its gl ss 'hi w y i thetro blesome times.' Amo g the be ef ctors to its b il i g were( fterw r s bishops) Cosi Wre , lso helfor , whose 'Fivele r e Disco rses' were gr ce with otice ble 'comme tory poem'
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by Cr sh w (vol. ii. pp. 162-5). Before this ch pel w s b ilt thesociety m e se of the ch cel of the j ce t ch rch of Little t.M ry's, i to which there w s oor from Peterho se College. The re erm y t this poi t t r to o r poet's he rt-broke 'ple i gs' for the'restor tio ' of his College, ow m e 'to spe k E glish.' O ll which,
the like, e r ol F ller, i his History of the U iversity, th sspe ks, er somewh t l ter te (1642), b t _the_ veryt r i g-perio with Cr sh w: 'Now beg the U iversity to be m chbe tifie i b il i gs; every college, fter c sti g its ski with thes ke, or re ewi g its bill with the e gle, h vi g their co rts, or tle st their fro ts g teho se, rep ire or e . B t the gre test
tte tio w s i their ch pels, most of them bei g gr ce with theccessio of org s,' &c.
Co tempor ry recor s f rther le s to Peterho se Pembroke Collegess speci lly 'visite ' 'spoile ' i the Commissio from theP rli me t i 1643 to remove crosses. We m y re o e 'report' o t ofm y. 'Mr. Horscot: We we t to Peterho se, 1643, Dec. 21, with officers
sol iers, [i ] the prese ce [of] Mr. Wilso , of the presi e tMr. Fr cis, Mr. M xy other Fellows, Dec. 20 23, we p lle owtwo mighty gre t gells with wi gs, ivers other gells thefo r Ev gelists Peter with his keies, over the Ch ppell Dore,bo t h re cher bims gells ivers s perstitio s lettersi gol ; t the pper e of the ch cel these wor s were writte s
followeth: "Hic loc s est Domi i Dei, il li et Port cli."Wit ess, Will. Dowsi g, Geo. Lo g.' F rther: 'These wor s were writtet Keie's Coll. ot t Peterho se, b t bo t the w lls were writtei L ti , "We pr ys thee ever;" o some of the im ges w s writte" ct s, ct s, ct s;" or other, "Glori Dei et Glori P tri,"
"No obis Domi e;" six gells i the wi owes.' o tPembroke, 'We br ke p lle ow 80 s perstitio s pict res;' sot Little t. M ry's, 'We br ke ow 60 s perstitio s pict res, somePopes cr cifixes Go the F ther sitti g i ch yer hol i ggl ss i his h .' Looki g o the si ce f mo s mes of Peterho se
Pembroke ( pe ser's college)--Cosi , Wre , helfor , To r ye,A rewes--they t o ce s ggest rit listic, if ot Rom C tholic,proclivities.
Th s from ll si es c me pote t i fl e ces of perso l frie ship--ofhis frie s ssoci tes more o w r --to give imp lse _mome t m_to Cr sh w's mystic l Rom -C tholic symp thies. The 'Ejectio ' of 1644fo Cr sh w i the very he rt of these i fl e ces, ot sw ye simply,b t m stere by them. To o e so secl e worl ly, crisis iwhich the pill rs of the thro e were sh ttere , i which ot them y for the o e, b t the o e r ther th the m y, m st be s crifice ,w s zi g bewil erme t, terror, go y. All w s ch oswelteri g co f sio ; o resti g-pl ce i E gl for his ove-feet:isso ce, bl sphemy s he wee e , c me to his sh eri g he rt: he s wthe lifti g- p of chors ever before lifte , the Ch rch rifti g,rifti g w y imlessly helplessly ( s he misj ge ). Moses-like, he
looke this w y th t w y, s w o m --s w ot The M --f ile , I fe r, to look UP, bec se of his very go y of looki g ow
i . A so, i his tremor sorrow we ri ess, he p sse overto Rom C tholicism s the 'i e l' of his re i g, s the 'home' ofthe s i te o es whose wor s were s m to his spirit. Not stro g,efi t, m sterf l so l, by y me s--fr il, timoro s, shri ki g,r ther--he wo l 'fly w y,' eve if o t to the wil er ess, to be ' trest.' The very 'i er life' of Go w s i his soft ge tle he rt,th t he c rrie with him thro gh fter-ye rs, s Cowley bore br vewit ess by his m g imo s title of ' i t.' Co scie ce
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too--ill-i str cte possibly, yet tr e to its light, if tr e lso tofeeli gs th t o ght to h ve bee wrestle with, ot s cc mbe to--we twith him: wh t of Go 's gr ce is i m keeps him, whereverecclesi stic lly he m y bi e.
ch is o r sol tio of the 'ch ge' of Cr sh w from Protest tism toC tholicism. It is sheer f ticism to r ve g i st the 'ch ge,' tob rrow for ig oble motives. Gross ig or ce of the f cts of the periois betr ye by y o e who h rshly 'j ges' th t the h mble 'ejecteFellow' m e worl ly 'g i ' by his 'ch ge.' N y verily, it w s o'g i ,' i th t p ltry se se, for E glishm the to become Rom
C tholic. It w s to i vite obloq y, misco str ctio , 'evil-spe ki g.' ICr sh w's c se he h we lthy cles ts, other rel tives, whosho l h ve mply provi e for him, 'sheltere ' him thro gh the'tro blo s times.' Pry e's 'Lege Lig e , with A swer to Mr.Birchley's Mo er tor (ple i g for Toler tio of Popery) Ch r cter of some hopef l s i ts revolte to the Ch rch of Rome' (1653),is br t l s it is i cc r te; b t it m st be ce s ex mple ofwh t 'Revolters' (so c lle ) h to e re, lbeit Cr sh w w s go e i tothe sile ces whither o cl mo r re ches, whe the bitter book c meforth. 'M ster Rich r Cr sh w (so to the Lo o ivi e, sometimeFellow of t. Peterho se i C mbri ge) is other slip of the times th tis tr spl te to Rome. This pe vish sillie seeker gli e w y from hispri ciples i poetic l vei of f cy imperti e t c riosity,
fi i g th t verses me s re fl ttery took m ch ple se somefem le wits, Cr sh w crept by egrees i to f vo r cq i t ce withsome co rt l ies, with the gross comme tio s of their p rtsbe ties (b r ishe v r ishe with some other gree ble l tio s)he got first the estim tio of i oce t, h rmless co vert; p rse bei g m e by some el e , v i -glorio s l ies theirfrie s, the poet w s esp tche o pilgrim ge to Rome, where, if heh fo i the see Pope Urb the Eighth i ste of Pope I oce t, hemight possibly h ve receive gre ter q tity better mber ofbe e ictio s; for Urb w s s m ch prete er to be pri cec me ic l p tro of poets s he of the Ch rch; b t I oce t bei gmore h rsh ry, the poor sm ll poet Cr sh w met with o e of thege er tio ki re of Mec s, or y gre t blessi g from his
Holi ess; which misfort e p ts the pitif l wier- r wer to h mo r ofmiri g his ow r pt res; i this f cy (like N rciss s) he isf lle i love with his ow sh ow, co versi g with himself i verse,
miri g the birth of his ow br i s; he is o ly l ghe t, or tmost b t pitie , by his few p tro s, who, co ceivi g him worthy of ypreferme t i their Ch rch, h ve give him le ve to live (like leswi e lmost re y to st rve) i poor me ic t q lity; th tf vo r is gr te o ly bec se Cr sh w c r il s s tiric llybitterly t tr e religio i verse s others of his gr i complexioc i prose loose isco rses: this fickle sh ttlecock, so tost withevery ch ge ble p ff bl st, is r ther to be l ghe t scor efor his ri ic lo s levity th imit te i his si f l otorio spost cy revolt' (cxxxviii.).
The short cr shi g swer to ll this Billi gsg te is: The poems ofCr sh w re ow f lly before the re er, he will ot fi , from thefirst p ge to the l st, o e li e sweri g to Pry e's j icereprese t tio s: 'fl tteries,' ' l tio s,' 'r ili gs,' yo look for iv i . The wistf l ess of pers sio of the Verse-Letter to the Co tessof De bigh wo l h ve bee tr mple o s bli m or boortr mples o be of p sies, by the grim l wyer-P rit . The , the verylowli ess ( llege ) me ic cy of his post i the Ch rch of Romemight h ve s ggeste gr i of ch rity, seei g th t worl ly v ceme t
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co l ot be motive to ll-b t frie less schol r. As to the 'birthof his ow br i s,' 'co versi g with himself i verse,' wo l th twe h more s ch 'births' 'co versi gs'! Other cc s tio s rem lig t gossip, where they re ot o se se. F r iffere t is thespirit of Dr. Joh B rgr ve; whose M . h s t l st bee worthily e ite
p blishe for the C m e ociety.[20] His otice of Cr sh w t Romeis s follows: 'Whe I we t first of my fo r times to Rome, there werethere fo r revolters to the Rom Ch rch th t h bee Fellows ofPeterho se i C mbri ge with myself. The me of o e of them w s Mr. R.Cr sh w, who w s o e of the _eg it_ ( s their term is): th t is,tte t or of the followers of this C r i l, for which he h
s l ry of crow s by the mo th ( s the c stom is), b t o iet. Mr.Cr sh w i fi itely comme e his C r i l, b t compl i e extremely ofthe wicke ess of those of his reti e; of which he, h vi g theC r i l's e r, compl i e to him. Upo which the It li s fell so f ro t with him th t the C r i l, to sec re his life, w s f i to p t himfrom his service, proc ri g him some sm ll employ t the L y's ofLoretto; whither he we t o pilgrim ge i s mmer time, , overhe ti ghimself, ie i fo r weeks fter he c me thither, it w s o btf lwhether he w s ot poiso e ' (p. 37). Th t bri gs before s tr e,white-so le M 'of Go ,' resol te to 'spe k o t,' whoever si e ihis sight; it is bli sect ri ism to e y th t, from the obleholy Loyol to o r ow F ber pe cer the livi g Newm , theCh rch of Rome h s ever bee witho t tless pre chers of the very
righteo s ess of Go , or hesit t reb kers of the wicke ess,immor lities, frivolities of their co-religio ists. The s spicio of'poyso ' I m willi g to ccept. O w r I sh ll give o r recovererecor of his e th. mm rily, the , the 'ch ge' of Cr sh w fromProtest tism to Rom C tholicism h its root c rries its sol tioi his 'mystic l' re my temper me t ye r i gs, s these wereover-e co r ge i ste of co trolle ; s form tive i fl e ces therewere--(__) his re i g i Teres ki re liter t re, til ot'h s,' b t br i he rt, im gi tio f cy, grew i to theeleme ts wherei they wro ght-- s o e fi s spr ys of o ce-gree moss
elic te-c rve fer s ch ge by the rippi g limesto e i tolimesto e: (_b_) the rit listic reviv l bei g i the h s of thosemost love tr ste , from whom he fetche wh tever of spirit l
life pe ce joy hope w s i him--these too bei g of stro gerwill, ecisive i opi io ctio --his v g e 'feeli g- fter' restw s ce tre i the Rest of i e l Rom C tholicism: (_c_) the co f sio s
strifes of the tr sitio -perio of the Commo we lth terrifie wo e him; he mistook the cr sh of f lli g sc ffol i g, whose e w sserve , for the f lli g of the everl sti g skies; s w ot their sere eshi i g beyo the p ssi g clo s, light i g-ch rge for ivi ecl rifyi g; 'q iet retre t,' which Im gi tio becko e him to,wo him to 'hi e' there his weepi g ism y. Nothi g sor i orexpe ie t, or f ci g-both-w ys, or worthy, move him to 'ch ge.'Every o e who h s self-respect b se o self-k owle ge, who th s h sexperie ce the mystery of his eepest beliefs, will m ke ll ge tlestllow ces, hol ll te erest symp thies with him, feel the co rse
b se of Pry e l ter s perso l wro g. Rich r Cr sh w w str e 'm of Go ,' cte , I believe, i se sitive llegi ce to hisco scie ce s it sp ke to him. 'Ch ge,' eve f me t l ch ge, is ch m is to be ccepte witho t reserve s 'ho est' righteo s
Go -fe ri g. He re ot sig the ' olem Le g e Cove t,'however 'solem ' it might be to others; so he we t o t.[21] I p ssto--
II. _His frie s ssoci tes, s celebr te i his writi gs._ I sethe wor 'Writi gs' here r ther th 'Poems,' bec se i his Epistles,
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_e.g._ to the 'Epigr mm t ' those pri te by s for the first time,s well s i his Poetry, mes re fo over which o e p sesi sti ctively. Comme ci g with his school- ys t the Ch rterho se,there is Robert Brooke, 'M ster' ('Preceptor') from 1628 to 1643.[22]Very little h s come ow to s co cer i g him, the prese t he ofthe re ow e chool h s bee ble to to Alex er Ch lmers'testimo y, 'A very celebr te M ster.' All the more h ve I ple s re ii viti g tte tio to the ew 'Epistol ' rel te poems resse tohim, which m st be st ie lo g with the previo s poem,'Or tissimo viro prceptori s o cole issimo, M gistro Brook' (vol. ii.pp. 319); perh ps the h moro s ge i l serio-comic celebr tio of
'Prisci s' grew from some school-i ci e t (vol. ii. pp. 308, 315)h vi g i the l tter ye r, like Cr sh w, bee 'ejecte ' from theCh rterho se for ot t ki g the ' olem Le g e Cove t.' He hbee sher from 1626 to 1628. A p rtme t i the b il i g is stillc lle from him Brooke H ll ('Chro icles,' pp. 129, 159).
The ext promi e t me is th t of Be j mi L y--sometimes L ey, s iM sso 's Milto (i. 97)-- fterw r s s ccessively Bishop of Peterboro gh
Li col Ely. We h ve lre y ote his m rke Protest tism ithe verse-e logy of the el er Cr sh w, so th t prob bly it w s s hisf ther's so , L y, the M ster of Pembroke, receive o r Worthy there.L y w s of the 'ejecte ' i 1644. The prese t Bishop of Ely, with llwilli g ess to help s, fo o M . or biogr phic m teri ls i his
c sto y. Whe m y we hope e ch bishopric will fi q lifiehistori -biogr pher? A portr it of L y is i the M ster's Lo ge t theCh rterho se ('Chro icles,' 1847, p. 140).
Cr sh w's t tor t Pembroke w s 'M ster To r y,' to whose pr isefrie ship he e ic tes L ti poem (vol. ii. pp. 371 et sqq.). Dr.W r , M ster of i ey College, writes to Archbishop Usher th s of him:'We h ve h some oi gs here of l te bo t o e of Pembroke H ll, who,pre chi g i t. M ry's, bo t the begi i g of Le t, po th t text,J mes ii. 22, seeme to vo ch the i s fficie cy of f ith toj stific tio , to imp g the octri e of o r 11th Article, ofJ stific tio by f ith o ly; for which he w s co ve te by theVice-Ch cellor, who w s willi g to ccept of e sy ck owle gme t;
b t the s me p rty pre chi g his L ti sermo , _pro Gr _, the l stweek, po Rom. iii. 28, he s i he c me ot _p li o i m c ere, see em c tile m c ere_; which move o r Vice-Ch cellor, Dr. Love, toc ll for his sermo , which he ref se to eliver. Where po , poWe es y l st, bei g B r by D y, the y ppoi te for the missioof the B chelors of Divi ity, which m st swer _Die Comitior m_, he w sst ye by the m jor p rt of the s ffr ges of the Doctors of thef c lty.... The tr th is, there re some He s mo g s th t re gre tbettors of M. To r y, the p rty bove me tio e , who, o o bt, reb cke by others' (J e 14, 1643. Life of P rr, p. 470: Willmott, 1stseries, pp. 302-3). I rel tio to To r y's heresy o 'J stific tio ,'it is profo ly i teresti g, biogr phic lly, to remember Cr sh w's moststriki g L ti poems--so c relessly overlooke , if ot imp e tly
s ppresse , by T r b ll--first p blishe by Cr sh w i the vol me of1648, viz. 'Fi es, q sol j stific t, o est si e spe et ilectio e,'
'B ptism s o tollit f t r pecc t .' The st e t will o well tot r to these two poems i their pl ces (vol. ii. pp. 209, 216).[23]
Robert helfor , 'of Ri gsfiel i ffolk, Priest,' w s other'_s spect_:' s i H tley's [ = Pry e] _Brevi te_ (3 e . 1637, p.308) we re , 'M ster helfor h th of l te ffirme i pri t, th t thePope w s ever yet efi e to be the A tichrist by y y o s.' Moreveheme tly writes Usher to Dr. W r ( ept. 15, 1635): 'B t while we
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strive here to m i t i the p rity of o r cie t tr th, how cometh itto p ss th t yo t C mbri ge o c st s ch st mbli g-blocks i o r w y,by p blishi g to the worl s ch rotte st ff s helfor h th ve tei his Five Disco rses; wherei he h th so c rrie himself _t f mosiPer i m e sem possis g oscere_. The Jes its of E gl se t over thebook hither to ss re them th t we re ow comi g home to them s f sts we c . I pr y Go this si be ot eeply l i to their ch rge, whogive occ sio to o r bli th s to st mble' ( s before). It w s tothese 'Five Disco rses' o r Poet f r ishe 'comme tory' poem--giveby s m til te from the vol me (vol. i. pp. 162-5). helfor , likehis frie , w s of Peterho se. A other college-frie w s Willi m Herrys
(or Herries or H rris), who w s of Essex. He ie i October 1631. Hew s of Pembroke Christ's. The poems 'Epit ph' co secr te to hismemory re i v rio s w ys rem rk ble. B t beyo few college- tes, Ih ve f ile to recover otices of him. He seems to h ve bee to Cr sh wwh t yo g Ki g w s to Milto his fellow-st e ts (vol. i. pp.220-30; vol. ii. pp. 378 et sqq.).[24] o with J mes t i ow (ort i o gh), 'fellow of Q ee e's Colle ge'--the poem o whose e th w sfirst pri te by s (vol. i. pp. 290-92). He h s L ti poem prefixeto Is cso 's 'Chro ology' (o r vol. i. pp. 246-49).[25] o too with'M ster Ch mbers,' of the fi e p thetic hitherto o ymo s poem 'Vpothe e th of Ge tlem ' (vol. i. pp. 218-19). Neither h ve I bee bleto o e syll ble to the me he i g: 'A Epit ph vpo Mr.Ashto , co form ble citize .' Wre , Cosi , others of C mbri ge,
ot bei g me by Cr sh w, o ot come er these rem rks. The ewpoems o Dr. Porter (vol. i. pp. 293-4), Dr. M sell (vol. ii. p. 323),others, expl i themselves--with o r otes. Of C r i l P lott , or
P lotto, we get most s tisfyi g glimpses i Dr. B rgr ve's vol me( lre y q ote ). The Protest t C o 's testimo y is: 'He is veryp p ble [pl c ble], esteeme worthy by ll, especi lly the pri cesth t k ow his virt e q lities, bei g m of gelic l life;Rome wo l be gl to see him Pope, to p ll ow the pri e of theB rberi i. I oce t the Xth, ow reig i g, h th gre t reg r for him,tho gh his ki re c re ot for him, bec se he spe keth his mi freelyof them to the Pope' (p. 36).[26]
It o ly rem i s th t I otice o r Cr sh w's frie ship with (__)
Abr h m Cowley; (_b_) the Co tess of De bigh.
(__) ABRAHAM COWLEY. Of the lter te-poem o Hope, compose by CowleyCr sh w (vol. i. pp. 175-181), th t 'Vpo two gree e Apricockes
se t to Cowley by ir Cr sh w' (ib. pp. 269-70), more i o r extivisio . These rem i s the ever-e ri g 'memori l' of theirfrie ship, while the tho ght-f ll, love-f ll 'Elegy,' evote by thes rvivor to the memory of his Frie , c ever p le of its glory (vol.i. pp. xxxvi.-viii.). All ho o r to Cowley th t he kept the tr ce'Apost te' 'Revolter' i his he rt-of-he rts, 'so ght' him o ti his lowly 'lo gi gs' i the g y, yet (to him) s P ris. It is myp rpose o e y worthily to repro ce the Works of this i formf t stic, b t i s bst ce most i tellect l, of o r Poets; I sh ll
h ve the , perh ps, somethi g itio l to comm ic te o thisbe tif l Frie ship. They h ppe re together s Poets i the 'VocesVotiv.' The v rio s re i gs show th t Cowley's portio of Hope w srevise i P ris; this, with the gift of the ' pricockes,' expressesth t they h some ple s t i terco rse.[27]
(_b_) COUNTE OF DENBIGH. By the co fi i g goo ess of the prese t E rlCo tess of De bigh, I h ve, mo g my ' y Memories,' most
ple s t ho rs of lo g s mmer y spe t i ex mi i g the Libr ryf mily M . portr its t New h m P ox, co ti e
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symp thetic correspo e ce, s ppleme te with ki re helpf l ess o thep rt of the goo F ther-priest of the ho se. It is o e of the om liesof o r tio l historic Biogr phy th t the sister of B cki gh m-- s ,
ghter of ir George Villiers, of Brokesby, first Co tess ofDe bigh--sho l h ve ie m e o 'sig ,' left o memori l; forit is bsol tely k ow whe or where she i ie. B t s it is k owth t _she_ bec me Rom C tholic,[28] while it is ot k ow th tEliz beth, ghter co-heir of E w r Bo rchier, E rl of B th, whobec me thir wife (of fo r) of B sil, seco E rl of De bigh, so'ch ge ,' we m st co cl e th t T r b ll others re mist ke ireg r i g the l tter s Cr sh w's 'p tro ' frie . The f mily-p pers
show th t s Co tess of De bigh w s l y of i tellect force;eq lly o they show th t Eliz beth Bo rchier w s (to s y the le st)-liter ry. I h ve from New h m P ox she f of r rely-vivi
v l ble Letters of ' s '--with some of 'Eliz beth;' if I c o lys ccee i iscoveri g the te of the former's e th, so s toetermi e whether she w s livi g p to Cr sh w's e th i 1650, orthereby-- s ow ger-co tess--I i te to prep re short Mo ogr ph oher, wherei I sh ll pri t, for the first time, s ch series of Letterss will comp re with y ever give to the worl ; I sho l gre tlylike to e gr ve her ever-yet e gr ve m g ifice t f ce t New h mP ox. For the prese t, igressio m y be llowe , i or er toi tro ce, s ex mples of these recovere Letters, shortcre it ble o e from B cki gh m to his mother, o e from s ,
Co tess of De bigh, to her so ; others, th t re lo g f ct-f ll,here fter ( s _s pr_). These i or er:
I. B cki gh m to his Mother [ te ]:
Dere Mother,--Give me b t s m y blessi gs p r o s s I sh llm ke f lts, the yo m ke h ppie
Yo r most obe ie t o e,
For my Mother. BUCKINGHAM.
II. s , Co tess of De bigh, to Lor Fiel i g:
My eere o e,--The ki g othe pprove well of yo r goi g i to p e, for my p rt I thi ke it will be the best of yo r tr viles
by reso th t the ki g oth isco rs mo st of th t pl se. I m m ch fflicte for fe re of Mr. M so , b t I hope o r Lor well se him
well home g i e. I pr y o ot torme t me with yo r goi g i to the ger of the pl ge y more. o with my blessi g I t ke my le ve.
Yo r lovei g Mother,
For my e re o e theise. U. DENBIGH.
The Verse-Letters to the Co tess of De bigh (vol. i. pp. 295-303) willbe re with re ewe i terest i the light of the ll-b t cert i f ctth t it w s s , sister of B cki gh m--every w y memor blewom --who w s 'pers e ' by Cr sh w to 'joi ' Rom C tholicism, si her mother.[29] Reverti g to the mes which I h ve e e vo re tocommemor te, where hitherto sc rcely ythi g h s bee k ow , it will beperceive th t the circle of Cr sh w's frie ships w s rrow o e,to che m i ly the two thi gs--his U iversity c reer, his gre t
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'ch ge' religio sly or r ther ecclesi stic lly. Of the Poets of hisperio , except Cowley For , o tr ce rem i s s k ow to ori fl e ti l over him. Whe Cr sh w e tere C mbri ge, Giles Fletcherh bee e te ye rs; Phi e s Fletcher Herrick h left bo t thes me mber of ye rs; Herbert, for fo r or five; Milto w s j stgoi g. His most choice frie s were mo g the mighty e . preme mesl ter l y o tsi e of his ccess. I wish he h met-- s he might h veo e--Milto . I p ss ext to
III. _His ch r cteristics pl ce s Poet._ It is somethi g ' ewer the s ' th t it sho l be o r privilege well- igh to o ble the
q tity of the ext t Poetry of s ch i ger s Rich r Cr sh w, bypri ti g, for the first time, the tre s re-trove of the croft-T erM .; by tr sl ti g ( lso for the first time) the whole of hisL ti poetry. Every eleme t of tr e poetic f c lty th t belo gs to hisow p blishe Poems is fo i the ew, while there re ew tr itslike of ch r cter ge i s; o r Tr sl tio s m st be s the'r isi g' of the li of gem-fille c sket, sh t to the m y for these(f lly) two h re ye rs. The mirer of Cr sh w hitherto h s th s hishorizo wi e e , I h ve ki of feeli g th t perch ce it werewiser to le ve the complete Poetry to m ke its ow impressio o thosewho come to it. Nevertheless I m st, however briefly, f lfil my promiseof estim te of o r Worthy. Fo r thi gs ppe r to me to c ll forex mi tio , i or er to give the esse ti ls of Cr sh w s Poet,
to g ther his m i ch r cteristics: (__) Im gi tive-se s o s ess;(_b_) btlety of emotio ; (_c_) Epigr ms; (__) Tr sl tio s(briefly) L ti Greek Poetry. I wo l s y little o e ch.
(__) _Im gi tive-se s o s ess._ Like 'ch rity' for 'love,' the wor'se s o s' h s eterior te i o r y. It is, I fe r, more th iso root co f se with 'se s l,' i its b se pplic tio . I seit s Milto i , i the well-k ow p ss ge whe he efi e Poetry to be'simple, _se s o s_, p ssio te;' I q lify 'se s o s ess' with'im gi tive,' th t I m y express o r Poet's pec li r gift of looki g teverythi g with f ll, ope , pe etr tive eye, yet thro gh hisim gi tio ; his im gi tio ot bei g s spect cles (colo re ) stri ethe ose, b t s light of white glory ll over his i tellect
e tire f c lties. O ly Wor sworth helley, rece tly RossettiJe I gelow, re comp r ble with him i this. Yo c sc rcely err iope i g o y p ge i yo r o t-look for it. The very first poem, 'TheWeeper,' is l stro s with it. For ex mple, wh t gr re ch of'im gi tive' comprehe sive ess h ve we so e rly s i the secost z , where from the swimmi g eyes of his 'M g le e' he w s, s itwere, swept pw r to the bro tr sfig re sky i its wilever-v ryi g be ty of the glitteri g silver r i !
'He s thy f ir eyes be;He e s of ever-f lli g st rres.'Tis see -time still with thee;A st rres tho sow'st whose h r est res
Promise the E rth to co ter-shi eWh te er m kes he 's forehe fi e.'
How gr ly v g e is th t 'co ter-shi e _wh tever_,' s it le spw r s to the 'forehe '--s perb, wf l, Go -crow e --of the 'he s'!Of the s me i ki , b t tter bly sweet i ty lso i itsexq isite ess, is st z vii.:
'The e w o more will weep _ew_The primrose's p le cheek to eck:
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The e w o more will sleepN zzel' i the lily's eck;
M ch r ther wo l it be thy te r,A le e them both to tremble there.'
Wor sworth's visio of the 'fl shi g ffo ils' is ot fi er th this.A merely re listic Poet ( s Joh Cl re or Bloomfiel ) wo l ever h vese the glorio s si g l r, 'thy te r,' with its m rvello ss ggestive ess of the m ltit i o s ew reg r i g itself s o tweighei everythi g by o e 'te r' of s ch eyes. Every st z gives text forcomme t ry; the r pi , crow i g q estio s replies of the Te rs
c lmi te i the sple i hom ge to the vio r i the co cl sio ,to che with ge tle scor :
'We goe ot to seekThe rli gs of A ror 's be ,The rose's mo est cheek,Nor the violet's h mble he ,
Tho gh the feil 's eyes too Weepers be,Bec se they w t s ch te res s we.M ch lesse me to tr ceThe fort e of i ferior gemmes,Preferr' to some pro f ce,Or pertch't vpo fe r' i ems:
_Crow ' he s re toyes. We goe to meet_A worthy object, o r _Lor 's feet_.'
'Feet' t highest; m rk the h mble ess, the fit ess too. Eve moretr ly th of Do e (i Arth r Wilso 's Elegy) m y it be s i ofCr sh w, here elsewhere, tho 'Co l st give both life se se toflower,'--f i t prel e of Wor sworth's 'me est flower.'
Dr. M c o l (i 'A tipho ') is perplexi gly symp thetic, or, if Im y re to s y it, woo e , i his criticism o 'The Weeper;' for whilehe ch r cterises it ge er lly s 'r i t of elic te f cy,' he goeso : 'b t s rely s ch to es re ot worthy of flitti g moth-like bo tthe holy sorrow of repe t t wom ! F t stic lly be tif l, they b t
pl y with her grief. orrow herself wo l p t her shoes off her feet ippro chi g the weepi g M g le e. They m ke m ch of her i ee , b tthey show her little revere ce. There is i them, otwithst i g theirfervo r of moro s wor s, col ess, like th
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