3D Laser Scanner
16 cm
Next EngineTM, USA
Bulk Volume/Density
• Irregularly shaped (cm-sized) samples
• Regularly shaped samples
Example: Ghanizadeh et al. 2018; Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 66 (2), 1–27.
Portable (Rebound) Hardness Tool
Proceq SA®, Switzerland
14 cm
Equotip Piccolo 2
Microhardness
• Slabbed cores
• Core plugs
Examples: Ghanizadeh et al. 2015; Fuel, 153, 664–681. URTeC Paper 2670893.
Handheld X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)
Olympus®, USA
25 cm 50 cm
Delta PremiumTM
Elemental Composition
• Slabbed cores
• Core plugs
• Drill cuttings
• Crushed-rock material
Example: Ghanizadeh et al. 2017; URTeC Paper 2670893.
CoreLab®, USA
Shale Matrix Permeameter (SMP-200TM)
Crushed-Rock Gas Permeability (GRI)
• Crushed-rock materia (˃20 g)
Examples: Ghanizadeh et al. 2015a,b; (a): Fuel, 140, 371–387; (b): Fuel, 153, 664–681.
CoreLab®, USA
Pressure Decay Profile Permeameter (PDPK-400TM)
Profile (Probe) Permeability
• Slabbed cores
• Core plugs
Examples: Ghanizadeh et al., 2015a,b; (a): Fuel, 140, 371–387; (b): Fuel, 153, 664–681.
CoreLab®, USA
PDP-250 – with sonic velocity component
Pulse-Decay Permeameter (PDP-250TM)
Pulse-Decay Permeability
• Core plugs
under in-situ stress condition
Ultrasonic Properties (Vp, Vs)
• Core plugs
dynamic rock mechanical parameters
under in-situ stress condition
Example: Riazi et al. 2017; Fuel, 196, 442–457.
Single-Phase Liquid Flow
• liquid permeability
kabs(oil, brine, water)
Two-Phase Liquid/Gas Flow
• gas breakthrough
pc(entry, breakthrough)
Pc(snap-off)
keff(gas) as function of pc
krel(gas) as function of pc
Deff
Liquid/Relative Permeameter – Core Flooding
Designed/Assembled In-House Core-Flooding/Huff-n-Puff
Examples: Ghanizadeh et al. 2018; URTeC Paper 2902898.
Unpropped/Propped Fracture Permeability/Conductivity
Unpropped/Propped Fracture Ultrasonic Properties
Designed/Assembled In-House
Examples: Ghanizadeh et al. 2016; URTeC Paper 2459818.
Low-Pressure Gas Adsorption Device (3FlexTM)
Micromeritics®, USA
Prediciton of High-Pressure Gas Adsorption Isotherms
Rate of Adsorption (ROA)
• Drill cuttings & crushed-rock material (˂2g)
• Gas permeability/diffusivity
pore sizes (0.3-110 nm)
Low-Pressure Gas Isotherms
• Drill cuttings & crushed-rock material (˂2g)
• Pore network characterization
pore size distribution
pore volume
surface area
pore sizes (0.3-110 nm)
Examples: Haghshenas/Clarkson et al 2016; JNGSE, 32, 574–596.
Gas Pycnometer (AccuPyc II 1340)
Micromeritics®, USA
Grain Volume/Density
• Irregularly-shaped samples
• Regularly-shaped samples
Helium Porosity
Combined with bulk density
Example: Ghanizadeh et al. 2018; Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 66 (2), 1–27.
Mettler Toledo®, USA
Electro Conductometer
Conductivity
Salinity
Resistivity
Total Dissolved Solids
Vinci Technologies®
Spontaneous Imbibition/Recovery
Controlled-Atmosphere Furnace (programmable)
Thermal Pyrolysis
• Inert atmosphere (N2)
• Flexible thermal receipe
Routine/Modified Rock-Eval procedure
Across International®, USA Example: Ghanizadeh et al. 2018; SPE Paper 189787.
Research Group Summary Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
FEI QuantaTM 250 FEG, USA
Evaporation/Condensation
• micro-scale contact angle
• deionized water
Cryo-SEM
• micro-scale contact angle
• in-situ/induced fluid distribution
Micro-Injection
• micro-scale contact angle
• formation fluids
• hydraulic fracturing fluid
Examples: Deglint et al. 2017; Scientific Reports, 7, 4347).
