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3G Ericsson
Radio Parameter
TELKOMSEL
Prepared by Adithya Yudha
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Contents
Idle Mode
Handover
Power Control
Capacity Management
Channel Switching HSDPA
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Idle Mode and Common Channelbehavior
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Cell Selection 3G part
Criteria for Cell Selection
Squal > 0 , Squal = Qqualmeas-qQualMin (only for WCDMA cells) and
Srxlev > 0 , Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas-qRxLevMin - Pcompensation (for all cells)
Pcompensation = max (maxTxPowerUl - P, 0)
Qqualmeas > qQualMin (-18dB) and
Qrxlevmeas > qRxLevMin (-115dBm) - max (maxTxPowerUl (24dB) - P, 0)
qQualMin : indicates the minimum required quality value in the cell. It is sent in
system information, in SIB3 for the serving cell, and in SIB11 for adjacent cells
qRxLevMin : indicates the minimum required signal strength in the cell. It is sent
in SIB3 for the serving cell and in SIB11 for adjacent cells
maxTxPowerUl : indicates the maximum allowed transmission power when the
UE accesses the system on RACH. It is broadcast in SIB3
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Cell Selection 3G part
Qqualmeas (dB)(CPICH Ec/N0)
Qrxlevmeas (dBm)
CPICH RSCP
qQualMin ( –18)
qRxLevMin
( –
115)
Srxlev > 0Pcompensation
Squal > 0Squal >0 AND
Srxlev > 0
suitabl
e
cell?
Squal = Qqualmeas – qQualMin
Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - qRxLevMin – Pcompensation
Pcompensation = max(maxTxPowerUl – P, 0) (dB)
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Cell Reselection 3G partFirst according to S criteria
Squal > 0 (only WCDMA cells)Srxlev > 0
The cells are ranked according to the R criteria:
R(serving) = Qmeas(s) + qHyst(s)
R(neighbor) = Qmeas(n) - qOffset(s,n)
qualMeasQuantity =x
qHyst1 : Based on CPICH RSCP
qHyst2 : Based on CPICH Ec/No
qHyst(s)
qOffset(s,n)
qOffset1sn : Based on CPICH RSCP
qOffset2sn : Based on CPICH Ec/No
(1 ) qHyst(s) and qOffset(sn) based on CPICH RSCP only
(2 ) With this setting the UE first makes qHyst(s) and qOffset(sn)
based on CPICH RSCP . If a GSM cell is highest ranked, no more
ranking is done. If a WCDMA neighbor is highest ranked, a second
ranking takes place, this time according to CPICH Ec/No, and
excluding all GSM neighbors
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Cell Reselection 3G part
R CRITERIA :
R(serving) = Qmeas(s) + qHyst(s)
R(neighbor) = Qmeas(n) - qOffset(s,n)
Note that parameter qOffset1sn works identically for WCDMA-GSM and
WCDMA-WCDMA neighbor relations.
But the values of GSM RSSI and WCDMA CPICH RSCP are not of the same
nature and therefore not directly comparable.
[CPICH RSCP] = [GSM RSSI] + 7
As an example a measured RSCP on a WCDMA CPICH of -100 dBm would becomparable to a GSM broadcast channel RSSI of -93 dBm. A parameter setting
of a GSM neighbor to qOffset1sn = +7 will thus make the received signal
strength in the WCDMA and the GSM cell comparable.
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Cell Reselection 3G part
The decision about when intrafrequency measurements are performed is made using the
sIntraSearch parameter in relation to Squal:
• If the Squal > sIntraSearch, the UE does not need to perform intrafrequency measurements.• If the Squal sRatSearch and the Srxlev > sHcsRat, the UE does not need to perform measurements on
GSM cells.
• If the Squal
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Cell Reselection 3G partMeasurements on GSM Neighbors
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Cell Reselection 3G partFirst ranking of all the cells based on
CPICH RSCP (WCDMA) and RSSI (GSM)
Rs = CPICH RSCP/GSM RSSI + Qhyst1Rn= CPICH_RSCP(n) or RXLEV(n) - Qoffset1
Rn higher in GSM cell
Yes No
Cell re-selectionto GSM
Second ranking only for WCDMA cells based onCPICH Ec/No
Rs = CPICH Ec/No + Qhyst2Rn= CPICH Ec/No -Qoffset2
Cell re-selection toWCDMA cell of highest
R value
GSM cell measurements
available If :CPICH Ec/No – qQualMin < SRatSearch
Rs = Serving WCDMA cell
calculation, with
hysteresis parameter
Rn = Neighbour WCDMA or GSMcell calculation with offsetparameter
If a TDD or GSM cell is ranked as the best cell, then the UE must
perform cell re-selection to that TDD or GSM cell.
If a FDD cell is ranked as the best cell andcell_selection_and_reselection-quality_measure is set to CPICHRSCP, the UE shall perform cell re-selection to that FDD cell.
If a FDD cell is ranked as the best cell andcell_selection_and_reselection-quality_measure is set to CPICHEc/No, the UE shall perform a second ranking of the FDD cells
according to the R criteria using the measurement quantity CPICHEc/No calculating the R values of the FDD cells.
qHyst1 = 4 dB
qOffset1sn = 0 dB
qQualMin = -18 dBsRATsearch = 4 dB
qOffset1sn = 7 dB
qRxlevMin = -115 dBm
Qhyst2 = 4 dB
qOffset2sn = 0 dB
R S C P
R S S I
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Cell Reselection 2G part
Never-54… -70-74-78Always-74… -94-98dBm
1514… 109876… 10Value
If RLA_C < -94 UE starts3G measurements
UE always measures 3Gcells
UE never measures 3Gcells
If RLA_C > -70 UE starts3G measurements
Measurements on 3G Neighbors
The parameters QSI and QSC define thresholds and also indicate whether these
measurements shall be performed when the signal strength (SS) of the serving cell is below or
above the threshold. QSI is used for idle and packet switched modes and broadcast on BCCH
and PBCCH (if enabled), while QSC is used for active mode, sent on SACCH
There are 4 different scenarios to choose from. Parameters QSI and QSC are set per GSM cell and define
both the scenario and the necessary threshold, at the same time:
• UTRAN neighboring cells are measured only when the signal strength of the GSM serving cell is above
the threshold set by QSI and QSC
• UTRAN neighbor cells are measured only when the signal strength of the GSM serving cell is below the
threshold set by QSI and QSC .
• UTRAN neighbor cells are always measured.
• UTRAN neighbor cells are never measured. This can be used to turn off the cell reselection/handover to
UMTS, per cell, even if COEXUMTS is ON for the BSC.
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Cell Reselection 2G partExample 2: If an UTRAN cell is co-sited with a GSM cell, there is a certain
correlation between signal strengths of the two systems. If the GSM is for exampleusing 900MHz band it is very probable that the GSM signal strength will always be
higher than the UTRAN signal, for a number of dBs. Therefore, there is no point in
measuring UTRAN cells in low GSM signal conditions and values 8-14 can be
selected accordingly.
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Cell Reselection 2G part
Criter ia :
CPICH Ec /No > FDDQMIN (-13dB) and
CPICH RSCP > RLA(s+n) + FDDQOFF (-infinite)
2824… 0… -20-24-28-32
(infinity)
dBm
1514… 8… 3210Value
Always select irrespective of
RSCP value
Reselect in case RSCP > GSM
RXLev (RLA_C) +28dB
FDDQOFF
Value 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
dBm -20 -6 -18 -8 -16 -10 -14 -12
FDDQMIN
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Cell Reselection 2G partCell Reselection List
WCDMA
cell
reselectio
n
BCCH: FDDQMIN, FDDQOFF
DEFAULT:
fdd cell reselect offset:
select always
(value is -infinity)
minimum fdd
threshold = -8 dBCheck levels every 5sfrom serving GSM cell
and best 6 GSMneighbour cells
UE starts WCDMA measurements if Rxlevrunning average (RLA_C) is below or above
certain threshold:RLA_C QSI or QSC
UE can select WCDMA cell if the level of theserving GSM and non-serving GSM cells has been
exceeded by certain offset for a period of 5 s:CPICH RSCP > RLA_C + FDDQOFF
RSCP > (aveRxLev) + -32
UE will re-select WCDMA cell in case it'squality is acceptable:
CPICH Ec/No FDDQMIN
EcNo -8 dB
Compare levelsof all GSM cells
to WCDMAneighbour
Check qualityof neighbour
WCDMA cells, nopriorities between
WCDMAneighbours
0 5 . 0
8 : T h i s m a y t a k e u p t o 3 0 s
QSI = 7(always)
FDDQOFF = -32 dB
FDDQMIN = -8 dB
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Idle Mode Parameter SummaryCell Selection and Reselection
accessClassNBarredIndicates whether or not access class N is barred ( N = 0 to 15).
0 : not barred
1 : barred
Start from least significatant bit:
bit 0 : class 0
bit 1 : class 1
bit 2 : class 2
.......
bit 15 : class 15
bandIndicatorIndicates the frequency band of the external GSM cell.
The BCCH frequency is unique for all GSM bands except the two GSM
bands DCS1800 and PCS1900, so the band indicator is needed to
discriminate between the two. When the ExternalGsmCell has a BCCHfrequency indicating some other frequency band, then the band
indicator is not needed and may be set to "Not applicable".
bcchFrequency BCCH frequency code in the GSM cell. Contains the absolute radiofrequency channel number of the BCCH channel for the GSM cell. It
uniquely identifies the BCCH.
cellReserved Indicates if this cell shall be reserved for operator use. If it is reserved,there will be no service to the UEs.
fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeffFach Measurement Occasion Cycle Length coefficient. A factor used
when the UE performs inter-frequency and inter-system
measurements. The UE uses this parameter to calculate the interval
length in order to determine the repeating cycle of the measurement.
0 : not broadcasted in SIB 11.
1 : not used.
2 : not used.
3 : used when inter frequency and GSM neighbours.
4 : used when inter freqency or GSM neighbours.
5 - 12 not used.
interFreqFddMeasIndicator Inter-frequency FDD measurement indicator.
FALSE = No
TRUE = Yes
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Idle Mode Parameter SummarymaxTxPowerUl
The maximum UE transmission power on the RACH when accessing
the system. Used in UE functions for cell selection/reselection in idle
mode and connected mode. Also used by UTRAN to control the
maximum TX power level an UE may use.
If the current UE uplink transmit power is above the indicated power
value, the UE shall decrease the power to a level below the power
value. Value launched by System information (SIB11) for each intra-
frequency measurement object corresponding to adjacent cells of
serving cell.
Unit: 1 dBm
Resolution: 1
-50: -50 dBm
...
33: 33 dBm
100 : Default value. The parameter is not sent in SIB11 and the UE will
use the maximum output power for this GSM cell, according to its radio
access capability.
maxTxPowerUl (serving cell, WCDMA neighbor within same RNC)
maxTxPowerUl (WCDMA neighbor belonging to another RNC)
maxTxPowerUl (GSM neighbor)
mccThe MCC part of the PLMN identity used in the GSM radio network.
The PLMN identity consists of two parts:
1. MobileCountryCode, MCC, 3 digits
2. MobileNetworkCode, MNC, 2 or 3 digits
Example: If MCC=125 and MNC=46 then plmnId=12546.
mnc The MNC part of the PLMN identity used in the radio network.
The PLMN identity consists of two parts:
1. MobileCountryCode, MCC, 3 digits
2. MobileNetworkCode, MNC, 2 or 3 digits
Example: If MCC=125 and MNC=46 then plmnId=12546.
nmo Network operation mode that indicates whether the Gs interfacebetween the SGSN and MSC/VLR is installed.
primaryScramblingCode The primary downlink scrambling code to be used in the external cell.
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Idle Mode Parameter SummaryqHyst1
Cell reselection hysteresis used in UE functions in idle and connected
mode. Value launched by System information (SIB3).
Resolution: 2
qHyst2 The hysteresis value of the serving cell. Used to perform cell rankingfor the serving cell.
Resolution: 2
qOffset1sn Signal stength offset between source and target cells. Used when theIE "cell_selection_and_reselection_quality_measure" in SIB 11/12 is
set to "CPICH RSCP". This is configured through
UtranCell::qualMeasQuantity.
Unit: 1 dB
Resolution: 1
-50 : -50dB-49 : -49dB
-48 : -48dB
......
50 : 50dB
qOffset1sn (WCDMA neighbor relation)
qOffset1sn (GSM neighbor relation)
qOffset2sn (WCDMA neighbor relation)
qQualMin Used in UE functions for cell selection/reselection in idle mode andconnected mode. Minimum required (acceptable) quality level in the
cell (dB). Used to set cell border between two cells.
Unit: 1 dB
Resolution: 1
-24 : -24dB
......
0 : 0dB
100 : Indicates that the minimum quality level has not been specified by
the operator. The parameter is then not
present in SIB11 for this neighbour. The UE will use the serving cell
value (UtranCell MO value) instead.
qQualMin (serving cell, WCDMA neighbor within same RNC)
qQualMin (WCDMA neighbor belonging to another RNC)
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Idle Mode Parameter SummaryqRxLevMin
Used in UE functions for cell selection/reselection in idle mode and
connected mode. Minimum required (acceptable) RX level in the cell.
(dBm). Value launched by System information (SIB11) for each intra-
frequency measurement object corresponding to adjacent cells of
serving cell.
Unit: 1 dBm
Resolution: 2
-115 : -115dBm
-113 : -113dBm
-111 : -111dBm
-109 : -109dBm
.....
-25 : -25 dBm
100 : Indicates that the minimum Rx level has not been specified by the
operator. The parameter is then notpresent in SIB11 for this neighbour. The UE will use the serving cell
value (UtranCell MO value) instead.
qRxLevMin (serving cell, WCDMA neighbor belonging to same RNC)
qRxLevMin (WCDMA neighbor belonging to another RNC)
qRxLevMin (GSM neighbor)
qualMeasQuantity Used in UE functions for cell selection/reselection in idle andconnected mode. Cell selection and reselection quality measure.
Value launched by System information (SIB3, SIB11 and SIB12).
sHcsRat RAT specific threshold in the serving cell used in the inter-RATmeasurement rules.
This parameter is used by the UE to decide when to start GSM
measurements for cell reselection, if the serving cell is indicated to
belong to a Hiearachical Cell Structure (HCS)
GSM measurements in idle mode and state CELL_FACH are started
by the UE when RSCP
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Idle Mode Parameter SummarysInterSearch The decision on when measurements on inter frequencies shall be
performed.
If a negative dB value is configured the UE interprets the negative
value as 0 dB.
Unit: 2 dB
Resolution: 1
0 : not sent
1 : -32 dB
2 : -30 dB
...
27 : 20 dB
sIntraSearch The decision on when measurements on intra frequencies shall beperformed.
If a negative dB value is configured, the UE interprets the negative
value as 0 dB.
Unit: 2 dB
Resolution: 1
0 : not sent
1 : -32 dB
2 : -30 dB
...
27 : 20 dB
sRatSearch
The decision on when measurements on GSM frequencies shall beperformed is made using this parameter in relation with Squal.
If S_qual > this parameter, UE need not perform measurements on
GSM cells.
If S_qual
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Idle Mode Parameter SummaryPagingcnDrxCycleLengthCs Core Network DRX cycle length coefficient (k) for UEs in idle mode,
circuit switched.
The cycle length is calculated as the k'th potential of 2, where k = 6..9.
For example, 6 corresponds to cycle length 640 ms, 7 corresponds to
cycle length 1280 ms, etc.
cnDrxCycleLengthPs Core Network DRX cycle length coefficient (k) for UEs in idle mode,packet switched.
The cycle length is calculated as the k'th potential of 2, where k = 6..9.
For example, 6 corresponds to cycle length 640 ms, 7 corresponds to
cycle length 1280 ms, etc.
noOfMaxDrxCycles Paging notification duration.
To notify UEs in IDLE mode about a system information update, the
RNC sends a paging message on the PCH at every page occasion of a
number of maximum DRX cycles.
noOfPagingRecordTransm Number of preconfigured subsequent transmissions of the samePaging Record.
System Information
noOfMibValueTagRetrans Number of MIB value tag retransmissions on the FACH.
sib1PlmnScopeValueTag The area identity part of PLMN scope value tages for SIB1
sib1RepPeriod
sib3RepPeriod
sib5RepPeriod
sib7RepPeriod
sib11RepPeriodsib12RepPeriod
sib1StartPos
sib3StartPos
sib5StartPos
sib7StartPos
sib11StartPos
sib12StartPos
sib7ExpirationTimeFactor SIB7 use expiration time as re-read mechanism. The expiration time issib7RepPeriod times sib7ExpirationTimeFactor.
updateCellReattsNo Number of update reattempts when an update of system informationparameters in a cell failed.
Idle Mode Behaviour
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UE States
Idle mode No connection to radio network (No RRC connection established)
This minimizes resource utilization in UE and the network
CELL_FACH mode
User Equipment (UE) in Connected Mode (has an RRC Connection toradio network)
UE uses the common transport channels RACH or FACH
If the parameter interFreqFDDMeasIndicator = 1, the UE will evaluate cell
reselection criteria on inter-frequency cells (0)
CELL_DCH mode
User Equipment (UE) in Connected Mode (has an RRC Connection to
radio network)
UE uses dedicated channels for transmitting data and signalling
Idle Mode Behaviour
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Power
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primary CPICH power should be 8 to 10% (~ 1 Watt) of
the nominal RBS power at the reference point (~10W,while MCPA is 20W)
The pilot power is designed to be equal in all cells at the
Reference Point.
primaryCpichPower = 30 dBm
TopOfRack = primaryCpichPower +
dlAttenuation
System will adjust the TopOfRack to meet the requiredvalue.
Consistency check on
MaximumTransmissionPowerDL (Calculated vs.
setting value)
The feeder loss parameters ulAttenuation &
dlAttenuation and electrical delay parameters
ulElectricalDelay & dlElectricalDelay must be enteredproperly in the system (actual VSWR).
More CPICH – less capacity trade off TopOfRack
P-CPICH
MaxTxPowerDL
dl/ulAttenuation
dl/ElectDelay
Pilot Channel Power
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Common Control Channel Power
With increasing CPICH power – capacity directly decreasis, but common channels and
power per each dedicated channel is calculated from CPICH
At CPICH 30 dBm, the common channel will be configured as follow:
Parameter Name MO Type Value Cumm(dBm) Peak Power(W) Typical AF Avg Power(W)
primaryCpichPower UtranCell 30 1 1 1
pchPower Pch -0.4 29.6 0.91 0.20 0.18
primarySchPower UtranCell -1.8 28.2 0.66 0.10 0.07
secondarySchPower UtranCell -3.5 26.5 0.45 0.10 0.04
maxFach1Power Fach 1.8 31.8 1.51 0.10 0.15
maxFach2Power Fach 1.5 31.5 1.41 0.30 0.42
bchPower UtranCell -3.1 26.9 0.49 0.90 0.44
aichPower Rach -6 24 0.25 0.10 0.03
pichPower Pch -7 23 0.20 1.00 0.20
38.38 6.89 2.53
MaximumTransmissionPowerDL is design to be equal with Nominal RBS Power
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Common Channel on Downlink
Cell Setup and Reconfiguration - DownlinkprimaryCpichPower is the power used for transmitting the PCPICH.
bchPower is the power used for transmitting on the BCH, relative to the primaryCpichPower value.
primarySchPower is the power used for transmitting on the Primary SCH, relative to the primaryCpichPower value.
secondarySchPower is the power used for transmitting on the Secondary SCH, relative to the primaryCpichPower value.
Common Transport Channel Setup and Reconfiguration - DownlinkaichPower is the power used for transmitting on AICH, relative to the primaryCpichPower value.
maxFach1Power defines the maximum power used for transmitting the first FACH channel, relative to the
primaryCpichPower value. The first FACH is used for logical channels BCCH, CCCH, and DCCH
control si nalin .maxFach2Power defines the Maximum power used for transmitting the second FACH channel, relative to the
primaryCpichPower value. The second FACH is used for logical channel DTCH traffic signaling.pOffset1Fach is the offset between downlink DPDCH and DPCCH TFCI field on FACH.
pOffset3Fach is the offset between downlink DPDCH and DPCCH pilot field on FACH.
pchPower is the power used for transmitting on the PCH, relative to the primaryCpichPower value.
pichPower is the power used for transmitting on the PICH, relative to the primaryCpichPower value.
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Common Channel on UplinkCommon Transport Channel Setup and Reconfiguration - UplinkconstantValueCprach is a constant value in dB used by the UE to calculate the initial power on the PRACH according to
the Open Loop Power Control procedure.
powerOffsetP0 is the Power ramp step for the preamble when no acquisition indicator is received.powerOffsetPpm is the Power offset between the last transmitted preamble and the control part of the random
access message.preambleRetransMax is the maximum number of preambles sent in one RACH preamble ramping cycle.
maxPreambleCycle is the maximum number of preamble ramping cycle.
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Common Channel on Uplink
P_RACH
The initial power on the PRACH - the power of the first preamble - is determined according to equation
P_PRACH = L_PCPICH + RTWP + constantValueCprach (-27dB)
L_PCPICH : is the path loss estimated by the UE based on knowing thetransmitted and received PCPICH power.
RTWP : is the Received Total Wideband Power (uplink interference) level
measured by the RBS.constantValueCprach : is used by the UE to calculate the initial power on the PRACH . This
parameter is configurable and decides at which level below RTWPpreamble ramping will start
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Common Channel on Uplink
In average coverage conditions the RRC Connection Setup performance can be improved by tuning theopen loop power control parameters
These parameters are
preambleRetransMax and & maxPreambleCycle
powerOffsetPpm
powerOffsetP0
maxPreambleCycle # preamble power ramping cycles that can be done
before RACH transmission failure is reported
Downlink
BS
L1 ACK / AICH
Uplink
MS Preamble1
Not detected
Message partPreamble2
Preamble
preambleRetransMax # PRACH preambles transmitted during one PRACH
cycle without receiving AICH response
MaxTXPowerUl
… … … …
powerOffsetP0
powerOffsetPpmInitialpreamblepower
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Handover
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Soft/Softer Handover
Inter-Frequency Handover
Inter-RAT Handover
Inter-RAT Cell Change
HSDPA Mobility
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Intra-Frequency Handover
SOFTER HANDOVER
MS simultaneously connected to multiple cells (handled by same BTS)
No extra transmissions across Iub interface Mobile Evaluated HandOver (MEHO)
Both UL and DL: Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) is occurring in rake receiver
SOFT HANDOVER
MS simultaneously connected to multiple cells (from different BTSs)
Extra transmission across Iub, more channel cards are needed
Mobile Evaluated HandOver (MEHO)
DL/UE: MRC
UL/RNC: Frame selection combining
HARD HANDOVER
Arises when inter-RNC SHO is not possible (Iur not supported or Iur congestion)
Decision procedure is the same as SHO (MEHO)
Causes temporary disconnection
Inter-Frequency Handover
Can be intra-BS, intra-RNC, inter-RNC
Network Evaluated HandOver (NEHO)
Inter-RAT (Inter-system) Handover
Handovers between GSM and WCDMA (NEHO)
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Entities Involved in Reporting, Evaluation, and Execution of Handover-Related Functions.
The concept of event-triggered reporting as specified in 3GPP is used by handover evaluation and
allows the UE to do some part of the evaluation.
Thus, the UE is configured to evaluate and send measurement reports to the system only when certain
events occur, that is, when a monitored cell is measured and the measurement result for a monitored cell
fulfills certain criteria. When the conditions for triggering a certain handover are fulfilled, the handoverevaluation part triggers the corresponding handover execution part.
Entities Involved in Reporting, Evaluation, and Execution of Handover-Related Functions.
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Soft/Softer Handover
Event 1a, A primary CPICH enters the Reporting Range (measured P-CPICH Ec/No) > (P-CPICH Ec/No of the Best Cell in the Active Set) -
reportingRange1a + hysteresis1a /2
Event 1b, A primary CPICH leaves the Reporting Range
When a P-CPICH, not included in the Active Set, enters reportingRange1a + hysteresis1a/2, and the
measured value remains in reportingRange1a + hysteresis1a/2 at least a time equal to timeToTrigger1a
(Time to Trigger 1a), event 1a occurs. The UE sends a MEASUREMENT REPORT message for event 1a to
the SRNC. If the report contains more than one cell fulfilling 1a criteria, only the one with highest Ec/No isconsidered and retained. If the retained cell is a valid cell and Active Set is not full (present cells in the
Active Set is less than maxActiveSet parameter), the cell is proposed to be added to the Active Set. If
the Active Set is full, the cell is proposed as a replacement of the worst cell in the Active Set provided that the
reported cell has a better quality than the worst cell in the Active Set.
(measured P-CPICH Ec/No) < (P-CPICH Ec/No of the best cell in the Active Set) -
reportingRange1b - hysteresis1b /2
When a P-CPICH, included in the Active Set, leaves reportingRange1b - hysteresis1b /2, and the
measured value is outside reportingRange1b - hysteresis1b /2 during a time at least equal to
timeToTrigger1b, event 1b occurs. The UE sends a MEASUREMENT REPORT message for event 1b to the
SRNC. The handover algorithms will remove the reported cells one by one from the Active Set, however onecell is always kept in the Active Set for maintaining the connection.
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Event 1c, A non-active primary CPICH becomes better than an Active PrimaryCPICH
Soft/Softer Handover
When a P-CPICH, not included in the
Active Set, becomes stronger than the
weakestP-CPICH+hysteresis1c /2 in the Active
Set during a time at least equal to
timeToTrigger1c,and the Active Set is full
(present cells in the Active Set is equal to
maxActiveSet parameter) event 1c
occurs. The UE sends a
MEASUREMENT REPORT message for
event 1c to the SRNC. If the retained cellis a valid cell, and the Active Set is full,
the cell is proposed as a replacement for
the weakest cell in the Active Set
(measured P-CPICH Ec/No) > (P-CPICH Ec/No of the Best Cell in the Active Set) +
hysteresis1c /2
Cell (P_CPICH4) Would
be replaced P_CPICH3
in active set list
Hysteresis1c (1dB)
320 ms
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Soft/Softer Handover Parameter Summary
Setting Value Remark
reportingRange1a 6 3 dB
reportingRange1b 10 5 dB
timeToTrigger1a 11 320ms timeToTrigger1b 12 640ms
timeToTrigger1c 11 320ms
timeToTrigger1d 14 2560ms
hysteresis1a 0 0
hysteresis1b 0 0
hysteresis1c 2 1dB
hysteresis1d 15 7dB
maxActiveSet 3 3
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Inter-RAT Handover
Event 2d, The Estimated Quality of the Currently Used frequency is below a
Certain Threshold
When the estimated quality of the current WCDMA RAN used frequency is below the absolute threshold
usedFreqThresh2dEcno - hysteresis2d/2, during a time at least equal to timeToTrigger2dEcno, OR the
estimated quality of the current WCDMA RAN used frequency is below the absolute threshold
usedFreqThresh2dRscp - hysteresis2d/2, during a time at least equal to timeToTrigger2dRscp, event 2d
occurs.
Event 2f, The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is above a
certain threshold
When the estimated quality of the current WCDMA RAN used frequency is above the relative threshold
usedFreqRelThresh2fEcno+usedFreqThresh2dEcno + hysteresis2f/2, during a time at least equal to
timeToTrigger2fEcno, AND the estimated quality of the current WCDMA RAN used frequency is above therelative threshold usedFreqRelThresh2fRscp+usedFreqThresh2dRscp + hysteresis2f/2, during a time at
least equal to timeToTrigger2fRscp event 2f occurs. The UE sends a MEASUREMENT REPORT message
for event 2f to the SRNC. When SRNC receives the MEASUREMENT REPORT message for event 2f from
the UE, measurements for IRATHO_eval event 3a or IFHO_eval event 2b and associated compressed mode
usage is stopped.
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Inter-RAT Handover
UE start compressed
mode to measure GSM
or Interfreq Neighbors
UE stop compressed
mode
-12 dB
1 + (-12 dB)
640 ms 2560 ms
Compressed Mode and de-Compressed Mode
usedFreqThresh2dRscp : 100 dBm
usedFreqRelThresh2fEcno : 3 dB
timeToTrigger2dRscp : 640 mstimeToTrigger2fRscp : 2560 ms
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IFHO & IRAT Parameter Summary
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The Capacity Management solution consists of three main functions:
1. Dedicated Monitored Resource Handling
The Dedicated Monitored Resource Handling function is responsible for keeping
track of the utilization of critical resources in the system. The utilization of these
resources provides information that is used by Admission and Congestion Controlfunctions to control the cell load.
2. Admission Control
The Admission Control function is responsible for controlling the utilization of
dedicated monitored resources by accepting or refusing requests for usage of
these resources.
3. Congestion Control
The Congestion Control function is responsible for detecting and resolving overload
situations on certain dedicated monitored resources.
Capacity Management
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Downlink Channelization Code
Admission PolicyTo reserve codes for users in handover, there is code blocking for non-handover
requests, while requests for handover are not blocked by the downlink
channelization code admission policy. It should be noted that handover requests
can fail on the allocation of the downlink code and this is detected when allocating
the downlink code.
Downlink code allocation policy for the non-handover requests is shown in
1.(Non-guaranteed, non-handover) admission requests are blocked when the
resource usage exceeds dlCodeAdm - beMarginDlCode.
2. (Guaranteed, non-handover) and (guaranteed-hs, non-handover) admission
requests are blocked when the resource usage exceeds dlCodeAdm.
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The Histogram Monitor keeps track of the following resources:
Spreading Factor u sage in dow nl ink. It adds information about downlink
channelization code usage. This is achieved by keeping track of the
number of connections that are using certain code lengths. The histogram
monitor gives information per spreading factor. It should be noted that the
monitor does not count the codes (spreading factor = 16) reserved forHSDPA connections.
Spreading Facto r usage in upl ink . This measurement aims at avoiding
overload of uplink RTWP due to the usage of the (optional) PS384/HS radio
connection type. The histogram monitor gives information per spreading
factor.
Number of Compressed Mode radio l inks. This measurement is used toavoid too much interference from the compressed mode radio users.
Number of HSDPA users allocated to th e HS-DSCH. This measurement
provides the HSDPA usage in a cell. The monitor of this dedicated resource
is obtained by tracking the number HS-serving radio links in a cell. This
includes both PS64/HS and PS384/HS radio connection types.
Histogram Admission Policy
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Histogram Admission Policy
1. Non-Guaranteed Service Class Limits in Downlink
(32)(16)
(8)
http://edw/alex?ac=image&fn=83_1553-HSD10102_4Uen.C-U0000333.pdfhttp://edw/alex?ac=image&fn=83_1553-HSD10102_4Uen.C-U0000333.pdfhttp://edw/alex?ac=image&fn=83_1553-HSD10102_4Uen.C-U0000333.pdfhttp://edw/alex?ac=image&fn=83_1553-HSD10102_4Uen.C-U0000333.pdf
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Histogram Admission Policy
2. Guaranteed Service Class Limits in Downlink Admission Control blocks (guaranteed, ) admission requests demanding
spreading factor 16 in downlink (streaming PS16/128 radio connection type) when
the usage of this spreading factor exceeds sf16gAdm (16).
3. Guaranteed-hs Service Class Limits in Uplink
Admission Control blocks (guaranteed-hs, a) admission requests demandingspreading factor 4 in uplink (PS384/HS radio connection type) when the usage of
this spreading factor exceeds sf4AdmUl (0).
4. Compressed Mode Radio Links Limits
Admission Control blocks admission requests for a radio link in compressed mode
when the current number of radio links exceeds the parameter compModeAdm(15).
5. Number of Simultaneous HS-Serving Links Limits
Admission Control blocks new radio link admission requests which involve the
allocation to HS-PDSCH/HS-SCCH when the number of users assigned to the HS-
DSCH in the cell exceeds hsdpaUsersAdm (10).
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WCDMA to GPRS (PS)
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WCDMA to GPRS (PS)
3G-SGSN
SRNC BSC
2G-SGSN
GGSN
RBS RBS
RBS RBS
RBS
RBS
Iu Gb
Abis Iub
Gn Gn
External
Networks
Gi
A successful IRATCC from
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SRNCCN/SGSN Target BSS
CELL_DCH
1. DCCH (AM) ”Measurement Report” (Event 2d)
2. Evaluation of MR
3. Compressed Mode Control
4. DCCH (AM) ”Measurement Control”
5. DCCH (AM) ”Measurement Report” (Event 3a)
6. Evaluation of MR
7. DCCH (AM):CELL_DCH Cell Change Order from UTRAN
8. GSM: RA Update
10. Stop DL Transmission
12. ”Iu Release Command”
14. ”Iu Release Complete”
13. Dedicated Radio Link Release
A successful IRATCC fromWCDMA to GPRS
9. ”SRNS Context Request”
11. ”SRNS Context Response”
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GSM to WCDMA (voice) :
Measurements on WCDMA CellsFour different scenarios:
WCDMA RAN neighbor cells are measured only when the signal strength of theGSM serving cell is above the threshold set by QSI and QSC.
WCDMA RAN neighbor cells are measured only when the signal strength of theGSM serving cell is below the threshold set by QSI and QSC.
WCDMA RAN neighbor cells are always measured.
WCDMA RAN neighbor cells are never measured.This can be used to turn off the cell reselection/handover to WCDMA, per cell,
even if COEXUMTS (parameter used to activate the functionality of makinghandovers and cell reselections between GSM and WCDMA) is on for the BSC.
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Load sharing
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Load sharing
• Load sharing to 2nd carrier at RRC establishment
Least loaded cell (Highest difference between power and pwradm) is
chosen by sending RRC connection reject with redirection info to 2nd
carrier.
• Directed Retry to GSM at RAB establishment
When Dl power reaches ‘loadSharingGsmThreshold’ percentage of
pwradm, calls are targeted to be offloaded to GSM. This is achieved
by rejecting RAB establishment requests with ‘directed retry’ as acause.
Load sharing capabilities
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Load sharing capabilities
available in the WCDMA RAN
Inter-Frequency Load Sharing
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Inter-Frequency Load Sharing
Inter-Frequency Load Sharing
At call set-up - RRC Connection Establishment for allRABs
Triggered by Downlink Transmitted Carrier Power * (load on source > 50% and load on target less thansource by a 10 % margin)
The feature is activated in an RNC by setting the
parameter loadSharingRrcEnabled to TRUE
The attribute loadSharingCandidate TRUE/FALSE
specifies whether the target cell is a load-sharing neighbor
of the source cellf1 f1f1 f1
f2 f2
* Not operator configurable
Inter-Frequency Load Sharing
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Inter Frequency Load Sharing
(RRC redirection) (Extra Slide)
RNC
”RRC Connection Request”CCCH/RACH
”RRC Connection Reject” CCCH/FACH
Idle
Mode
Cell selection
on designated
UTRA carrier
”RRC Connection Request”CCCH/RACH
”RRC Connection Setup”CCCH/FACH
F1
F2
Includes ‘Frequency
Info’ IE
2nd will not be
redirected but maybe successful or
rejected due to
congestion
Directed retry to GSM
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Directed retry to GSM Applicable for voice in P3
WCDMA
GSM
Admission
Control
Directed retry to GSM
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Directed retry to GSM Directed retry to GSM
At call set-up - RAB Establishment for voice
Triggered by Downlink Transmitted Carrier Power
The feature is activated in an RNC by setting the parameter
loadSharingDirRetryEnabled to TRUE
One GSM target can be defined for each WCDMA cell via the cell
parameter directedRetryTarget
loadSharingGsmThreshold specifies the minimum load at which off-
loading to GSM begins: ex 80% of pwrAdm
loadSharingGsmFraction specifies the percentage of Directed Retry
candidates to be diverted to GSM while the cell load is above the
specified load threshold
Directed Retry to GSM
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Directed Retry to GSM
UE RBS/RNC CN
Directed Retry
decision to send
Successful
access to GSM
Contacts GSM
cell and orders
relocation
HO from UTRAN command
RAB Assignment Request
RAB Assignment Response (failed, cause=directed retry)
Relocation Required
Relocation Command
Iu release Command
Iu release Complete
Voice calls can be relocated to GSM due to high load in WCDMA
If the call is not accepted in GSM - try in WCDMA again!
Load balancing for voice between
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When out of coverage, theWCDMA voice call is handed
over to GSM
When GSM load reaches acustomizable threshold, voice calls can
be handed over to WCDMA
GSM coverage
Dual Mode UE
GSM terminal
oad ba a c g o o ce be ee
WCDMA-GSM
Load based handover to GSM
during call set up, Directed Retry
(P3) to GSM
Introduction Features & Roadmap
WCDMA coverage
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Channel Switching
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Channel Switching
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Multi-RAB Down-switch Evaluation
Monitors if a release (or downswitch) of PS I/B RAB shall be initiated due to lack ofPS data throughput (zero), resulting in a single speech 12.2 kbps (or speech + PS
0/0) or CS64 RAB.
Multi-RAB Up-switch Evaluation
Monitors if an upswitch from multi-RAB SP0 to multi-RAB SP64 shall be initiateddue to data buffered in either RNC or UE.
Channel Switching
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Future releases
activity/inactivity-based
switching UL and/or DL
DL throughput-
based upswitch
UL throughput-
based upswitch
coverage-triggered
downswitch (DL only)
choice based on UE-
and cell-capability
IDLE
FACH
DCH
HS384/HS
64/384
64/HS
64/128
64/64
128/128
stand-alone interactive RAB
speech
+ 0/0
speech+ 64/64
speech
+ 64/HS
speech
+ 384/HS
speech + interactive
RAB
PS RAB Establishment
Low/No RLC buffer load for
Inactivity timer period
Low/No throughputMeasurement for down
Switch timer period
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Capacity Management
Admission control workflow
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Resource request Is admission blocked
by Congestion Control?
Yes,
then
block
Check if the requested
ASE UL + estimated ASE UL
>
aseUlAdm
No
Yes,
then
block
Check if the requested
DL Pwr + estimated Pwr
>
pwrAdm
No
Yes, then block
Check if the requested +
estimated # compressed mode RL
>
compModeAdm
No
Yes,
then
block
No, then
accept
Check if the requested
ASE DL + estimated DL ASE
>
aseDlAdm
No
Yes,
then
block
Yes,
then
block
Check if the requested
code usage + estimated code usage
>
dLCodeAdm
No
No
Yes,
then
block
Check if the requested
DL SF + estimated DL SF
>
sfXAdm *
Only checked if
BE-service requests
•X = 8 or X = 32
•X = 16
75*
160*
240*
SF8adm= 8*
SF16adm= 16*
SF32adm= 32*
70*
15*
* Currentdefault values
Soft Congestion mechanism
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Soft Congestion mechanism
New request for ng 64/128, ng 64/64 or g access
Admission Control blocks the new request
An existing ng user of 64/384 will be switched down to 64/128
or an existing ng user of 64/128 will be switched down to 64/64
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ASE release order
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Core Network
SRNC &DRNC
Iu
Iur
over Iur:
SRNC
Iu
over Iu:
1. Non-guaranteed service
class connections
3. CS/streaming service
class connections
5. Speech users
2. Non-guaranteed service
class connections
4. CS /streaming service
class connections
6. Speech users
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HSDPA
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HSDPA Parameter Summary
Parameter Name Default Value Initial Setting TELKOMSEL
HSPATHLOSSTHRESHOLD 170 170
CQIERRORSABSENT 10 10
HSPOWERMARGIN 2 2
HSSCCHMAXCODEPOWER -20 -20
QUEUESELECTALGORITHM ROUND_ROBIN ROUND_ROBIN
SUPPORTOF16QAM FALSE TRUE
MAXHSRATE 15 30
HSONLYBESTCELL 1 1
HSHYSTERESIS1D 10 10
HSQUALITYESTIMATE CPICH_RSCP CPICH_RSCP
HSTIMETOTRIGGER1D 640 640
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MAXHSRATE
The HSDPA Iub flow control algorithm adjusts the available bit rate over Iub based mainly on themaximum possible air interface bitrate received from the scheduler, the number of users in a celland Iub congestion indications. The RBS uses the parameter maxHsRate to determine themaximum bit rate to be used for HS-DSCH data frame traffic in one aggregated bit pipe over Iub.
The parameter maxHsRate should be configured for each RBS to represent the maximum MAC-dPDU bitrate of HS-DSCH data frames, which is available for the AAL2 path or paths carrying
HSDPA traffic to the RBS in question. The parameter may be set to a MAC-d PDU bit rate of 1.5Mbps (the default value), when one dedicated physical E1 link is used for HSDPA traffic. Thismaximum bitrate level is the same as the bitrate expressed by the CAPACITY ALLOCATIONcontrol frames.
As an example, the default value of this parameter has been obtained by multiplying the HSDPAavailable ATM bandwidth (excluding IMA overhead), e.g. 1.92 Mbps, with a factor of 0.79. Thisfactor is dependent on the average number of MAC-d PDUs per HS-DSCH data frame. In thiscase, it is based on having 10 MAC-d PDUs (336 bits) per HS-DSCH data frame in average. It
should be noted that assuming a lower number of PDUs per data frame gives a lower factor andvice versa.
The parameter value of maxHsRate also depends on how the transport network is configured, e.g.if ATM VC Cross Connect is used or if AAL2 switching is used. It depends on how the ATM VCsetc are configured, e.g. for HS traffic only, sharing with AAL2 class A and B, several AAL2 pathsfor HS etc. Therefore it is recommended to follow the guidelines given by Ericsson regardingtransport network dimensioning before setting a value for this parameter.
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16QAM Modulation
The RBS hardware supports both QPSK and 16QAM modulation. However, support of 16QAM is
an optional feature which can be configured on cell level using the parameter supportOf16qam.
The available modulation type impacts the maximum achievable bit rate in the cell,
Maximum Achievable User Bit Rate at the RLC Level As a Function of the UE HS-DSCH Category and Modulation Type