SOUTH AFRICAVS.

ETHIOPIA

Brianna

Andrekovich

SOUTH AFRICA

POPULATION GRAPH

SOUTH AFRICA:G E O G R A P H Y

Bordered by the:• Atlantic Ocean on the West• Indian Ocean on the South and East

Neighbors:• Namibia in North West• Zimbabwe and Botswana in North• Mozambique and Swaziland in North East• Southernmost part of Africa is Cape Agulhas

SOUTH AFRICA:G O V E R N M E N T

Republic

Declared itself republic in 1961

Cut its ties with the Commonwealth

Commonwealth objected the country’s

racist policies

The White Supremacist National Party

continued (1948-came to power) its rule for

the next three decades

SOUTH AFRICAH I S T O R Y

San people were first settlers

Then Khoikhoi and Bantu-speaking tribes

The Dutch East Indiana Company landed European

settlers in 1652- on Cape of Good Hope

The colony had only 15,000 members at the end of

the 18th century

The Boers and Afrikaners, speaking a Dutch dialect-

Afrikaans- settled as early as 1795 and tried to

establish an independent republic

HISTORY CONTINUEDBritain took Cape Colony and posession in 1815

at he end of the Napoleonic Wars

This brought 5,000 settlers

The freeing of slaves in 1833 forced about

12,000 Arikaners to make the “great trek” north

and east into African Tribal territory• This is where they established the Republics

of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State

HISTORY CONTINUED

Discovered diamonds in 1867 and gold nine years later• This brought and arrival of “outlanders” into the republics • The Prime Minister planned on annexation, however, an

army forced him to resign

The necessary war with the Boers broke out on October 11, 1899• The defeat of the Boers led to the Union of South Africa,

four new provinces, the two former republics, and the old Cape and Natal colonies

• A Boer, Botha, became first Prime Minister

The political activity with Africans started with the African

National Congress in 1912

SOUTH AFRICAI N D E P E N D E N C E

Jan Smuts brought nation to World War II on the

Allied side against Nationalist opposition

South Africa became member of United Nations in

1945

Smuts refused to sign the Universal Declaration of

Human Rights

Apartheid-racial separation- overruled domestic

politics at the Nationalists grew power• Africans(Bantus), Asians, Coloreds- anyone in South Africa

that is not white

INDEPENDENCE C O N T I N U E D

Black voters were taken from the voter polls in 1936

The nonwhite population was forced out of assigned

white areas

The Group Areas Acts of 1950 and 1986 forced 1.5

million Africans to move from cities to rural townships• They lived in poverty under repressive laws

1960- 70 black protestors were killed during a

peaceful presentation

INDEPENDENCE C O N T I N U E D

The ANC was banned that year

1964- Mandela was sentenced to live in

prison

Black protests against apartheid grew

violent

1976- uprising in black township spread to

other black townships and left 600 dead

U.N. made sanctions

SOUTH AFRICA

1989- new president, De Klerk. • Removed ban on ANC and demolished

apartheid. He released Mandela

New constitution was being worked on by

a multiracial group in 1991 led by Mandela

and Klerd

1993- Temporary constitution passed

2005- population

was 44,344,000

2011- population

was 50,586,757

Currency- south

African rand

SOUTH AFRICA9% colored

9% white

2.5% indian

52% female

79% black African

ancestry

ETHIOPIAGEOGRAPHY

Size of New Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma

combined

High mountains, very dry

Nationality: Ethiopia

Population: 84 million

Annual growth of population: 2.6%

ETHIOPIA

CULTURE

POPULATION

Nine different

ethnicities:

• Oromo (34.5%)• Amhara (26.9%)• Tigre (6.1%)• Somali (6.2%)• Sidama (4%)

ETHIOPIAE T H N I C I T Y

• Gurage (2.5%)• Wolaita (2.3%)• Afar (1.7%• Other (3%)

• religion

Ethiopian Orthodox

Christian (43.5%)- live in

highlands

Muslim (33.95)- live in

low lands

Protestant (18.6)

others

ETHIOPIAR E L I G I O N S A N D L A N G U A G E S

• languages

The official- Amharic

Tigrinya

Arabic

Guaragigna

Oromifa

English and Somali

ETHIOPIA

Infant mortality rate: 77/1,000

live births

Work:• agriculture (80%)• Industry (20%)

ETHIOPIAG O V E R N M E N T

Federal Republic

Constitution was ratified in 1994

Political parties• Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic

Front• Ethiopian Federal Democratic Unity Forum• The Unity for Democracy and Justice party• The United Ethiopian Democratic Forces

POLITICAL PARTIES CONTINUED

Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement

Ethiopian Democratic Party

Oromo Peoples’ Congress

All Ethiopia Unity Party

OTHER FACTS

Suffrage- Universal starting at age 18

Central government budget- 6.97

billion

Defense- 384.6 million

ETHIOPIAE C O N O M Y

Natural Resources- salt, gold, copper, platinum, natural gas, and

potash

Agriculture- coffee, cereals, pulses, oilseeds, meat, hides, and

skins

Industry- Textiles, leather, processed foods, construction, cement,

hydroelectric power

Trade- • Exports- 2.75 billion• Imports- 8.25 billion• Private transfers- 3.2 billion

ECONOMY CONTINUED

Cultivated land- 17%

Annual growth rate- 11.4%

GDP per capita- $376

Average inflation rate- 18.1% year-on-

year- 38.1%

ETHIOPIAG E O G R A P H Y

Located in Horn of Africa

Borders: Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia,

Kenya, South Sudan, and Sudan

High plateaus and mountains

ETHIOPIAP O P U L A T I O N

Diverse

Mostly Semitic or Cushitic

Oromo, Amhara,and Tigreans make up more than

2/3

More than 77 different ethnic groups with own

languages• Some have more than 10.000 members

ETHIOPIAS C H O O L S

English is the most spoken

foreign language and is taught in

all secondary schools

Amharic is the official language

ETHIOPIA H I S T O R Y

One of the earliest known locations

of human ancestors

Oldest independent country in

Africa and one of the oldest in the

world