3COM Command Reference v2p3

3Com Router Software Command Reference

http://www.3com.com/

Part No: DUA1370-1AAA01 Published September 2005

Command Reference Guide Getting Started v2.30 Router Software Table of Contents

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Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Basic Configuration Commands................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 Basic Configuration Commands ........................................................................................ 1-1

1.1.1 clock datetime ......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.2 clock summer-time .................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1.3 clock timezone......................................................................................................... 1-2 1.1.4 command-privilege.................................................................................................. 1-3 1.1.5 cpu-usage cycle ...................................................................................................... 1-4 1.1.6 display clipboard...................................................................................................... 1-5 1.1.7 display clock ............................................................................................................ 1-6 1.1.8 display cpu-usage ................................................................................................... 1-6 1.1.9 display cpu-usage history........................................................................................ 1-8 1.1.10 display history-command .................................................................................... 1-10 1.1.11 display memory ................................................................................................... 1-10 1.1.12 display version..................................................................................................... 1-11 1.1.13 header ................................................................................................................. 1-12 1.1.14 hotkey.................................................................................................................. 1-13 1.1.15 language-mode ................................................................................................... 1-15 1.1.16 lock ...................................................................................................................... 1-16 1.1.17 quit....................................................................................................................... 1-16 1.1.18 return ................................................................................................................... 1-17 1.1.19 super ................................................................................................................... 1-18 1.1.20 super password................................................................................................... 1-19 1.1.21 sysname.............................................................................................................. 1-20 1.1.22 system-view......................................................................................................... 1-20 1.1.23 vrbd ..................................................................................................................... 1-21

1.2 Command-Alias Configuration Commands ..................................................................... 1-21 1.2.1 command-alias enable .......................................................................................... 1-21 1.2.2 command-alias mapping ....................................................................................... 1-22 1.2.3 display command-alias.......................................................................................... 1-23

Command Reference Guide Getting Started v2.30 Router Software Chapter 1 Basic Configuration Commands

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Chapter 1 Basic Configuration Commands

1.1 Basic Configuration Commands

1.1.1 clock datetime

Syntax

clock datetime time date

View

System view

Parameter

time: Current time in the format of HH:MM:SS, where HH is hours in the range 0 to 23, MM is minutes in the range 0 to 59, and SS is seconds in the range 0 to 59.

date: Current date in the format of MM/DD/YYYY or YYYY/MM/DD. MM is the month of the year in the range 1 to 12, DD is the day of the month in the range 1 to 31, and YYYY is a year in the range 2000 to 2099.

Description

Use the clock datetime command to set the current time and date of the router.

The current time and date of the router must be set in an environment that requires the acquisition of absolute time.

You may choose not to provide seconds when inputting the time parameters.

Related command: display clock.

Example

# Set the current system time to 00:00:00 01/01/2001.

[3Com] clock datetime 0:0:0 01/01/2001

1.1.2 clock summer-time

Syntax

clock summer-time zone_name { one-off | repeating } start-time start-date end-time end-date add-time


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undo clock summer-time

View

System view

Parameter

zone_name: Name of the daylight saving time, a character string of 1 to 32 characters.

one-off: Only sets the daylight saving time of some year.

repeating: Sets the daylight saving time of every year starting from some year.

time: In the format of HH:MM:SS (hours/minutes/seconds).

date: In the format of MM/DD/YYYY (months/days/years) or YYYY/MM/DD, where YYYY is in the range 2000 to 2099.

Description

Use the clock summer-time command to set the name, starting, and ending time of the daylight saving time.

Use the undo clock summer-time command to cancel the configuration of the daylight saving time.

After the configuration takes effect you can use the display clock command to view it. The time of the log or debug information is the local time of which the time zone and daylight saving time has been adjusted.

Related command: clock timezone.

Example

# During daylight saving time in z2 between 06:00:00 on 2002/06/08 and 06:00:00 on 2002/09/01, set the system clock ahead one hour.

[3Com] clock summer-time z2 one-off 06:00:00 06/08/2002 06:00:00 09/01/2002 01:00:00

# During daylight saving time in z2 between 06:00:00 on 06/08 and 06:00:00 on 09/01 every year since 2002, set the system clock ahead one hour.

[3Com] clock summer-time z2 repeating 06:00:00 06/08/2002 06:00:00 09/01/2002 01:00:00

1.1.3 clock timezone

Syntax

clock timezone zone_name { add | minus } time


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undo clock timezone

View

System view

Parameter

zone_name: Time zone name, a string of 1 to 32 characters.

add: Positive offset to universal time coordinated (UTC) time.

minus: Negative offset to UTC time.

time: In the format of HH/MM/SS (hours/minutes/seconds).

Description

Use the clock timezone command to set the local time zone.

Use the undo clock timezone command to restore the local time zone to the default UTC time zone.

After the configuration takes effect you can view it by executing the display clock command. The time applied to the log and debug information is the local time with time zone and daylight saving time adjustment.

Related command: clock summer-time.

Example

# Set the name of the local time zone to Z5, five hours ahead of UTC time.

[3Com] clock timezone z5 add 05:00:00

1.1.4 command-privilege

Syntax

command-privilege level level view view command-key

undo command-privilege view view command-key

View

System view

Parameter

level level: Command level ranging from 0 to 3.

view view: Specifies a view.


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commandkey: Command to be set in the specified view.

Description

Use the command-privilege command to assign a command level to the commands in the specified view.

Use the undo command-privilege view command to restore the default.

Command privilege falls into four levels, visit, monitor, system, and manage, which are identified by 0 through 3.

For a user that logs onto the router from a user interface, the command level that the user can access can be the one administratively assigned to the user or the one assigned to the user interface, whichever is smaller. For more information on how to assign command level to a user interface, refer to Chapter 4 User Interface Configuration Commands in this Command Reference Guide System Management section.

The following table describes the default level of the commands.

Table 1-1 Default level of the commands

Command level Commands

Visit (0) ping, tracert, telnet

Monitor (1) display, debugging

System (2) Configuration commands

Manage (3) Key settings, FTP, Xmodem, TFTP, file system operation commands

Example

# Set the command level of the interface command to 0.

[3Com] command-privilege level 0 view system interface

1.1.5 cpu-usage cycle

Syntax

cpu-usage cycle { 5sec | 1min | 5min | 72min } [ slave | slot slot-num ]

View

System view


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Parameter

5sec: Sets the statistic interval to five seconds.

1min: Sets the CPU usage statistic interval to one minute.

5min: Sets the CPU usage statistic interval to five minutes.

72min: Sets the CPU usage statistic interval to 72 minutes.

slave: Given a dual-RPU/ERPU supported device, sets the usage statistic interval of the CPU on the slave RPU/ERPU.

slot slot-num: Given a distributed device, sets the usage statistic interval of the CPU on the interface board specified by its slot number.

Description

Use the cpu-usage cycle command to set the CPU usage statistic interval.

Depending on the specified interval the statistical period displayed by executing the display cpu-usage history command is different.

The default CPU usage statistic interval is 60 seconds.

Example

# Set the CPU usage statistic interval to five seconds.

[3Com] cpu-usage cycle 5Sec

1.1.6 display clipboard

Syntax

display clipboard

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the display clipboard command to view the contents of the clipboard.

Example

# Display the contents of the clipboard.


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display clipboard -----------------clipboard ----------------- ip route 10.1.0.0 255.0.0.0 eth 0

1.1.7 display clock

Syntax

display clock

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the display clock command to view the current system time and date.

If the displayed system time and date are incorrect use the clock datetime command to adjust them.

Example

# Display the current time and date.

display clock 15:50:45 UTC Mon 02/12/2003

1.1.8 display cpu-usage

Syntax

display cpu-usage [ configuration | number [ offset ] [ verbose ] [ from-device ] ]

View

Any view

Parameter

configuration: Displays the configuration of CPU usage statistics, such as whether CPU usage statistics is enabled, statistic interval, and CPU usage alarm thresholds.

number: Number of CPU usage statistics queries.

offset: Offset of the starting entry to be displayed to the last statistic entry.


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verbose: Displays the detailed information.

from-device: Displays information stored on an external storage device such as a Flash memory or hard disk. (Not available yet.)

Description

Use the display cpu-usage command to view statistics about CPU usage.

The function of both display cpu-usage and display cpu-usage 1 0 verbose is to display detailed information on the last CPU usage statistics.

Example

# Display detailed information on CPU usage statistics.

[Router] display cpu-usage ===== Current CPU usage info ===== CPU Usage Stat. Cycle: 1 (Second) CPU Usage : 1% CPU Usage Stat. Time : 2004-09-15 15:51:48 CPU Usage Stat. Tick : 0x27(CPU Tick High) 0x88cf18e4(CPU Tick Low) Actual Stat. Cycle : 0x0(CPU Tick High) 0x2264cc2(CPU Tick Low) TaskName CPU Runtime(CPU Tick High/CPU Tick Low) VIDL 99% 0/ 222de39 TICK 0% 0/ 88d8 co0 0% 0/ 6e5 SRM 0% 0/ 1da ROUT 0% 0/ 1d6c SOCK 0% 0/ 3c65 VTYD 0% 0/ 1074 IPSP 0% 0/ 28b TAC 0% 0/ 15ac SC 0% 0/ 10de RDS 0% 0/ e71 ACM 0% 0/ 180a LSSO 0% 0/ 3a2 TRAP 0% 0/ 2d0 NTPT 0% 0/ 1082a PIMT 0% 0/ 2f8 LSPM 0% 0/ 90c L2V 0% 0/ 1066 IPS 0% 0/ 7575


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SIP 0% 0/ 6b87 DHCP 0% 0/ 33d HOT 0% 0/ fca DHCC 0% 0/ 414

1.1.9 display cpu-usage history

Syntax

display cpu-usage history [ task task-id ] [ slave | slot slot-num ]

View

Any view

Parameter

task task-id: Specifies a task ID.

slave: Given a dual-RPU/ERPU supported device, sets the usage statistic interval of the CPU on the slave RPU/ERPU.

slot slot-num: Given a distributed device, sets the usage statistic interval of the CPU on the interface board specified by its slot number.

Description

Use the display cpu-usage history command to view in graphics the CPU usage statistic history of the entire system, the specified task, or the interface board in the specified slot.

Example

# Display the CPU usage statistic history of the entire system.

[Router] display cpu-usage history 100%| 95%| 90%| 85%| 80%| 75%| 70%| 65%| 60%| 55%| 50%|


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45%| 40%| 35%| 30%| 25%| 20%| 15%| 10%| 5%| ------------------------------------------------------------ 10 20 30 40 50 60 (minutes) cpu-usage last 60 minutes(SYSTEM)

# Display the CPU usage statistic history of task 6.

[Router] display cpu-usage history task 6 100%| 95%| 90%| 85%| 80%| 75%| 70%| 65%| 60%| 55%| 50%| 45%| 40%| 35%| 30%| 25%| 20%| 15%| 10%| 5%| ------------------------------------------------------------ 10 20 30 40 50 60 (minutes) cpu-usage last 60 minutes(T03M)


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1.1.10 display history-command

Syntax

display history-command

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use display history-command to view the history commands.

The terminal automatically saves the commands that are input and each ended with a carriage return.

Example

# Display history commands.

display history-command display interface displayinterface e 1/0/0 interface e 1/0/0

1.1.11 display memory

Syntax

display memory

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the display memory command to view information on system memory load.


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Example

# Display information on the current system memory load.

[Router] display memory System Total Memory(bytes): 41918976 Total Used Memory(bytes): 15949136 Used Rate: 38%

1.1.12 display version

Syntax

display version

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the display version command to view system version information.

By viewing system version information you can learn about the current software version, rack type, and the information related to the main control board and interface boards.

Example

# Display system version information of the AR 46-40.

display version Copyright Notice:SK_VSIR_NAME crea All rights reserved (Sep 13 2004).rule 1 de icmp ?create... 3Com Versatile Routing Platform Software 3Com(R) software, Version 2.30, Release 0001SP03 Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Corp. All rights reserved . Copyright (c) 2000-2003 3Com Corp. All rights reserved. 3Com Router AR46-40 uptime is 0 week, 0 day, 0 hour, 22 minutes Rpu's version information: Router AR46-40 with 1 PowerPC 750 Processor


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256M bytes SDRAM 32M bytes FLASH 512K bytes NVRAM Pcb Version : RTM1RPUA.1 RPE Logic Version : RPE3.4 SBG Logic Version : 012 Small BootROM Version : 3.04 Big BootROM Version : 5.03 Config Register points to FLASH [SLOT 0] AUX0 (Hardware)A.1, (Driver)1.0, (Cpld)3.4 [SLOT 0] ETH0 (Hardware)A.1, (Driver)1.0, (Cpld)3.4 [SLOT 0] ETH1 (Hardware)A.1, (Driver)1.0, (Cpld)3.4

1.1.13 header

Syntax

header [ incoming | login | shell ] text

undo header [ incoming | login | shell ]

View

System view

Parameter

incoming: Banner displayed when a user logs onto a terminal user interface.

login: Login banner at authentication.

shell: Banner displayed for entering user view.

text: Content of the banner.

Description

Use the header command to set the banner information to be displayed.

Use the undo header command to clear the banner information.

text uses the first English character to indicate the beginning and end of the banner message. After the end character is input, the system quits automatically. If no keyword, login, shell, or incoming is specified, then, by default the configured banner is for login. You may input the banner message in either of the following ways:


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1) Input all the contents in one line. 256 characters including the command keyword are allowed now.

2) Input the contents in separate lines each ended with a carriage return. 1024 characters are allowed excluding the command keyword.

Example

# Configure the banner to be displayed when a user enters user view.

[3Com] header shell % SHELL : Hello! Welcome use 3Com R1760.% [3Com]

Note: "%" serves as both beginning and end characters of the defined text. The second input of "%" therefore indicates the end of the text and has the system quit the header command.

# Test the configuration.

[3Com] quit quit ********************************************************* * All rights reserved (1997-2003) * * Without the owner's prior written consent, * *no decompiling or reverse-engineering shall be allowed.* ********************************************************* User interface con0 is available Please press ENTER. SHELL : Hello! Welcome use 3Com R1760.

1.1.14 hotkey

Syntax

hotkey [ CTRL_G | CTRL_L | CTRL_O | CTRL_T | CTRL_U ] command_text

undo hotkey [ CTRL_G | CTRL_L | CTRL_O | CTRL_T | CTRL_U ]

View

System view

Parameter

CTRL_G: Assigns the hot key to a command.


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CTRL_L: Assigns the hot key to a command.

CTRL_O: Assigns the hot key to a command.

CTRL_T: Assigns the hot key to a command.

CTRL_U: Assigns the hot key to a command.

command_text: The command line associated with the hot key.

Description

Use the hotkey command to assign a hot key to a command line.

Use the undo hotkey command to restore the default assignment scheme of the system: to display current-configuration, to display ip routing-table, to undo debugging all, and null to other two hot keys.

However, you can customize this scheme.

Example

# Assign the hot key < CTRL_T> to the display tcp status command.

[3Com] hotkey ctrl_t display tcp status [3Com] display hotkey ----------------- HOTKEY ----------------- =Defined hotkeys= Hotkeys Command CTRL_G display current-configuration CTRL_L display ip routing-table CTRL_O undo debug all CTRL_T display tcp status =Undefined hotkeys= Hotkeys Command CTRL_U NULL =System hotkeys= Hotkeys Function CTRL_A Move the cursor to the beginning of the current line. CTRL_B Move the cursor one character left. CTRL_C Stop current command function. CTRL_D Erase current character. CTRL_E Move the cursor to the end of the current line. CTRL_F Move the cursor one character right.


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CTRL_H Erase the character left of the cursor. CTRL_K Kill outgoing connection. CTRL_N Display the next command from the history buffer. CTRL_P Display the previous command from the history buffer. CTRL_R Redisplay the current line. CTRL_V Paste text from the clipboard. CTRL_W Delete the word left of the cursor. CTRL_X Delete all characters up to the cursor. CTRL_Y Delete all characters after the cursor. CTRL_Z Return to the user view. CTRL_] Kill incoming connection or redirect connection. ESC_B Move the cursor one word back. ESC_D Delete remainder of word. ESC_F Move the cursor forward one word. ESC_N Move the cursor down a line. ESC_P Move the cursor up a line. ESC_< Specify the beginning of clipboard. ESC_> Specify the end of clipboard.

1.1.15 language-mode

Syntax

language-mode { chinese | english }

View

User view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the language-mode command to toggle the display language of the command line interface (CLI) between English and Chinese.

The default language is English.

Example

# Toggle the language from English to Chinese.

language-mode chinese Change language mode, confirm? [Y/N]y


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% Switch to Chinese mode.

1.1.16 lock

Syntax

lock

View

User view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the lock command to lock the illegitimate users out of the active user interface, which can be console, AUX, or VTY.

After entering the lock command you are prompted to enter and confirm the screensaver's password. If you enter the same password twice, the interface is locked. To unlock and access the system after that you must press first and enter the password you just set.

Example

# Log in through the console port and lock the active user interface.

lock Password: Again:

1.1.17 quit

Syntax

quit

View

Any view

Parameter

None


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Description

Use the quit command to quit to a lower-level view (if the current view is user view, you exit the system).

The views fall into three levels, in ascending order:

z User view (for user level 0) z System view (for user level 3) z Configuration view (such as routing protocol view, interface view, and VPDN group

view)

Related command: return.

Example

# Switch from Ethernet1/0/0 interface view to system view, and then to user view.

[3Com-Ethernet1/0/0] quit [3Com] quit

1.1.18 return

Syntax

return

View

Any view except for user view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the return command to return to user view from any other view as you would with the hot key .

Related command: quit.

Example

# Return to user view from system view.

[3Com] return


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1.1.19 super

Syntax

super [ level ]

View

User view

Parameter

level: User level ranging from 0 to 3.

Description

Use the super command to switch from current user level to a specified user level, or the command level that the user can access.

There are four levels of commands:

z Visit: involves commands for network diagnosis (such as ping and tracert), and commands for accessing an external device (such as Telnet client, SSH client, RLOGIN). Saving the configuration file is not allowed at this level.

z Monitor: includes the display and debugging commands for system maintenance, service fault diagnosis. Saving the configuration file is not allowed at this level.

z System: provides service configuration commands, including routing and commands at each level of the network for providing services.

z Manage: influences the basic operation of the system and the system support modules for service support. Commands at this level involve file system, FTP, TFTP, Xmodem download and configuration file switch, power control, standby board control, user management, level setting, as well as parameter setting within a system (the last case involves those non-protocol or non RFC provisioned commands).

Login users are also classified into four levels that correspond to the four command levels. After users at different levels log in, they can only use commands at their own or lower levels.

To fence off intrusion of illegitimate users, users are required to provide the correct super password, if one has been configured using the super password command, when they switch from a lower level to a higher level. For privacys sake, the entered password is not displayed on the screen. Users have three chances to provide the correct password. Only after the correct password is entered can they switch to the higher level. Otherwise, the original user level remains unchanged.

Related command: super password.


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Example

super 3 Password: User privilege changes to 3 level, just equal or less this level's commands can be used. Privilege note: 0-VISIT, 1-MONITOR, 2-SYSTEM, 3-MANAGE

1.1.20 super password

Syntax

super password [ level user-level ] { simple | cipher } password

undo super password [ level user-level ]

View

System view

Parameter

user-level: User level in the range 1 to 3.

simple: Plain text password, a string of up to 16 consecutive characters.

cipher: Ciphertext password. You can define it in plain text, or a string of up to 16 consecutive characters. The system will automatically generate the corresponding ciphertext, for example, 7-CZB#/YX]KQ=^Q`MAF4


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1.1.21 sysname

Syntax

sysname sysname

View

System view

Parameter

sysname: Name of the router, a string containing 1 to 30 characters.

Description

Use the sysname command to set the name of the router.

The router name defaults to 3Com.

Modifying the router name affects the prompt of the CLI. For example, if the router's name is 3Com, the prompt of user view is .

Example

# Set the name of the router to R1760.

[3Com] sysname R1760 [R1760]

1.1.22 system-view

Syntax

system-view

View

User view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the system-view command to enter system view from current user view.

Related command: quit, return.


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Example

system-view System View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z. [3Com]

1.1.23 vrbd

Syntax

vrbd

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the vrbd command to view software version details, including product software version and the matched platform software version.

Example

# Display the internal version information.

[Router] vrbd Routing Platform Software Version AR46XX 8040V300R003B01D009 (COMWAREV300R002B11D001), RELEASE SOFTWARE Compiled Sep 13 2004 15:36:51 by sunyu

1.2 Command-Alias Configuration Commands

1.2.1 command-alias enable

Syntax

command-alias enable

undo command-alias enable

View

System view


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Parameter

None

Description

Use the command-alias enable command to enable the command alias function.

Use the undo command-alias enable command to disable the command alias function.

By default, the command alias function is disabled.

Example

# Enable the command alias function.

[3Com] command-alias enable Command alias switch is on!

# Disable the command alias function.

[3Com] undo command-alias enable Command alias switch is off!

1.2.2 command-alias mapping

Syntax

command-alias mapping cmdkey alias

undo command-alias mapping alias

View

System view

Parameter

cmdkey: The first keyword to be substituted in current commands by the alias. You must provide the complete keyword name.

alias: Alias assigned by the user. It must not conflict with the first keyword in any current command.

Description

Use the command-alias mapping command to map an alias to a keyword.

Use the undo command-alias mapping command to cancel the alias setting.

By default, no command alias is configured.


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Example

# Assign the alias show to the keyword display.

[3Com] command-alias mapping display show

# Cancel the configured alias show.

[3Com] undo command-alias mapping show

1.2.3 display command-alias

Syntax

display command-alias

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the display command-alias command to view the current command alias settings.

Example

# Display the current command alias settings.

[3Com] display command-alias index alias commandkey 0 show display

Command Reference Guide System Managementv2.30 Router Software Table of Contents

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Table of Contents

Chapter 1 System Maintenance and Management Commands................................................ 1-1 1.1 Auto-Config Commands .................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1.1 auto-config............................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.2 auto-config enable................................................................................................... 1-3 1.1.3 display auto-config .................................................................................................. 1-4

1.2 Network Test Tool Commands .......................................................................................... 1-4 1.2.1 debugging................................................................................................................ 1-4 1.2.2 display debugging ................................................................................................... 1-5 1.2.3 display diagnostic-information................................................................................. 1-6 1.2.4 ping.......................................................................................................................... 1-8 1.2.5 reboot .................................................................................................................... 1-10 1.2.6 tracert .................................................................................................................... 1-11

1.3 Information Processing Commands................................................................................. 1-13 1.3.1 display channel...................................................................................................... 1-13 1.3.2 display info-center ................................................................................................. 1-14 1.3.3 display logbuffer .................................................................................................... 1-16 1.3.4 display trapbuffer................................................................................................... 1-17 1.3.5 info-center channel................................................................................................ 1-18 1.3.6 info-center console channel .................................................................................. 1-19 1.3.7 info-center enable ................................................................................................. 1-20 1.3.8 info-center logbuffer .............................................................................................. 1-20 1.3.9 info-center loghost................................................................................................. 1-21 1.3.10 info-center loghost source................................................................................... 1-22 1.3.11 info-center monitor channel................................................................................. 1-23 1.3.12 info-center snmp channel.................................................................................... 1-24 1.3.13 info-center source ............................................................................................... 1-25 1.3.14 info-center timestamp.......................................................................................... 1-27 1.3.15 info-center trapbuffer........................................................................................... 1-28 1.3.16 reset logbuffer ..................................................................................................... 1-29 1.3.17 reset trapbuffer .................................................................................................... 1-29 1.3.18 terminal debugging.............................................................................................. 1-30 1.3.19 terminal logging................................................................................................... 1-30 1.3.20 terminal monitor .................................................................................................. 1-31 1.3.21 terminal trapping ................................................................................................. 1-32

1.4 System Operating Management Commands Router 6000 Series ............................. 1-32


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1.4.1 display alarm urgent.............................................................................................. 1-32 1.4.2 display environment .............................................................................................. 1-33 1.4.3 display device........................................................................................................ 1-34 1.4.4 display schedule reboot ........................................................................................ 1-34 1.4.5 remove slot............................................................................................................ 1-35 1.4.6 reset alarm urgent ................................................................................................. 1-36 1.4.7 schedule reboot at................................................................................................. 1-36 1.4.8 schedule reboot delay ........................................................................................... 1-37 1.4.9 upgrade ................................................................................................................. 1-38 1.4.10 undo schedule reboot.......................................................................................... 1-39

Chapter 2 HWPing Commands .................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 HWPing Client Commands ................................................................................................ 2-1

2.1.1 count........................................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.2 datafill ...................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.3 datasize ................................................................................................................... 2-2 2.1.4 description ............................................................................................................... 2-3 2.1.5 destination-ip ........................................................................................................... 2-3 2.1.6 destination-port........................................................................................................ 2-4 2.1.7 display hwping......................................................................................................... 2-5 2.1.8 filename................................................................................................................... 2-7 2.1.9 frequency................................................................................................................. 2-8 2.1.10 ftp-operation .......................................................................................................... 2-8 2.1.11 history-records....................................................................................................... 2-9 2.1.12 http-operation ...................................................................................................... 2-10 2.1.13 http-string ............................................................................................................ 2-11 2.1.14 hwping ................................................................................................................. 2-11 2.1.15 hwping-agent enable........................................................................................... 2-12 2.1.16 hwping-agent max-requests................................................................................ 2-13 2.1.17 jitter-interval......................................................................................................... 2-13 2.1.18 jitter-packetnum................................................................................................... 2-14 2.1.19 password ............................................................................................................. 2-15 2.1.20 probe-failtimes..................................................................................................... 2-16 2.1.21 send-trap ............................................................................................................. 2-16 2.1.22 sendpacket passroute ......................................................................................... 2-17 2.1.23 source-interface .................................................................................................. 2-18 2.1.24 source-ip.............................................................................................................. 2-18 2.1.25 source-port .......................................................................................................... 2-19 2.1.26 test-type............................................................................................................... 2-19 2.1.27 test-enable........................................................................................................... 2-20


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2.1.28 test-failtimes ........................................................................................................ 2-21 2.1.29 timeout................................................................................................................. 2-22 2.1.30 tos........................................................................................................................ 2-22 2.1.31 ttl.......................................................................................................................... 2-23 2.1.32 username ............................................................................................................ 2-24 2.1.33 vpninstance ......................................................................................................... 2-24

2.2 HWPing Server Commands............................................................................................. 2-25 2.2.1 hwping-server enable............................................................................................ 2-25 2.2.2 hwping-server tcpconnect ..................................................................................... 2-26 2.2.3 hwping-server udpecho......................................................................................... 2-26

Chapter 3 File Management Commands..................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 File System Commands..................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.1 bootfile dir................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1.2 bootfile main ............................................................................................................ 3-2 3.1.3 bootfile backup ........................................................................................................ 3-3 3.1.4 cd............................................................................................................................. 3-4 3.1.5 copy......................................................................................................................... 3-4 3.1.6 delete....................................................................................................................... 3-5 3.1.7 dir ............................................................................................................................ 3-7 3.1.8 execute.................................................................................................................... 3-8 3.1.9 file prompt................................................................................................................ 3-9 3.1.10 format .................................................................................................................... 3-9 3.1.11 mkdir.................................................................................................................... 3-10 3.1.12 more .................................................................................................................... 3-11 3.1.13 move.................................................................................................................... 3-11 3.1.14 pwd...................................................................................................................... 3-13 3.1.15 rename ................................................................................................................ 3-13 3.1.16 reset recycle-bin.................................................................................................. 3-14 3.1.17 rmdir .................................................................................................................... 3-15 3.1.18 undelete............................................................................................................... 3-16

3.2 FTP Server Configuration Commands............................................................................. 3-17 3.2.1 display ftp-server................................................................................................... 3-17 3.2.2 display ftp-user ...................................................................................................... 3-18 3.2.3 ftp server enable.................................................................................................... 3-18 3.2.4 ftp timeout.............................................................................................................. 3-19 3.2.5 ftp update .............................................................................................................. 3-19

3.3 FTP Client Commands .................................................................................................... 3-20 3.3.1 ascii ....................................................................................................................... 3-20 3.3.2 binary..................................................................................................................... 3-21


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3.3.3 bye......................................................................................................................... 3-21 3.3.4 cd........................................................................................................................... 3-22 3.3.5 cdup....................................................................................................................... 3-22 3.3.6 close ...................................................................................................................... 3-23 3.3.7 debugging.............................................................................................................. 3-23 3.3.8 delete..................................................................................................................... 3-24 3.3.9 dir .......................................................................................................................... 3-24 3.3.10 disconnect ........................................................................................................... 3-25 3.3.11 ftp ........................................................................................................................ 3-26 3.3.12 get ....................................................................................................................... 3-26 3.3.13 lcd........................................................................................................................ 3-27 3.3.14 ls.......................................................................................................................... 3-27 3.3.15 mkdir.................................................................................................................... 3-28 3.3.16 open .................................................................................................................... 3-28 3.3.17 passive ................................................................................................................ 3-29 3.3.18 put ....................................................................................................................... 3-29 3.3.19 pwd...................................................................................................................... 3-30 3.3.20 quit....................................................................................................................... 3-30 3.3.21 remotehelp .......................................................................................................... 3-31 3.3.22 rmdir .................................................................................................................... 3-31 3.3.23 user ..................................................................................................................... 3-32 3.3.24 verbose................................................................................................................ 3-32

3.4 TFTP Configuration Commands...................................................................................... 3-33 3.4.1 tftp ......................................................................................................................... 3-33 3.4.2 tftp-server acl......................................................................................................... 3-34

3.5 Configuration File Management Commands ................................................................... 3-35 3.5.1 display current-configuration ................................................................................. 3-35 3.5.2 display saved-configuration................................................................................... 3-37 3.5.3 display startup ....................................................................................................... 3-38 3.5.4 display this............................................................................................................. 3-38 3.5.5 reset saved-configuration...................................................................................... 3-39 3.5.6 save....................................................................................................................... 3-40 3.5.7 startup saved-configuration................................................................................... 3-40 3.5.8 upgrade ................................................................................................................. 3-42

Chapter 4 User Interface Configuration Commands ................................................................. 4-1 4.1.1 acl............................................................................................................................ 4-1 4.1.2 authentication-mode................................................................................................ 4-1 4.1.3 auto-execute command........................................................................................... 4-2 4.1.4 databits.................................................................................................................... 4-3


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4.1.5 debugging vty .......................................................................................................... 4-4 4.1.6 display user-interface .............................................................................................. 4-5 4.1.7 display users ........................................................................................................... 4-6 4.1.8 flow-control .............................................................................................................. 4-7 4.1.9 free user-interface ................................................................................................... 4-8 4.1.10 history-command max-size ................................................................................... 4-8 4.1.11 idle-timeout............................................................................................................ 4-9 4.1.12 modem ................................................................................................................ 4-10 4.1.13 modem auto-answer ........................................................................................... 4-10 4.1.14 modem timer answer........................................................................................... 4-11 4.1.15 parity.................................................................................................................... 4-12 4.1.16 protocol inbound.................................................................................................. 4-12 4.1.17 screen-length....................................................................................................... 4-13 4.1.18 send..................................................................................................................... 4-14 4.1.19 set authentication password................................................................................ 4-15 4.1.20 shell ..................................................................................................................... 4-16 4.1.21 speed................................................................................................................... 4-17 4.1.22 stopbits ................................................................................................................ 4-18 4.1.23 user privilege....................................................................................................... 4-18 4.1.24 user-interface ...................................................................................................... 4-19

Chapter 5 NTP Configuration Commands .................................................................................. 5-1 5.1.1 debugging ntp-service............................................................................................. 5-1 5.1.2 display ntp-service sessions ................................................................................... 5-2 5.1.3 display ntp-service status........................................................................................ 5-2 5.1.4 display ntp-service trace ......................................................................................... 5-4 5.1.5 ntp-service access .................................................................................................. 5-4 5.1.6 ntp-service authentication enable ........................................................................... 5-5 5.1.7 ntp-service authentication-keyid.............................................................................. 5-6 5.1.8 ntp-service broadcast-client .................................................................................... 5-7 5.1.9 ntp-service broadcast-server................................................................................... 5-7 5.1.10 ntp-service max-dynamic-sessions....................................................................... 5-8 5.1.11 ntp-service multicast-client.................................................................................... 5-9 5.1.12 ntp-service multicast-server ................................................................................ 5-10 5.1.13 ntp-service refclock-master ................................................................................. 5-11 5.1.14 ntp-service reliable authentication-keyid............................................................. 5-12 5.1.15 ntp-service source-interface................................................................................ 5-12 5.1.16 ntp-service unicast-peer...................................................................................... 5-13 5.1.17 ntp-service unicast-server ................................................................................... 5-14


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Chapter 6 SNMP Configuration Commands ............................................................................... 6-1 6.1.1 debugging snmp-agent ........................................................................................... 6-1 6.1.2 display snmp-agent ................................................................................................. 6-1 6.1.3 display snmp-agent community............................................................................... 6-2 6.1.4 display snmp-agent group....................................................................................... 6-3 6.1.5 display snmp-agent mib-view.................................................................................. 6-4 6.1.6 display snmp-agent statistics .................................................................................. 6-5 6.1.7 display snmp-agent sys-info.................................................................................... 6-6 6.1.8 display snmp-agent usm-user ................................................................................. 6-7 6.1.9 snmp-agent ............................................................................................................. 6-8 6.1.10 snmp-agent community......................................................................................... 6-9 6.1.11 snmp-agent group ............................................................................................... 6-10 6.1.12 snmp-agent local-engineid .................................................................................. 6-11 6.1.13 snmp-agent mib-view .......................................................................................... 6-12 6.1.14 snmp-agent packet max-size .............................................................................. 6-12 6.1.15 snmp-agent sys-info............................................................................................ 6-13 6.1.16 snmp-agent target-host ....................................................................................... 6-14 6.1.17 snmp-agent trap enable ...................................................................................... 6-15 6.1.18 snmp-agent trap life ............................................................................................ 6-16 6.1.19 snmp-agent trap queue-size ............................................................................... 6-17 6.1.20 snmp-agent trap source ...................................................................................... 6-18 6.1.21 snmp-agent usm-user ......................................................................................... 6-18

Chapter 7 RMON Configuration Commands .............................................................................. 7-1 7.1 RMON Configuration Commands...................................................................................... 7-1

7.1.1 display rmon alarm.................................................................................................. 7-1 7.1.2 display rmon event .................................................................................................. 7-2 7.1.3 display rmon eventlog ............................................................................................. 7-3 7.1.4 display rmon history ................................................................................................ 7-4 7.1.5 display rmon prialarm.............................................................................................. 7-5 7.1.6 display rmon statistics ............................................................................................. 7-7 7.1.7 rmon alarm .............................................................................................................. 7-8 7.1.8 rmon event .............................................................................................................. 7-9 7.1.9 rmon history........................................................................................................... 7-10 7.1.10 rmon prialarm ...................................................................................................... 7-10 7.1.11 rmon statistics ..................................................................................................... 7-12

Chapter 8 Terminal Service Commands ..................................................................................... 8-1 8.1 Telnet and Telnet Redirect ................................................................................................ 8-1

8.1.1 debugging telnet...................................................................................................... 8-1 8.1.2 display tcp status..................................................................................................... 8-1


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8.1.3 redirect enable......................................................................................................... 8-2 8.1.4 redirect listen-port ................................................................................................... 8-3 8.1.5 redirect timeout........................................................................................................ 8-3 8.1.6 redirect return-deal from-telnet................................................................................ 8-4 8.1.7 redirect return-deal from-terminal............................................................................ 8-5 8.1.8 redirect refuse-negotiation ...................................................................................... 8-5 8.1.9 redirect disconnect .................................................................................................. 8-6 8.1.10 telnet...................................................................................................................... 8-7 8.1.11 telnet source-interface........................................................................................... 8-7 8.1.12 telnet source-ip...................................................................................................... 8-8

8.2 SSH Configuration Commands.......................................................................................... 8-9 8.2.1 debugging ssh server.............................................................................................. 8-9 8.2.2 display rsa local-key-pair public ............................................................................ 8-10 8.2.3 display rsa peer-public-key ................................................................................... 8-11 8.2.4 display ssh server ................................................................................................. 8-12 8.2.5 display ssh user-information ................................................................................. 8-13 8.2.6 peer-public-key end............................................................................................... 8-13 8.2.7 public-key-code begin ........................................................................................... 8-14 8.2.8 public-key-code end .............................................................................................. 8-15 8.2.9 rsa local-key-pair create........................................................................................ 8-15 8.2.10 rsa local-key-pair destroy .................................................................................... 8-17 8.2.11 rsa peer-public-key.............................................................................................. 8-17 8.2.12 ssh server authentication-retries......................................................................... 8-18 8.2.13 ssh server rekey-interval ..................................................................................... 8-19 8.2.14 ssh server timeout............................................................................................... 8-19 8.2.15 ssh user assign ................................................................................................... 8-20 8.2.16 ssh user authentication-type ............................................................................... 8-21

8.3 RSH Commands.............................................................................................................. 8-21 8.3.1 rsh ......................................................................................................................... 8-21 8.3.2 debugging rsh........................................................................................................ 8-23

8.4 Rlogin Configuration Commands..................................................................................... 8-24 8.4.1 debugging rlogin.................................................................................................... 8-24 8.4.2 rlogin...................................................................................................................... 8-25

Command Reference Guide System Management v2.30 Router Software

Chapter 1 System Maintenance and Management Commands

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1.1 Auto-Config Commands

1.1.1 auto-config

Syntax

auto-config

View

System view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the auto-config command to implement the auto-config operation.

Enabling auto-config is equivalent to executing commands in batch.

Caution:

The auto-config command is usually used at initial boot to execute commands in batch. As this changes the current configurations and no undo form is available, you must take caution when using it on a network where configurations have been completed. Although the auto-config function is available with config.def, the default configuration file, you cannot save the configuration of the auto-config command.

The auto-config command runs these commands:

1) Enabling FTP and configuring the VTY (Telnet) and TTY (through AM interface) users to adopt local authentication

ftp server enable



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user-interface vty 0 4

authentication-mode scheme

user-interface tty user-interface-number

modem call-in

authentication-mode scheme

2) Configuring the default user name and password, enabling Telnet, FTP, and terminal services for the default user

local-user admin password cipher admin

level 3

service-type ftp

service-type terminal telnet

By default, the user name and password are both admin.

3) Detecting all the controller interfaces, including E1/T1/E3/T3 interfaces, setting their operating status to non-channelized, generating the corresponding serial interfaces. On the T1 interface, use the channel-set command to bundle all the timeslots into one serial interface.

using e1

using e3

using t3

channel-set 0 timeslot-list 1-24

4) Detecting all the serial interfaces (including the logical interfaces generated by the controller interface), encapsulating the interfaces with PPP, using PPP negotiation to get IP addresses, and setting the interface state to UP.

link-protocol ppp

ip address ppp-negotiate

undo shutdown

5) Detecting all the Ethernet interfaces, enabling the dhcp client function, and setting the interface state to UP.

ip address dhcp-alloc

undo shutdown

6) Detecting all the AM interfaces, setting the operating mode to flow, configuring modem coding format (setting CountryCode to UK if there is an E1/E3 module and if otherwise to US), and setting the interface state to UP.



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async mode flow

country-code { united-kingdom | united-states }

undo shutdown

Related command: auto-config enable.

Example

# Start the auto-config operation.

[3Com] auto-config

1.1.2 auto-config enable

Syntax

auto-config enable

undo auto-config

View

System view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the auto-config enable command to enable auto-config.

Use the undo auto-config command to disable auto-config.

By default, auto-config is enabled.

Use the display auto-config command to check if auto-config is enabled.

Related command: display auto-config.

Example

# Enable auto-config.

[3Com] auto-config enable

# Disable auto-config.

[3Com] undo auto-config



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1.1.3 display auto-config

Syntax

display auto-config

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the display auto-config command to view the status of auto-config.

Example

# Display the status of auto-config.

display auto-config auto-config enable display auto-config auto-config disable

1.2 Network Test Tool Commands

1.2.1 debugging

Syntax

debugging { all [ timeout minutes ] | module-name [ debug-option1 ] [ debug-option2 ] }

undo debugging { all | module-name [ debug-option1 ] [ debug-option2 ] }

View

User view

Parameter

all: Enables or disables all debugging switches.

timeout minutes: The duration that the debugging all command takes effect. It is in the range 1 to 1440 minutes.

module-name: Module name.



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debug-option: Debugging option.

Description

Use the debugging command to enable system debugging.

Use the undo debugging command to disable system debugging.

By default, the system disables all debugging switches.

The router provides rich debugging functions for troubleshooting networks.

Enabling debugging generates a large amount of debugging information resulting in decreased efficiency, especially when the debugging all command is executed. The aftermath of doing so is a system crash. For these reasons, you are not encouraged to use the debugging all command. However, the undo debugging all command is helpful when you want to disable all debugging switches at one time.

Related command: display debugging.

Example

# Enable IP packet debugging.

debugging ip packet IP packet debugging switch is on.

1.2.2 display debugging

Syntax

display debugging [ interface interface-type interface-number] [ module-name ]

View

Any view

Parameter

module-name: Module name.

interface-type: Interface type.

interface-number: Interface number.

Description

Use the display debugging command to view the enabled debugging switches.

By default, no parameters are defined and all the enabled debugging switches are displayed.



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Related command: debugging.

Example

# Display all the enabled debugging switches.

display debugging IP packet debugging switch is on.

1.2.3 display diagnostic-information

Syntax

display diagnostic-information

View

Any view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the display diagnostic-information command to view the operating information about the active modules in the system.

When fault occurs to the system, you need to collect lots of information in order to address the issue. It is rather difficult, however, for you to collect all the information at one time as this involves many display commands. To do this you can use the display diagnostic-information command.

Example

# Display the technical support information.

display diagnostic-information display diagnostic-information ================================================= ===============display clock=============== ================================================= 14:04:23 UTC Thu 09/16/2004 =================================================== ===============display version==== ===================================================



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========================== ===============vrbd=============== ======================================== ================================================== ===============display device=============== ================================================== ================================================================= ===============display current-configuration=============== ================================================================= =============================================================== ===============display saved-configuration===== =============================================================== ===================================================== ===============display interface=============== ===================================================== ====================================================== ===============display controller=============== ====================================================== ======================================================== ===============display ip interface=============== ======================================================== ========================================================= ===============display ip statistics=============== =========================================================



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======================================================== ===============display exception 20=============== ======================================================== =============================================================== ===============display exception 3 verbose=============== =============================================================== ===================================================== ===============display logbuffer=============== ===================================================== ======================================================== ===============_display history all=============== ========================================================

The contents are omitted.

1.2.4 ping

Syntax

ping [ -a X.X.X.X | -c count | -d | -f | -h ttl_value | -i { interface-type interface-number } | ip | -n | -p pattern | -q | -r | -s packetsize | -t timeout | tos | -v | vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] * host

View

Any view

Parameter

-a X.X.X.X: Sets the source IP address in the ICMP ECHO-REQUEST packets.

-c count: Number of ICMP ECHO-REQUEST transmissions, in the range 1 to 4294967295.

-d: Sets socket to debug mode.



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-f: Discards the packets larger than the interface MTU without fragmentation.

-h ttl_value: Sets TTL value in the range 1 to 255.

-i: Sets the interface for sending ICMP ECHO-REQUEST packets.

interface-type: Interface type.

interface-number: Interface number.

-n: Directly uses the host parameter as IP address without domain name resolution.

-p pattern: The byte for padding ICMP ECHO-REQUEST packets. It is in hexadecimal format and in the range 0 to FFFFFFFF. For example, if the parameter is set to -p ff, the entire packet is padded by ff.

-q: Displays statistic figures rather than details.

-r: Records routes.

-s packetsize: Size of ECHO-REQUEST packets (excluding IP and ICMP headers), in the range 20 to 8100 bytes. The packets larger than the interface MTU are sent after fragmented.

-t timeout: Time to wait for ECHO-RESPONSE, in the range 0 to 65535 milliseconds.

tos: TOS value in ECHO-REQUEST packets.

-v: Displays the received ICMP packets other than ECHO-RESPONSE packets.

vpn-instance vpn-instance-name: Sets the vpn-instance name of MPLS VPN, specifying the VPN attribute configured in this ping command, that is, name of the associated vpn-instance created locally.

host: Name or IP address of the destination host.

ip: Adopts the IP protocol.

Description

Use the ping command to test connectivity of an IP network and reachability of a host.

The following are the default settings applied when none of the parameters are specified:

An ECHO-REQUEST packet is sent five times at most.

Socket is in non-debug mode.

Host is regarded as an IP address. If it is not, domain name resolution is performed.

Padding begins at 0x01 and increments until 0x09 and then repeats.

All information including statistics is displayed.

Routes are not recorded.

The length of ECHO-REQUEST packets is 56 bytes.



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The time to wait for an ECHO-RESPONSE packet is 2000 ms.

The ICMP packets other than ECHO-RESPONSE packets are not displayed.

The parameter vpn-instance is not defined.

The following is the process of executing the ping command:

A host sends an ICMP ECHO-REQUEST. If the connection to the destination network is normal, the destination host will be able to receive the ICMP ECHO-REQUEST and send an ICMP ECHO-REPLY packet back to the source host.

You can use the ping command to test network connectivity or line quality. Its output includes:

z Information on the reply to each ECHO-REQUEST, including data bytes, packet sequence number, TTL, and the roundtrip time. If no reply is received upon timeout, Request time out is displayed.

z The final statistics, including the number of the packets sent and received, packet loss ratio, roundtrip time in its minimum value, mean value, and maximum value.

If network transmission is slow you can appropriately extend the time to wait for reply.

For related command, see tracert.

Example

# Check reachability of the host at 202.38.160.244.

ping 202.38.160.244 ping 202.38.160.244 : 56 data bytes , press CTRL-C to break Reply from 202.38.160.244 : bytes=56 sequence=1 ttl=255 time = 1ms Reply from 202.38.160.244 : bytes=56 sequence=2 ttl=255 time = 2ms Reply from 202.38.160.244 : bytes=56 sequence=3 ttl=255 time = 1ms Reply from 202.38.160.244 : bytes=56 sequence=4 ttl=255 time = 3ms Reply from 202.38.160.244 : bytes=56 sequence=5 ttl=255 time = 2ms --202.38.160.244 ping statistics-- 5 packets transmitted 5 packets received 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/3 ms

1.2.5 reboot

Syntax

reboot



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View

User view

Parameter

None

Description

Use the reboot command to have the router reboot.

Executing this command is equal to powering up the router after a power-down, except that you do not have to go to the site where the router is located.

Executing this command may halt network operation transiently; use it with caution. In addition, save the configuration file before rebooting the router, because the configurations you just made will not survive a reboot.

Example

# Reboot the device.

reboot This command will reboot the system. The current configuration has not been saved and will be lost if you continue. Continue? [Y/N]

1.2.6 tracert

Syntax

tracert [ -a X.X.X.X | -f first_TTL | -m max_TTL | -p port | -q nqueries | vpn-instance vpn-instance-name | -w timeout ] * host

View

Any view

Parameter

-a X.X.X.X: Specifies the source IP address in this trace. It is in the format of X.X.X.X and must be the address of a local interface.

-f first_TTL: Tests the correctness of the f switch. first_TTL specifies an initial TTL in the range 0 to maximum TTL.

-m max_TTL: Tests the correctness of the m switch. max_TTL specifies a maximum TTL, which can be any TTL larger than the initial TTL.



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-p port: Tests the correctness of the p switch. port is an integer specifying a port on the destination host. Normally, you need not to change this option.

-q nqueries: Tests the correctness of the q switch with nqueries specifying the number of the query packets sent each time. It can be any integer greater than zero.

vpn-instance vpn-instance-name: Sets the vpn-instance name of MPLS VPN, specifying the VPN attribute configured in this tracert command, that is, name of the associated vpn-instance created locally.

-w timeout: Tests the correctness of the -w switch. timeout specifies the timeout time of IP packets. It is in seconds and can be any integer larger than zero.

host: IP address of the destination host.

Description

Use the tracert command to trace the gateways by which a packet passes from source to destination for network connectivity test and fault location.

The following are the default settings that apply when none of the parameters are specified:

The parameters -a and vpn-instance are not specified.

first_TTL is 1.

max_TTL is 30.

port is 33434.

nqueries is 3.

timeout is 5 seconds.

The following is how a tracert operates:

1) Tracert sends a packet with TTL value of 1. 2) The fist hop sends back an ICMP TTL Expired message. 3) Tracert resends the packet with TTL value of 2. 4) The second hop sends back an ICMP TTL Expired message when the packet arrives.

This process continues until the packet reaches its destination. By doing this, the source station obtains the source address in every returned ICMP TTL Expired message to draw the path for the IP packet to reach its destination.

After detecting a fault with the ping command you can use the tracert command to locate the problem.

The output of the command tracert includes IP addresses of all the gateways along the path to the destination. If a gateway times out, asterisks (***) are output.



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Example

tracert 18.26.0.115 tracert to allspice.lcs.mit.edu (18.26.0.115), 30 hops max 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 19 ms 19 ms 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 19 ms 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 19 ms 39 ms 39 ms 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 20 ms 39 ms 39 ms 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 59 ms 119 ms 39 ms 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 39 ms 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 80 ms 79 ms 99 ms 9 129.140.71.

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