3G Network ConvergenceThe Road to a unified mobile network

Dr. Stanley ChiaDirector, Strategic Technologies, Group R&D-US

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Contents

The OHG Harmonisation Effort and the Global 3G System Proposal MWIF Continued to Drive Network ConvergenceThe Toronto All-IP Harmonization MeetingPutting Words into Actions

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Regional3G Technology

Selection

IMT2000Submissions /OHG Formed

Strong Growth in Mobile Industry

1997 20021998 20001999 2001

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CDMA-2000CDMA-2000

WCDMAWCDMA

WCDMAWCDMAEDGEEDGETD-

SCDMATD-

SCDMA WCDMAWCDMACDMA-2000CDMA-2000

WCDMAWCDMA

Ten IMT-2000 Terrestrial 3G System Proposals …

EuropeUSAJapan

KoreaChina

DECTDECT

WIMSWIMS

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FragmentedStandards

Unnecessary costs to industryUncertainty by application developersComplexity to consumers

Two to Three Major StandardsSame problem as fragmentationMaximum industry growth not realisedContinuation of “Standards Wars”

Unification ofStandards

Eliminates unnecessary industry costsStimulates value-added servicesMeets the needs of customers

Unified standards are good for consumers, operators & manufacturers

… Giving Rise to Multiple 3G Scenarios

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A Common Chip RateUniform Pilot Structures

Asynchronous & Synchronous

WCDMACDMA2000

Two Uncompromisable Factions …

Synchronous

Common Pilot withCode Division Multiplexing

Chip Rate: 3.6864 Mcps

Asynchronous

Dedicated Pilot withTime Division Multiplexing

Chip Rate: 4.096 Mcps

IMT-2000

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FDDDS

FDDMC TDD

EvolvedGSM MAP

EvolvedANSI-41

Networkto NetworkInterface

Radio Access“Family of 3GCDMA Modes”

Core Network“Family of 3G

Systems”

Core Network“3G Inter-Family

Roaming”

… Unwillingly Agreed to a Global Harmonization Framework …

MC = MulticarrierDS = Direct SpreadNNI = Network Node InterfaceF/TDD = Frequency/Time Division Duplex

Flexible connection between Modes andCore Networks based on operator needs

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… Which Led to the Historical OHG Agreement

tbdSynchronousas CDMA2000

Asynchronous/Synchronous

IMT-2000

TDD

tbd

tbd

3.84 Mcps

FDDMulti-carrier

CDM

CDM

3.6864 Mcps

FDDDirect Spread

TDM

CDM

3.84 Mcps

Synchronization

Dedicated Pilot

Common Pilot

Chip Rate

FDD = Frequency Division DuplexTDD = Time Division DuplexCDM = Code Division MultiplexingTDM = Time Division Multiplexing

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Regional3G Technology

Selection

IMT2000Submissions /OHG Formed

OHGAgreement

Strong Growth in Mobile Industry

1997 20021998 20001999 2001

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ANSI-41based

Core Network

GSM-MAPbased

Core Network

MC-Mode AccessNetwork

MC-Mode AccessNetwork

DS-ModeAccessNetwork

DS-ModeAccessNetwork

To ANSI-41CN via CDMA2000 stack

To GSM-MAP CN via WCDMA stack

To ANSI-41 CN via CDMA2000 L3 & WCDMA stack

To GSM-MAP CN via WCDMA L3 & CDMA2000 stack

But The Core Network Remained More Problematic …

Network to Network Interface

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L3 (WCDMA)

L3(CDMA2000)

Hooks

Hooks

Hooks

Extension

Extension

Extension

L3 (WCDMA)

GSM MAP

L3 RRC (WCDMA)

L2 (WCDMA)

L1 (WCDMA)

ANSI-41

L3 (WCDMA)

L3(WCDMA)

Hooks

Hooks

Hooks

Extension

Extension

Extension

L3 (CDMA2000)

ANSI-41

L3 RRC (cdma2000)

L2 (cdma2000)

L1 (cdma2000)

GSM MAP

Additional functionalitieswhich needed to be specified to meet

requirements when hooks are in place

Functionalities specifiedin the initial release of

the standards for futureextensions without major

protocol change

… And the Answer is to Use Hooks and Extensions

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2G to 3GInteroperation

Direct-SpreadMode

CommonPilot

Multi-carrierMode

TDDMode

Chip rate = 3.84 McpsAsynchronousCDM Common PilotTDM Dedicate Pilot

Chip rate = 3.6864 McpsSynchronousCDM Common PilotCDM Dedicated Pilot

Chip rate = 3.84 / 1.36 Mcps

Other parameters tbd

Hooks and extensionto be defined to ensure

handoff / roaming

The “Global 3G System” Ideal … Had No Real Industry Interests

WCDMA, EDGEcdmaOne

cdmaOneCDMA2000 1X

GSM MAP /ANSI-41

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Regional3G Technology

Selection

IMT2000Submissions /OHG Formed

MWIFFormed

OHGAgreement

Strong Growth in Mobile Industry

Peak of the Internet Boom

1997 20021998 20001999 2001

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MWIF Was Formed in 2002 to Drive the Vision of Convergence

• A Mobile Internet Environment With:– Interoperability of services and applications with all radio and other media access

technologiesIncludes legacy wireless and wire line networksCommon radio access protocol

– Standard open interfaces among core network componentsPlug and play installation and configuration

– True customer mobility across all networks– Common service and applications development environment

• Single IP based “backhaul” network• Shared equipment between the Internet and Telecommunications communities• Seamless integration of mobile telephony and Internet services and content

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Regional3G Technology

Selection

IMT2000Submissions /OHG Formed

MWIFFormed

OHGTorontoMeeting

OHGAgreement

EconomySlow Down

Strong Growth in Mobile Industry

Peak of the Internet Boom

3G LicenseAuctions in

Europe

1997 20021998 20001999 2001

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Another Attempt … The OHG / MWIF Toronto Meeting

An IP Core Network Harmonization Workshop was held on April 3-4, 2002 in Toronto, Canada.The following conclusions and recommendations were reached:

– The harmonization of 3GPP/3GPP2 IP Multimedia Core Networks is aworthwhile and achievable goal.

– This should be pursued urgently by both PP groups.

– Focus the harmonization efforts to areas where synergies already exist with priority given to the harmonization of:

OSA / PARLAY based service APIs.

IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS).

– Adopt a single IMS reference model with consistent terminology.

– Ensure interoperability between all IMS mobiles.

– Ensure application level intersystem IMS roaming

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… And There Is A Glimpse of Hope

The Meeting agreed that 3GPP and 3GPP2 should:– avoid duplication of work– align the IMS and service aspects of their respective Reference Models– collaborate closely on any requirements to be input into IETF related to SIP

extensions and other issues– establish formal and informal mechanisms (e.g., joint e–mail exploder) to

promote harmonization activities– consider routes to joint requirements analysis and joint specification

development– work together on a common evolution strategy taking into account the vision

work in other groups including ITU and IP2 Ad Hoc

It was also agreed that:– the existing schedules (e.g., 3GPP Release 5) should not be negatively

impacted.– common mobility management is an item for future consideration.– 3GPP2 should utilize 3GPP Release 5 IMS and Parlay 3.1 as the base for

their on-going development activities.

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To Put Words into Actions …

Vodafone Group and Verizon Wireless have jointly issued an invitation to their strategic suppliers to collaborate on identifying a common core architecture:

- An architecture towards which each company can evolve its core network.

- The target networks is to be based on a common standard.

Such a common core network would support:

- Service transparency.

- Application portability.

- Roaming between Vodafone and Verizon Wireless networks.

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… With A Number of Key Objectives

Enable interoperability between CDMA2000 and GSM / WCDMA networks and other wireless technologies.

Achieve end-user service and quality of service transparency between CDMA2000 and GSM / WCDMA operators.

Share common service applications and service creation capabilities.

Enable the deployment of All-IP-based network for voice, data and multimedia services.

Adapt a common set of 3GPP / 3GPP2 standards.

Assure a coordinated evolution plan from the existing circuit switched and packet data networks to “All-IP” based networks.

Drive standards organization to converge to a single common core network standard.

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An All-IP Common Core Concept …

A common core network is considered essential to ensure service transparency between CDMA2000 and GSM/WCDMA operators in the long term

“Common” core network

CDMA2000Radio Interface

CDMA2000 Terminal - or -

Multimode Terminal Interface 1

CDMA2000RAN

Interface 2

UMTSRAN

UMTSRadio Interface

UMTS Terminal- or -

Multimode Terminal

WLAN

802.11b / aRadio Interface

WLAN Terminal- or -

Multimode Terminal

Interface 3

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… Some Basic Requirements for the Solution

The solution should meet, at least, the following requirements:

- Transparent and seamless support of current and evolving services and applications when roaming from one market to another

- Seamless support of SIP based call model and service management

- Provision to support legacy infrastructure in the respective networks

- A common service creation platform

- Evolution path to the target IP based architecture

- Compatible with existing and future mobiles as well as wireless LAN based radio interfaces

- Full quality-of-service support for real-time and non-real-time services

IP

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A Potential Evolution Roadmap

The evolution to a common core network may need to go through two key stages: - G95 type interoperability and interworking function initially to achieve near

term service transparency. - Migration to an “All-IP” platform by the adoption of compatible IP-based core

network with capability of supporting multiple radio interfaces.

Interworking function

IP-based multimedia domain /

subsystem

Single core with multiple

radio interfaces

Gateway A single standard

Multiple core and multiple

radio interfaces

Near term Long term

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Key Steps to a Common Core Network

Verizon Wireless and Vodafone to

agree on common core requirements

Submit requirements to

key infrastructure suppliers to derive

solutions

Work with suppliers to come up with a single

solution

Drive the common core solution through the

standards bodies

One core network

Ubiquity

Transparent services

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Thank You

“This time like all times is a good one, if we but know what to do with it.”

-Ralph Waldo Emerson