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Disasters andDevelopment.

Linking

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The Relationship Between

Disaster and Development

Disasters canDisasters can

set backset back

developmentdevelopment

- +

Development Realm

Disaster Realm

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How do Disastersset backHow do Disastersset backdevelopment ?development ?

LossofResources

Diversionofmanpower and resources to relief, rehabilitation

and reconstruction.

Disruption to the economic growth

Postponement or cancellationofdevelopment programs

Negative Impact on Investment Climate

Disruptionindifferent Sectors

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Disaster affect every

sector of our

economy

Agriculture

Health

Education

Housing

Infrastructure

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Disaster Impact oninfrastructure

Disaster damages the :

Roads, bridges & rail network . Ships and harbour.

Electric systems

Transmission substationsDistribution circuits

Power Generation plants

Communication systems, stations or transmitters

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Disaster Impact onHousing

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Disasterimpact on

Agriculture

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Disaster Impact on Education

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Impact ofthe disasteron the developmentImpact ofthe disasteron the development

can continue for yearscan continue for years

Time,months

Damage

IndirectDamage

5 yrs

Full

Reconstruction

and Economic

Recovery

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The relationship between

disaster anddevelopment

- +

Development Realm

Disaster Realm

Disasters canprovidedevelopmentopportunities

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Disaster resilient housing and provision of escape

routes in Nagapattinam after Tsunami.Houses in Gujarat after 2001

earthquake

Mainstreaming DRR into

HousingBuild Back Better

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The Relationship BetweenDisaster and Development

DevelopmentDevelopment

canincreasecanincrease

vulnerabilityvulnerability- +

Development Realm

Disaster Realm

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Development canincrease

vulnerability

Unsafe constructioninhazardous location

Failure ofdams can

increase flood risk

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Year Death of

Person

s

Total Financial

Loss*

(US $

000)

Degraded Land

Area (ha)

1984 363 2,050 1,240

1988 328 341,223 -

1989 680 90,760 -

1990 307 1,502 1,130

1991 93 494 280

1992 71 252 140

1993 1336 99,110 5,580

1994 49 1,192 390

1995 - 41,870

1996 258 208,787 7,793

1997 78 1,649 -

1998 273 28,854 -

Source: MOHA (1999) ; DPTC (1997)

* Includes loss of livestock, agricultural land, houses, roads, etc.

Agriculture/Environment Disasterin Nepal

Forest Degradation : forest cover from 38 % in 1978/79 to 29

% in 1994.

Development work like road construction in mountain has

added to disasters like floods, landslides and soil erosion.

Soil erosion has lead to depletion of organic matter.

Declined soil productivity has lead to stagnancy in crop

production.

Nepal, which was once a rice exported is now a rice importer.

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The relationship between

disaster anddevelopment

-

+

Development Realm

Disaster Realm

Developmentcan reduce

vulnerability

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Structural measures

Earthquake or cyclone resistant buildings and houses

Flood control measures

Critical Facilities such as health centers, schools and governmentfacilities are made stronger

Land use planning

Agricultural and forestry programs

Watershed Program(Reduce erosion, landslide, flash flooding,

change of cropping patterns reduce effects of droughts )

Improvements in transportation and communications can facilitate

evacuation and disaster relief accessibility

Public awareness programs can help people and communities know

what to do to protect themselves

How can Development reducevulnerability ?

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More resourcesdirected towards

community

development &

poverty reduction

SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT

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The Relationship BetweenDisaster and Development

- +

Development Realm

Disaster Realm

Disasters can

provide developmentopportunities

Development can

reduce vulnerability

Disasters can setback development

Development can

increase

vulnerability

Source: R.S.Stephenson, Ph.D.

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THANK YOU

Anisha Modi

Assistant Professor

Centerfor Disaster Management , OTS

anisha12345@gmail.com

9352236053