3G RF Optimization

W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading Without Permission Page 1 of 68

Product name Confidentiality level

WCDMA RNP For internal use only

Product version Total 68 pages

31

W-RF Optimization Operations Guide (For internal use only)

Prepared by

He Fengming Date 2006-01-18

Reviewed by

Xie Zhibin Jiao Anqiang Hua Yunlong Hu Wensu Wan Liang Ai Hua and Yan Lin

Date 2006-03-15

Reviewed by

Qin Yan Date 2006-03-15

Approved by Date

Huawei Technologies Co Ltd All Rights Reserved


Revision Records Date Revised

version Description Author

2004-12-05

100 Initial transmittal Zhou Xinjie

2005-03-02

101 Revising it according to review Zhou Xinjie

2006-01-18

30 Simplifying tasks of RF optimization enhancing operability and adding content based on KPI optimization

He Fengming

2006-02-27

301 Replacing CQT method with indoor test Clarifying solution scale of interference and access problems Deleting content of removing neighbor cells updating RF optimization flow chat

He Fengming

2006-03-15

302 Removing content of repeaters and baseline Adding optimization target and method for SHO Factor based on DT updating partial cases adding cases for cluster division Combining blind coverage and coverage voids to weak coverage adding simple method for removing neighbor cells

He Fengming

2006-04-18

303 According to the review by change control board (CCB) changing the interval of VP tests to 15s adding other simple causes to imbalance of uplink and downlink correcting some grammatical mistakes

He Fengming

2006-05-13

31 Adding HSDPA-related content changing the RF optimization objectives of unloaded R99 and HSDPA networks in urban and suburban areas

Wu Yue and Wang Dekai


Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction to RF Optimization10

11 Contents of RF Optimization10 12 Document Structure10

Chapter 2 Basic Processes for RF Optimization12

21 Flow Chat of RF Optimization12 22 Detailed Sections of RF Optimization13

221 Test Preparations13 222 Data Collection14 223 Problem Analysis14

Chapter 3 Test Preparations16

31 Deciding Optimization Goal16 32 Dividing Clusters20 33 Deciding Test Route21 34 Preparing Tools and Data22

341 Preparing Software22 342 Preparing Hardware22 343 Preparing Data23

Chapter 4 Data Collection24

41 Drive Test25

411 DT Types25 412 Setting DT Indexes25

1) Start Genex Probe 13 software25 2) Select Configuration gt System Config gt Test Plan25 3) Set DT indexes as shown in Figure 4-125 Figure 4-1 Setting DT25

42 Indoor Test26 43 Collecting RNC Configuration Data26

Chapter 5 Coverage Problem Analysis28

51 Coverage Problem Types28

511 Weak coverage28 512 Cross-cell Coverage29 513 Unbalanced Uplink and Downlink30 514 No Primary Pilot30

52 Coverage Analysis Processes31

521 Downlink Coverage Analysis31 522 Uplink Coverage Analysis34

Figure 5-4 Distribution of UE transmit power35

53 Coverage Problem Cases36

531 Weak Coverage Cases Due to Improper Engineering Parameters36 532 Cross-cell Coverage Due to Improper NodeB Location37 533 Coverage Restriction Due to Improper Installation of Antennas39

Chapter 6 Pilot Pollution Problem Analysis41

61 Pilot Pollution Definition and Judgment Standards41

611 Definition41 612 Judgment Standards41

62 Causes and Influence Analysis41

621 Causes Analysis41 622 Influence Analysis43

63 Solutions to Pilot Pollution44

631 Antenna Adjustment44 632 PICH Power Adjustment45 633 Using RRU or Micro Cells46 W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading Without Permission Page 4 of 68

64 Process for Analyzing Pilot Pollution Problem48 65 Optimization Cases for Eliminating Pilot Pollution49

651 Data Analysis before Optimization49 652 Data Analysis after Optimization54

Chapter 7 Handover Problem Analysis56

71 Neighbor Cell Optimization56

711 DT Data Analysis56 712 Removing Redundant Neighbor Cells61

72 SHO Factor based on DT Analysis62

721 Definition of SHO Factor based on DT62 722 General Principles and Methods in Optimization62

Chapter 8 Adjustment Methods64 Chapter 9 Summary65 Chapter 10 Appendix Coverage Enhancement Technologies66

101 Coverage-enhancing Technologies66

1011 TMAs66 1012 Receive and Transmit Diversity66 1013 RRU66 1014 Micro Cells66

References68 W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading Without Permission Page 5 of 68

List of Tables

Table3-1 Listof RF optimization goals16

Table 3-2 Recommended software for RF optimization22

Table 3-3 Recommended hardware for RF optimization22

Table 3-4 Data to be collected before optimization23

Table 4-1 Configured parameters to be checked27


List of Figures Figure 2-1 RF optimization flow

chat13 Figure 3-1 Divided clusters in a

project21 Figure 4-1 Setting

DT25 Figure 5-1 RSCP for 1st Best

ServiceCell32 Figure 5-2 Distribution of pilot SC for the 1st Best

ServiceCell33 Figure 5-3 Analyzing comparison of UE and scanner

coverage34 Figure 5-4 Distribution of UE transmit

power35

Figure 5-5 Coverage near Xiajiao Sugar Plant (before optimization)36

Figure 5-6 Coverage near Xiajiao Sugar Plant (after optimization)37

Figure 5-7 Cross-cell coverage before optimization38

Figure 5-8 Few cross-cell coverage areas after optimization39

Figure 5-9 Coverage restriction due to antenna blocked by roof39

Figure 5-10 Optimizing antennas by adjusting feeders40

Figure 6-1 Pilot pollution due to improper antenna azimuth44

Figure 6-2 Pilot pollution due to improper antenna down tilt45

Figure 6-3 Pilot pollution due to improper distribution of cells46

Figure 6-4 Pilot pollution due to ambient factors47

Figure 6-5 Survey photo of each cell related to pilot pollution48

Figure 6-6 Pilot pollution near Yuxing Rd49

Figure 6-7 Best ServiceCell near Yuxing Rd50

Figure 6-8 The 2nd best ServiceCell near Yuxing Rd50

Figure 6-9 The 3rd best ServiceCell near Yuxing Rd51

Figure 6-10 The 4th best ServiceCell near Yuxing Rd51

Figure 6-11 Composition of pilot pollution near Yuxing Rd52

Figure 6-12 RSSI near Yuxing Rd52

Figure 6-13 RSCP of Best ServiceCell near Yuxing Rd53

Figure 6-14 RSCP of SC270 cell near Yuxing Rd53

Figure 6-15 Pilot pollution near Yuxing Rd after optimization54

Figure 6-16 Best ServiceCell near Yuxing Rd after optimization54

Figure 6-17 RSCP of best ServiceCell near Yuxing Rd after optimization55

Figure 6-18 RSCP of SC270 cell near Yuxing Rd after optimization55

Figure 7-1 Changing conditions for judging neighbor cells57

Figure 7-2 Generating neighbor cell analysis report by using Assistant58


Figure 7-3 Result of missing neighbor cells59

Figure 7-4 Variation of active set EcIo recorded by UE before call drop60

Figure 7-5 Variation of active set EcIo recorded by scanner before call drop60

Figure 7-6 RSCP for candidate of 4th Best ServiceCell63


W-RF Optimization Guide Key words WCDMA network optimization and RF optimization

Abstract This document describes tasks to be completed during RF optimization stage in WCDMA network optimization The tasks include RF optimization goal flow procedure input and output and precautions concerning RF optimization

Acronyms and abbreviations


Acronyms and abbreviations Full spelling

CPICH Common Pilot Channel

DT Drive Test

KPI Key Performance Indicator

MML Man Machine Language

OCNS Orthogonal Channel Noise Simulator

OMC Operation and Maintenance Center

PS Packet-Switched domain

RF Radio Frequency

RNC Radio Network Controller

RSCP Received Signal Code Power

RTWP Received Total Wideband Power

VIC Very Important Cell

VIP Very Important People

VP Video Phone

RNO Radio Network Planning

TMA Tower Mounted Amplifier

HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access

CQI Channel Quality Indicator W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading without Permission Page 10 of 68

1 Introduction to RF Optimization

During RF optimization stage as one of RNO you optimize radio frequency (RF) signals This aims to control pilot pollution and SHO Factor based on DT in optimizing signal coverage so that the distribution of radio signals is normal in next service parameters optimization stage

11 Contents of RF Optimization

RF optimization includes the following aspects 1048698Pilot signal coverage optimization It includes the following two parts

1048698Weak coverage optimization for ensuring seamless coverage by pilot signals in the network

1048698Primary pilot cell optimization for ensuring proper coverage areas by each primary pilot cell clear edge of primary pilot cells and that alternation of primary pilot cells is reduced as possible

1048698Pilot pollution optimization Pilot pollution refers to that excessive pilot of approximately equivalent strength cover an area without a primary pilot Pilot pollution might cause increasing of downlink interference call drop due to frequent handover low network capacity The problems must be solved by adjusting engineering parameters

1048698Handover optimization It consists of two parts 1048698Checking missing neighbor cells verifying and perfecting list of neighbor cells

solving handover call drop and downlink interference problems 1048698Ensuring proper SHO Factor based on DT by adjusting engineering

parameters properly

12 Document Structure

This document consists of the following chapters 1048698Chapter 1 Introduction to RF Optimization 1048698Chapter 2 Basic Processes for RF Optimization 1048698Chapter 3 Test Preparations 1048698Chapter 4 Data Collection 1048698Chapter 5 Coverage Problem Analysis 1048698Chapter 6 Pilot Pollution Problem Analysis

W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading without Permission Page 11 of 68

1048698Chapter 7 Handover Problem Analysis 1048698Chapter 8 Adjustment Methods 1048698Chapter 9 Summary

1048698Chapter 10 Appendix W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading without Permission Page 12 of 68

2 Basic Processes for RF Optimization

Once all the sites are installed and verification is complete RF optimization starts In some situations for a tight schedule RF optimization might start after the construction of partial sites is complete RF optimization is usually performed after 80 of total sites in a cluster are constructed RF optimization stage is one major stage of RNO It aims at the following aspects 1048698Optimizing signal coverage 1048698Control pilot pollution 1048698Control SHO Factor based on DT RF optimization also involves optimizing list of neighbor cells When the indexes like DT and traffic measurement after RF adjustment meets KPI requirements RF optimization stage ends Otherwise you must reanalyze data and adjust parameters repeatedly until all KPI requirements are met After RF optimization RNO comes to parameter optimization stage

21 Flow Chat of RF Optimization

RF optimization includes the following four parts 1048698Test preparations 1048698Data collection 1048698Problem analysis 1048698Parameter adjustment 0 shows the RF optimization flow chat


RF optimization flow chat

In 0 the data collection problem analysis and parameter adjustment might be repeatedly performed according to optimization goal and actual on-site situations until RF indexes meet KPI requirements

22 Detailed Sections of RF Optimization

221 Test Preparations

During test preparations proceed as below W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading Without Permission Page 14 of 68

Decide KPI goals for optimization according to the contract Divide clusters properly and decide test route with the operator The KPI test

acceptance route is especially important

Prepare tools and materials for RF optimization This ensures smooth RF optimization

222 Data Collection

Collect the following data 1048698UE and scanner data Collect UE and scanner data by the following methods

1048698DT 1048698Indoor test 1048698Signaling tracing

1048698Call data tracing at RNC side 1048698Configuration data The configuration data and the call data tracing help to locate

problems Data collection is a precondition for problem analysis

223 Problem Analysis

You can locate problems by analyzing collected data After analyzing coverage problems pilot pollution problems and handover problems provide corresponding adjustment solutions After adjustment test the adjustment result If the test result cannot meet KPI requirements reanalyze problems and readjust parameters until all KPI requirements are met Due to weak coverage pilot pollution and missing neighbor cells the following problems are related to location 1048698Downlink interference 1048698Access problems 1048698Call drop problems The previous problems occur regularly You can solve them by repeated optimization If the coverage is good pilot pollution and missing neighbor cells are not present the access and call drop problems need to be solved during parameter optimization stage You can refer to corresponding guidebooks The period for solving uplink interference problems (RTWP is over high but no high traffic matches it) is long even as long as the RF optimization ends For solutions see WCDMA Interference Solution Guide Output an updated list of engineering parameters and list of cell parameters after RF optimization The list of engineering parameters reflects adjustment of


engineering parameters (such as down tilt and azimuth) during RF optimization stage The list of cell parameters reflects the adjustment of cell parameters (such as neighbor cell configuration) during RF optimization stage


3 Test Preparations

Test preparations include the following four aspects 1048698Deciding optimization goal 1048698Dividing clusters 1048698Deciding DT route 1048698Preparing tools and data

31 Deciding Optimization Goal

The key of RF optimization is to solve problems as below 1048698Weak coverage 1048698Pilot pollution 1048698High SHO Factor based on DT Actually different operators might have different standards on KPI requirements index definition and attention Therefore the RF optimization goal is to meet the coverage and handover KPI requirements in the contract (commercial deployment offices) or planning report (trial offices) Define the indexes as required by contract as below The index definition is the percentage ratio of the sampling points with the index (such as CPICH EcIo) greater than the reference value in all sampling points Usually after RF optimization the network must meet the index requirements listed in 0 1048698Note 0 provides reference indexes only for guiding RNO engineers to clarify the RF optimization objectives not for actual project bidding Different projects may have different indexes The contract decides the actual indexes and values 0 lists the RF optimization objectives according to analysis of and suggestion to coverage by existing network

List of RF optimization objectives in R99 networks

Index Reference Remarks


CPICH EcIo ge ndash9dB

ge 97 in urban area

According to test result from the scanner in unloaded and outdoor conditions in planning coverage areas test in a grid-like route to cover all cells

ge 97 in suburban area

CPICH RSCP ge ndash95dBm

ge 98 in urban area

According to test result from the scanner in unloaded and outdoor conditions in planning coverage areas test in a grid-like route to cover all cells The coverage level request is basic If operators have penetration loss request add the penetration loss to the coverage level


SHO Factor based on DT

30ndash40 The SHO Factor based on DT should be 5 to 10 lower than the goal because the following optimizations cause the soft handover factor to increase

Pilot pollution ratio

le 5 ndash

The RF optimization of HSDPA services aims to improve the distribution of UE CQI According to theoretical analysis the CQI reported by UE and PCPICH EcNt have relationship as below CQIUE = EcNtPCPICH + MPO + 10log16 + 45dB Wherein 1048698Nt = (1- a) Ior + Ioc + No 1048698a is the orthogonal factor 1048698lor is the signals of serving cell 1048698loc is the interference signals from neighbor cells 1048698No is the thermal noise 1048698Io = Ior + Ioc + No

Therefore PCPICH EcNt is approximately equal to PCPICH EcIo MPO = Min (13CellMaxPower ndashPcpichPower ndash MPOConstant) The maximum transmit power of a cell is usually 43 dBm and the pilot channel power is 33 dBm When MPOConstant is 25 dB the default configuration by RNC the MPO is 75 dB W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading Without Permission Page 18 of 68

The 45 dB is obtained according to the linear relationship between the SNR of all the subscribers HS-PDSCHs and the corresponding CQIs Namely SNR = ndash45dB + CQIUE and SNR = EcNtHS-PDSCH + 10log16 When calculating CQIUE at UE side the UE assumes that the total transmit power of HS-PDSCH is PHS-DSCH = PPCPICH + MPO Wherein PPCPICH is the transmit power of

PCPICH Therefore EcNtHS-PDSCH = EcNtPCPICH + MPO As a result the CQI reported by UE is as below CQIUE = EcNtPCPICH + MPO + 10log16 + 45dB According to previous analysis the offset between CQIUE and PCPICH EcIo is 24 dB Therefore in terms of actual optimization to optimize CQI is to optimize EcIo Assume that the cell power is dynamically distributed between R99 and HSDPA networks After receiving CQIUE from UE the NodeB adjust the CQI as below The CQI adjusted by NodeB CQINodeB = ( Pcell - Pcommon ndash PR99 ndash PHS-SCCH ndash (PPCPICH + MPO ) + CQIUE

Wherein 1048698Pcell is the maximum transmit power of cell 1048698Pcommon is the CCH power of cell 1048698PR99 is the power of downlink associated DPCH for R99 or HSDPA subscribers 1048698PHS-SCCH is the HS-SCCH power

Assume 1048698Pcell = 43 dBm 1048698Pcommon is 20 of total power of cell 1048698No R99 subscribers are in the cell 1048698PR99 is too low to neglect 1048698PHS-SCCH is 5 of total power of cell

Therefore CQINodeB = 1 + CQIUE

According to experience in actual test based on the difference between the EcIo from scanner and the EcIo from UE reserve a margin of 1 dB At the edge of cell an HSDPA subscriber may occupy total power of cell so the throughput rate at cell edge is equivalent to the throughput rate at cell edge for the single subscriber

错误未找到引用源 lists the relationship among the CQI reported by UE pilot EcIo and throughput rate at MAC-HS layer (MPO = 75 dB) W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading Without Permission Page 19 of 68

Relationship among the CQI reported by UE pilot EcIo and throughput rate at MAC-HS layer

9 gt CQI 15 gt CQI ge 9 CQI ge 15

Subscribers feeling Poor Fair Good

throughput rate at MAC-HS layer for single subscriber

0ndash320 kpbs

320 kbps to139 Mbps

gt 139 Mbps

EcIo gt ndash15dB

ndash15dB to ndash9dB

ge ndash 9dB

The throughput rate provided in 错误未找到引用源 is based on the test in the following conditions

1048698The codes and lub are not restricted 1048698The category 12 UE has a subscribed rate of 2 Mpbs 1048698The subscribed type is background or interactive service 1048698Power is dynamically distributed Namely without R99 subscribers all the power is

used by the HSDPA subscriber to guarantee rate as high as possible 1048698According to the requirements on RF optimization of unloaded R99 network the

CPICH EcIo ge ndash9 dB After HSDPA is introduced power is dynamically distributed and the single HSDPA subscriber at cell edge uses all the power Meanwhile the downlink load reaches 90 and CPICH EcIo ge 155dB

If operators requirement on throughput rate at cell edge is not the recommended values as listed in 错误未找到引用源 search the required value in 0

0 lists the mapping relationship of HSDPA Catogory12 UE CQI and TB size The CQIs that is larger than 13 or smaller than 5 are excluded The rate at MAC-HS layer for the subscriber is (TBsize 2ms) (1 ndash BLER) wherein the BLER is 10

Mapping relationship of HSDPA Catogory12 UE CQI and TB size

CQI TB Size

5 365

6 365

7 365

8 711

9 711


10 1055

11 1405

12 1742

13 2083

As previously mentioned to optimize HSDPA is to optimize EcIo of target networks Therefore in terms of optimization method the HSDPA and R99 networks are consistent The following optimization flow will not distinguish HSDPA networks from R99 networks

32 Dividing Clusters

According to the features of UMTS technologies the coverage and capacity are interactional and the frequency reuse factor is 1 Therefore RF optimization must be performed on a group of or a cluster of NodeBs at the same time instead of performing RF optimization on single site one by one This ensures that interference from intra-frequency neighbor cells are considered during optimization Analyze the impact of the adjustment of an index on other sites before adjustment

Dividing clusters involves approval by the operator The following factors must be considered upon dividing clusters 1048698According to experiences the number of NodeBs in a cluster depends on the actual

situation 15ndash25 NodeBs in a cluster is recommended Too many or few NodeBs in a cluster is improper

1048698A cluster must not cover different areas of test (planning) full coverage services 1048698Refer to the divided clusters for network project maintenance of the operator 1048698Landform factor Landforms affect signal propagation Mountains block signal

propagation so they are natural borders for dividing clusters Rivers causes a longer propagation distance so they affect dividing clusters in various aspects If a river is narrow the signals along two banks will interact If the transportation between two banks allows divide sites along the two banks in the same cluster If a river is wide the upstream and downstream will interact In this situation the transportation between two banks is inconvenient dividing clusters by the bank according to actual situation

1048698A cell-like cluster is much usual than a strip-like cluster 1048698Administrative areas When the coverage area involves several administrative

areas divide W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading Without Permission Page 21 of 68

clusters according to administrative areas This is easily acceptable by the operator 1048698DT workload The DT must be performed within a day for a cluster A DT takes

about four hours 0 shows divided clusters in a project Divided clusters in a project

In 0 1048698JB03 and JB04 belongs to dense urban areas 1048698JB01 belongs to express way areas 1048698JB02 JB05 JB06 and JB07 belong to urban areas 1048698JB08 belongs to suburban area 1048698The number of NodeBs in a cluster is 18ndash22

33 Deciding Test Route

Confirm the KPI DT acceptance route with the operator before DT If the operator already has a decided DT acceptance route you must consider this upon deciding the KPI DT acceptance route If the objective factors like network layout cannot fully meet the coverage requirements of decided test route by the operator you must point this out The KPI DT acceptance route is the core route of RF optimization test routes Its optimization is the core of RF optimization The following tasks such as parameter optimization and acceptance are based on KPI DT acceptance route The KPI DT acceptance route must cover major streets important location VIP


and VIC The DT route should cover all cells as possible The initial test and final test must cover all cells If time is enough cover all streets in the planned area Use the same DT route in every test to compare performances more accurately Round-trip DT is performed if possible Consider actual factors like lanes and left-turn restriction while deciding test route Before negotiating with the operator communicate these factors with local drivers for whether the route is acceptable

34 Preparing Tools and Data

Prepare necessary software (listed in 0) hardware (listed in 0) and various data (listed in 0) because the following test and analysis are based on them

341 Preparing Software

0 lists the recommended software for RF optimization

Recommended software for RF optimization

No Software Function Remarks

1 Genex Probe

DT Above V13

2 Genex Assistant

Analyzing DT data and checking neighbor cells

Above V13

3 Genex Nastar

Analyzing performance checking health and locating problems

ndash

4 Mapinfo Displaying maps and generating route data

ndash

342 Preparing Hardware

0 lists the recommended hardware for RF optimization

Recommended hardware for RF optimization

No Device Specification Remarks

1 Scanner DTI Scanner ndash

2 Test terminal and data line

U626 E620 Qualcomm and so on

At least two test terminals If there is


HSDPA request use the data card E620 U626 does not support HSDPA

3 Laptop PM13G512M20GUSBCOMPRN ndash

4 Vehicle mounted inverter

DC to AC over 300W ndash

343 Preparing Data

0 lists the data to be collected before optimization

Data to be collected before optimization

No Needed data Whether is necessary

Remarks

1 List of engineering parameters

Yes ndash

2 Map Yes By Mapinfo or in paper

3 KPI requirements Yes ndash

4 Network configuration parameters

Yes ndash

5 Survey report No ndash

6 Single site verification checklist

No ndash

7 Floor plan of the target buildings

Yes For indoor test


4 Data Collection

During RF optimization stage the key is the optimization of radio signals distribution with the major means of DT and indoor test Before test confirm with the customer care engineers the following aspects 1048698Whether the target NodeBs RNCs and related CN are abnormal due to being

disabled blocked congested and transmission alarms 1048698Whether the alarms have negative impact on the validity of test result data If the

alarms exist solve the problems before test DT is a major test Collect scanner and UE data of radio signals by DT test The data is applicable in analyzing coverage handover and pilot pollution problems Indoor test involves the following areas 1048698Indoor coverage areas Indoor coverage areas include inside buildings department

stores and subways 1048698Inside areas of important facilities Inside areas of important facilities include

gymnasiums and government offices

1048698Areas required by the operator Areas required by the operator include VIC and VIP Test the previous areas to locate analyze and solve the RF problems Indoor test also involves in optimizing handover of indoor and outdoor intra-frequency inter-frequency and inter-system The DT and indoor test during RF optimization stage is based on VP service According to the contract (commercial deployment offices) and planning report (trial offices) if seamless coverage by VP service is impossible in areas such as suburban areas and rural areas the test is based on voice services For areas with seamless coverage by PS384K service or HSDPA service required by the contract (commercial deployment office) or planning report (trial office) such as office buildings press centers and hot spot areas the test is based on the above services


41 Drive Test

411 DT Types

According to different full coverage services in the planned areas DT might be one of the following 10486983G ONLY continuous call test by using scanner + unloaded VP According to

simulation result and experiences if the test result meets requirements on VP service coverage the test result will also meet identical coverage requirements of PS144K PS128K and PS64K services

10486983G ONLY continuous call test by using scanner + unloaded voice service 10486983G ONLY continuous call test by using scanner + unloaded PS384K 10486983G ONLY continuous call test by using scanner + unloaded HSDPA

412 Setting DT Indexes

The following paragraphs take VP service for example Setting DT indexes proceeds as below Start Genex Probe 13 software Select Configuration gt System Config gt Test Plan Set DT indexes as shown in 0For setting voice PS384K and HSDPA services see WCDMA Test Guide 31 Setting DT

For setting DT see the following table

Index Meaning

Enable Whether to implement this index True for implementation False


for non-implementation The recommended value is True

Call Number

Called number Whether the called terminal supports VP must be confirmed

Setup Time (s)

The maximum time for setting up calls It ranges from 20ndash30s The recommended value is 25s

Calling Time (s)

The time for a single call from call start to normal end of call Set it great enough according to actual DT route The recommended value is 99999s

Idle Time (s)

Call internal time The recommended value is 10s

Call Count

Total call times Set it great enough according to actual DT route The recommended value is 999 times

Collect call data tracing at RNC side while performing drive test This help to locate and analyze problems Data to be collected includes 1048698Traced signaling messages of single subscriber For the detailed description and

collection method of call tracing data see WCDMA Equipment Room Operations Guide

42 Indoor Test

GPS signals are unobtainable in door test Obtain the plan of the target area before test Indoor test consists of walking test and vertical test Perform walking test to obtain horizontal signals distribution inside buildings by selecting Indoor Measurement gt Walking Test Perform vertical test to obtain vertical signals distribution by selecting Indoor Measurement gt Vertical Test For the detailed method see WCDMA Test Guide 31 Indoor test services are services by seamless coverage required in the contract (commercial deployment office) or planning report (trial office) The method for indoor test and requirements on collecting call tracing data are the same as DT

43 Collecting RNC Configuration Data

During RF optimization stage collect neighbor cell data of network optimization and other data configured in RNC database In addition check whether the configured data is consistent with the previously checkedplanned data


While checking configured data feed back the improperly configured data (if found) to product support engineers During checking pay special attention to handover reselection parameters and power setting parameters as listed in 0

Configured parameters to be checked

Type Content to be checked

Handover reselection parameter

IntraFreqNCell (intra-frequency neighbor cell) InterFreqNCell (inter-frequency neighbor cell) InterRATNCell (inter-system neighbor cell)

Power configuration parameter

MaxAllowedULTxPower (maximum uplink transmit power of UE)PCPICHPower (PCPICH transmit power)

HSDPA cell configuration

Whether the HSDPA cell is activated HS-PDSCH code configuration HS-SCCH configuration HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH power configuration

For handover reselection parameters check list of neighbor cells including intra-frequency inter-frequency and inter-system neighbor cells Output an updated Radio Parameter Configuration Data Table and parameter revision records This is useful in problem analysis and following optimization stages Collecting data proceeds as below Start RNC LMT Collect MML scripts Convert neighbor cell configuration data in MML scripts to Excel files

by using Nastar Save the data in the format in which the data can be imported to

Assistant For details see WCDMA Equipment Room Operations Guide and Nastar User Manual W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading without Permission Page 28 of 68

5 Coverage Problem Analysis

Coverage problem analysis is key to RF optimization It involves signal distribution The coverage problems to be analyzed include 1048698Weak coverage 1048698Cross-cell coverage 1048698Unbalance uplink and downlink

1048698No primary pilot cell

51 Coverage Problem Types

511 Weak coverage

Introduction

Weak coverage refer to that the RSCP of pilot signals in a coverage area is smaller than ndash95 dBm It might be in 1048698Valley areas 1048698Hillside back 1048698Elevator well 1048698Tunnel 1048698Underground garage 1048698Basement 1048698Areas inside high buildings If the pilot signals are weaker than that required by full coverage services (such as VP and PS64K) or just meet the requirements if the PICH EcIo cannot meets the lowest requirements on full coverage services due to increased intra-frequency interference problems like difficult access of full coverage services will occur If the RSCP of pilot signals is weaker than that of minimum access threshold in a coverage area the UE cannot camp on the cell so the UE drops off the network due to failing in location updating and location registration

Solutions

For previous problems use the following methods 1048698Increase pilot transmit power adjust antenna down tilt and azimuth increase

antenna height use antennas with higher gain to optimize coverage W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading without Permission Page 29 of 68

1048698If subscribers are abundant in the non-overlapped areas of neighbor NodeBs or the non-overlapped areas are great construct new NodeBs or expand the coverage range of neighbor NodeBs This ensures a software handover area with enough great size Pay attention to that increasing of coverage areas might cause intra-frequency and inter-frequency interference

1048698Construct new NodeBs or add RRU in valley and hillside back areas with weak coverage to expand coverage range

1048698Use RRU indoor distributed system leakage cable and directional antenna to solve problems in signal dead zone like elevator well tunnel underground garage basement areas inside buildings

512 Cross-cell Coverage

Introduction

Cross-cell coverage refers to that the coverage range of some NodeBs is beyond the planned range and discontinuous primary pilot coverage areas form in coverage areas of other NodeBs For example if the NodeBs with a height much higher that the average height of adjacent buildings transmit signals along upland or roads over far a primary pilot coverage area form in the coverage area of other NodeBs an island forms Therefore if a call accesses the island and the nearby cells of the island is not configured as the neighbor cells call drops once the UE leaves the island Though

the nearby cells of the island is configured as the neighbor cells the island is over small call also drops due to delayed handover If the two-side areas along a gulf are improperly planned cross-cell coverage occurs on these areas due to short distance between two sides of the gulf Consequently interference occurs

Solutions

For the previous problems use the following methods 1048698For cross-cell coverage prevent antennas from transmitting signals straightforward

along roads or reduce cross-cell coverage areas by using sheltering effect of adjacent buildings Meanwhile you must avoid intra-frequency interference to other NodeBs

1048698For over high NodeBs change the site You might have difficulties in finding new sites due to property and equipment installation In addition too large mechanism down tilt causes aberration of antenna direction maps Therefore you can eliminate the island effect and reduce Node B coverage areas by adjusting pilot transmit power and using electric down tilt


513 Unbalanced Uplink and Downlink

Introduction

Unbalanced uplink and downlink refers to the following situations in uplink and downlink symmetric services 1048698The downlink coverage is good but the uplink coverage is restricted More specific

the UE transmit power reaches the maximum which still cannot meet uplink BLER requirements

1048698The downlink coverage is restricted More specific the downlink DCH transmit power reaches the maximum which still cannot meet downlink BLER requirements

If the uplink and downlink are unbalanced call drops easily The probable cause is restricted uplink coverage

Solutions

For the unbalanced uplink and downlink problems check for interference by monitoring RTWP alarms of NodeB For the method see WCDMA Interference Solution Guide Other causes may lead to unbalanced uplink and downlink such as 1048698Uplink and downlink gain of repeaters and interference amplifier are faulty 1048698In an RxTx detach system the Rx diversity antenna-feeder system is faulty 1048698Node B problems such as power amplifier failure For previous problems check the work state whether there are alarms whether it is normal Solve the problem by replacing NEs isolating faulty NEs and adjust NEs

514 No Primary Pilot

Introduction

No primary pilot areas refer to the areas where no primary pilot is or the primary cell changes frequently In no primary pilot areas UE hands over frequently so the system efficiency is lowered and probability of call drop increases

Solutions

In no primary pilot areas you can enhance the coverage by strong signals of a cell (or near cells) and reduce the coverage by weak signals of other cells (or far cells) by adjusting antenna down tilt and azimuth


52 Coverage Analysis Processes

521 Downlink Coverage Analysis

Downlink coverage analysis involves analyzing CPICH RSCP obtained by drive test The quality standard of CPICH RSCP must be combined with the optimization standard Assume that the optimization standard is as below

CPICH_RSCP ge ndash95 dBm

gt= 95

Scanner test result in outdoor unloaded conditions

The corresponding quality standard is 1048698Good if CPICH_RSCP ge ndash85 dBm 1048698Fair if ndash95 dBm le CPICH_RSCP lt ndash85 dBm 1048698Poor if CPICH_RSCP lt ndash95 dBm

Mark the areas with weak coverage or common seamless coverage of large areas for further analysis Mark the areas with downlink coverage voids analyze the distance relations with neighbor NodeBs and environments and check the following 1048698Whether the CPICH RSCP of neighbor sites is normal 1048698Whether coverage can be enhanced by adjusting antenna down tilt and azimuth

During adjusting antennas avoid new coverage voids while eliminating some coverage voids If the coverage voids cannot be eliminated by adjusting antennas construct sites to solve it

Analyzing Pilot Coverage Strength

Usually the strongest RSCP received by each scanner in the coverage area must be above ndash95 dBm Start Assistant Analyze scanner-based RSCP for 1st Best Service Cell and you can obtain the distribution of weak coverage area shown in 0 In 0 weak coverage areas with RSCP smaller than ndash95 dBm in the DT route According to scanner and UE the pilot RSCP is acceptable If the scanner antenna is mounted outside the car and the UE is inside the car there is a penetration loss of 5 to 7 dB Use scanner data to avoid incomplete pilot information measured by UE due to missing neighbor cells W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading Without Permission Page 32 of 68

RSCP for 1st Best Service Cell

Analyzing Primary Pilot Cell

Cell primary pilot analysis is analyzing cell scramble information obtained in DT The content to be checked include (by Assistant) 1048698Weak coverage cell Start Assistant Analyze scanner-based RSCP for SC and you

can obtain the signal distribution of each cell (scramble) According to DT data if the scramble signals of a cell are not present probably some sites cannot transmit signals during test If a cell cannot transmit signals during DT the DT of relative areas must be re-performed Very weak coverage might be result of blocked antennas so you must check the survey report of the site and check installation of on-site antennas No (poor) coverage cell might be due to that the DT route does not cover the cell coverage area In this case reevaluate the DT route for the rationality and perform DT again

1048698Cross-cell coverage cell Start Assistant Analyze scanner-based RSCP for SC and you can obtain the signal distribution of each cell (scramble) If the signals of a cell are widely distributed even in the neighbor cells and the cells next to its neighbor cells the signals of the cell is present the cell encounters a cross-cell coverage which might be due to over high site or improper down tilt of antenna The cross-cell coverage cells interferes neighbor cells so the capacity declines You can solve the problem by increasing the down tilt of antenna or lowering the height of antenna Avoid forming new weak coverage areas while solving cross-coverage problems Pay special


attention to the adjustment of engineering parameters which might cause coverage voids Be conservative that cross-cell coverage is better than coverage voids if no other choices are available

1048698No primary pilot cell Start Assistant Analyze scanner-based SC for 1st Best Service Cell and you can obtain the scramble distribution of the best cell If multiple best cells changes frequently in an cell the cell is a no primary pilot cell as shown in 0 No primary pilot cell forms due to the following causes 1048698Cross-cell non-seamless coverage due to over high site 1048698Pilot pollution in some areas 1048698Coverage voids at edges of coverage areas Therefore intra-frequency interferences forms which causes ping-pong handover and affects performances of service coverage

Distribution of pilot SC for the 1st Best ServiceCell

Analyzing comparison of UE and Scanner Coverage

Missing neighbor cells improper parameters of soft handover cell selection and reselection cause the consistent between scanner primary pilot cell and camped cell in idle mode or Best Service Cell in the active set in connection mode of UE After optimization the EcIo for 1st Best Service Cell of UE and scanner is consistent In addition the coverage map of UE is marked by clear bordering lines of Best Service Cell as 0 W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading without Permission Page 34 of 68

Analyzing comparison of UE and scanner coverage

522 Uplink Coverage Analysis

The corresponding quality standard is 1048698Good if CPICH_RSCP ge ndash85 dBm 1048698Fair if ndash95 dBm le CPICH_RSCP lt ndash85 dBm

Poor if CPICH_RSCP lt ndash95 dBm Uplink coverage analysis is analyzing UE transmit power obtained in DT The quality standards of UE transmit power must be combined with optimization standards Assume the optimization indexes of UE transmit power as below

UE_Tx_Power le 10 dBm

gt= 95

The test result of voice service by test handset Assume the

maximum transmit power of UE is 21 dBm

The defined corresponding quality standards are 1048698Good if UE_Tx_Power le 0 dBm 1048698Fair if 0 dBm lt UE_Tx_Power le 10 dBm 1048698Poor if UE_Tx_Power gt 10 dBm

For areas with poor index judge whether the increasing of UE transmit power is due to call drop or poor uplink coverage Geographically displayed on the map W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading without Permission Page 35 of 68

The former is as a point of sudden increment with call drop while the latter is an area with seamless coverage unnecessarily with call drop Mark the areas with weak coverage or large common seamless coverage for further analysis Check whether downlink CPICH RSCP coverage voids exist in the areas with uplink coverage voids Solve the problem with both uplink and downlink weak coverage by analyzing downlink coverage analysis If only the uplink coverage is poor without uplink interference (see WCDMA Interference Solution Guide) solve the problems by adjusting down tilt and azimuth of antenna and adding TMAs

Analyzing Uplink Interference

Check for uplink interference by tracing and analyzing RTWP data For details see WCDMA Interference Solution Guide

Distribution of UE Transmit Power

The distribution of UE transmit power reflects the distribution of uplink interference and uplink path loss In 0 UE transmit power is lower than 10 dBm normally Only when uplink interference and coverage area edge exist will the UE transmit power increase sharply to 21 dBm (Some UEs that support HSDPA such as E620 with a power class of 3 the maximum transmit power is 24 dBm) and the uplink is restricted Comparatively restricted uplink coverage occurs much easily in macro cells than in micro cells Distribution of UE transmit power


53 Coverage Problem Cases

531 Weak Coverage Cases Due to Improper Engineering Parameters

Phenomenon

In 0 the pilot RSCP is lower than ndash95 dBm in the marked red area This belongs to weak coverage which might cause call drop Coverage near Xiajiao Sugar Plant (before optimization)

Analysis

In 0 the problem lies in that Xiajiao Sugar Plant sector B mainly covers the marked area but Materials Building sector A partially covers the marked area Initially engineers consider enhancing the coverage of the marked area by adjusting the two cells According to the survey report other buildings opposite Materials Building prevent sector A from transmit signals so adjusting antenna fails to enhance the coverage of the areas

Solutions

Keep the parameter configuration of Materials Building sector A but adjust the azimuth of Xiajiao Sugar Plant sector B from 170deg to 165deg down tilt from 10deg to 8deg 0 shows the coverage near Xiajiao Sugar Plant (after optimization)


Coverage near Xiajiao Sugar Plant (after optimization)

In 0 the coverage in the marked area is enhanced clearly after adjusting engineering parameters of Xiajiao Sugar Plant

532 Cross-cell Coverage Due to Improper NodeB Location

Phenomenon

In a trial office the Erqi Rd NodeB is 60-meter high over 20 meters than nearby buildings This causes cross-cell coverage easily and brings intra-frequency interference to other NodeBs as shown in 0


Cross-cell coverage before optimization

Aanalysis

For a high NodeB problem adjust fixed electric down tilt of antenna from 2deg to 6deg Because the Erqi Rd NodeB is at the edge of network coverage reduce interferences to other NodeBs by adjusting antenna down tilt and azimuth In this case no equipment is removed Engineers solve the cross-cell coverage by increasing mechanism down tilt and adjusting azimuth

Solutions

After adjustment of down tilt to 4deg the most cross-cell coverage areas are eliminated with only few cross-cell coverage areas as shown in 0


Few cross-cell coverage areas after optimization

For similar high NodeBs you can combine adjustable down tilt of electric antenna and mechanism antenna to better control signal coverage

533 Coverage Restriction Due to Improper Installation of Antennas

Phenomenon

From 0 the antenna of a project is mounted on a roof (10-meter tall) Coverage restriction due to antenna blocked by roof


At the optimization stage after network construction in front of the traffic lights below antennas video quality declines due to VP mosaic and PS384K service is reactivated

Analysis

In terms of planning 3G and 2G antennas are mounted in a co-location site According to coverage test data of 2G antenna 2G signals does not fluctuate sharply under the site and under the traffic lights Namely if the 3G and 2G antennas are in the same location 3G signals will cover the areas around traffic lights The problem lies in that the 3G antenna is mounted too close to the wall on the roof and the wall blocks signals so the special installation conditions of antennas are not met In addition the 2G antenna and its installation parts affect the pattern of 3G antenna This changes the radiation pattern of 3G antenna According to the installation scene adjusting location of 3G antenna is difficult

Solutions

According to discussion between 2G and 3G engineers the minimum adjustment solution without affecting 2G coverage is as below Connect the 3G and 2G TXRX feeder to two feeders of outside wideband

polarization antenna Connect the 3G and 2G RX feeder to two feeders of inner wideband antenna 0 shows the connection Optimizing antennas by adjusting feeders


6 Pilot Pollution Problem Analysis

61 Pilot Pollution Definition and Judgment Standards

611 Definition

The pilot pollution is that excessive strong pilots exist in a point but no primary pilot is strong enough

612 Judgment Standards

Pilot pollution exists if all the following conditions are met 1048698The number of pilots that meet the following condition is more than ThN

CPICH_RSCP gt ThRSCP_Absolute

1048698(CPICH_RSCP1st - CPICH_RSCP(ThN +1)th)lt ThRSCP_Relative

Assume that ThRSCP_Absolute = ndash100 dBm ThN = 3 and ThRSCP_Relative = 5 dB and then pilot pollution exists if all the following conditions are met 1048698More than three pilots meet the following condition CPICH_RSCP gt ndash100 dBm 1048698(CPICH_RSCP1st - CPICH_RSCP4th) lt 5 dB

62 Causes and Influence Analysis

621 Causes Analysis

Ideally the signals in a cell is restricted within its planned range However the signals cannot reach the ideal state due to the following factors of radio environment 1048698Landform 1048698Building distribution 1048698Street distribution 1048698Waters Pilot pollution is the result of interaction among multiple NodeBs so it occurs in urban areas where NodeBs are densely constructed Normally typical areas where pilot pollution occurs easily include 1048698High buildings 1048698Wide streets


1048698Overhead structure 1048698Crossroad 1048698Areas round waters

Improper Cell Distribution

Due to restriction to site location and complex geographic environment cell distribution might be improper Improper cell distribution causes weak coverage of some areas and coverage by multiple strong pilots in same areas

Over High NodeB or Highly-mounted Antenna

If a NodeB is constructed in a position higher than around buildings most areas will be with in the line-of sight range Therefore signals are widely transmitted Over high site cause difficult control of cross-cell coverage which causes pilot pollution

Improper Antenna Azimuth

In a network with multiple NodeBs the antenna azimuth must be adjusted according to the following factors 1048698NodeB distribution of the entire network 1048698Coverage requirements 1048698Traffic volume distribution The sector azimuth of each antenna is set to cooperate with each other If the azimuth is improperly set 1048698Some factors might cover the same area This causes excessive pilot pollution 1048698Weak coverage exist in some areas without primary pilot The previous two situations might lead to pilot pollution Therefore you must adjust the antenna according to actual propagation

Improper Antenna Down Tilt

Setting antenna down tilt depends on the following factors 1048698Relative height to around environment 1048698Coverage range requirements 1048698Antenna types If the antenna down tilt is improper signals are received in the areas which are covered by this site Therefore interferences to other areas causes pilot pollution Even worse interferences might cause call drop


Improper PICH Power

When the NodeBs are densely distributed with a small planned coverage rang and the PICH power is over high the pilot covers an area larger than the planned area This causes pilot pollution

Ambient Factors

The signals cannot reach the planned state due to the following factors of radio environment 1048698Landform 1048698Building distribution 1048698Street distribution 1048698Waters The ambient factors include 1048698High buildings or mountains block signals from spreading The signals of a NodeB

to cover a target area are blocked by high buildings or mountains so the target area will have no primary pilot This causes pilot pollution

1048698Streets or waters influences signals When the antenna direction is pointing a street the coverage range is expanded by the street When the coverage range of a NodeB overlaps with the coverage range of other NodeBs pilot pollution occurs

1048698High buildings reflect signals When high glassed buildings stand near a NodeB they will reflect signals to the coverage range of other NodeBs This causes pilot pollution

622 Influence Analysis

Pilot pollution causes the following network problems

EcIo Deterioration

Multiple strong pilots interferes useful functional signals so Io increases EcIo decreases BLER increases and network quality declines

Call Drop Due to Handover

More than three strong pilots or no primary pilot exists in multiple pilots frequent handover occurs among these pilots This might cause call drop

Capacity Decline

The interference of the areas with pilot pollution increases the system capacity declines


63 Solutions to Pilot Pollution

631 Antenna Adjustment

According to the test change pilot signal strength of an area with pilot pollution by adjusting antenna down tilt and azimuth This changes the distribution of pilot signals in the area The principle for adjustment is enhancing primary pilot and weakening other pilots To enhance pilot coverage of an area adjust the antenna azimuth pointing the area To weakening pilot coverage of an area adjust the antenna azimuth pointing the opposite direction of the area Adjusting down tilt is similar You can increase the cell coverage range by reducing antenna down tilt and reduce cell coverage range by increasing antenna down tilt Adjusting antennas is restricted to a range If the down tilt is over small you might enhance cell coverage but causes cross-cell coverage If the down tilt is over large you might weaken cell coverage but you might change the antenna pattern 0 shows the pilot pollution due to improper antenna azimuth Pilot pollution due to improper antenna azimuth

In 0 the area marked in black encounters pilot pollution due to improper azimuth of the antenna of SC100 sector (scramble No is 100) The SC100 sector covers the area with an antenna azimuth of 90deg so the coverage is poor with weak signals and no primary pilot which cause pilot pollution After adjustment of the antenna azimuth from 90deg to 170deg the primary pilot signals become stronger and pilot pollution is eliminated 0 shows the pilot pollution due to improper antenna down tilt


Pilot pollution due to improper antenna down tilt

In 0 the area marked in blacked encounters pilot pollution due to improper antenna down tilt The down tilt of SC360 cell is 2deg so the coverage area is large cross-cell coverage is difficult to control and interferences to other areas form

After adjustment of antenna down tilt of SC360 cell from 2deg to 7deg the cross-cell coverage by SC360 cell is eliminated and pilot pollution is eliminated Some areas with pilot pollution is inapplicable to the previous adjustment You can use the following methods based on actual situation 1048698Change the antenna to a different type 1048698Add reflection device or isolation device 1048698Adjust installation position of antenna 1048698Adjust NodeB location

632 PICH Power Adjustment

Pilot pollution is caused by the coverage by multiple pilots A direct method to solve the problem is to form a primary pilot by increasing the power of a cell and decreasing the power of other cells An over large down tilt causes aberration of antenna pattern To reduce coverage range by pilot you can decrease PICH power Over small down tilt causes cross-cell coverage To increase coverage range by pilot you can increase PICH power Adjusting power and adjusting antenna must cooperate 0 shows the pilot pollution due to improper distribution of cells


Pilot pollution due to improper distribution of cells

In 0 1048698The distance between NodeB A and NodeB B is 1260 meters 1048698The distance between NodeB A and NodeB C is 2820 meters 1048698The distance between NodeB B and NodeB C is 2360 meters The distances is unbalanced so the pilot pollution is difficult to eliminate The optimization is to reduce weak pilot strength and eliminate pilot pollution detailed as below 1048698Ensure seamless coverage between cells by not adjusting transmit power of SC20

and SC30 cells 1048698Decrease the PICH power of SC10 SC40 and SC50 cells by 3 dB These cells

have little impact on seamless coverage

633 Using RRU or Micro Cells

If adjusting power and antenna is not effective to solving pilot pollution use RRU or micro cells Using RRU or micro cells aims to bring a strong-signal coverage in the area with pilot pollution so the relative strength of other signals decreases When a network expansion is necessary or more requirements is on network quality using RRU or micro cells is recommended Micro cells are used in traffic hot spot areas they support multiple carriers Micro cells are used if large


capacity is needed Compared with using RRU using micro cells is more expansive 0 shows pilot pollution due to ambient factors Pilot pollution due to ambient factors

The area marked in black encounters pilot pollution due to ambient factors The area is covered by SC60 cell of NodeB A SC110 cell or NodeB B and SC130 cell of NodeB C However shown in 0 hills prevent NodeB A from transmitting signals high buildings prevent NodeB B and NodeB C from transmitting signals so the signals from NodeB A NodeB B and NodeB C are weak On the contrary SC240 and SC250 cells of NodeB D have good propagation conditions in this direction Therefore the cross-cell coverage is serious and pilot pollution occurs


Survey photo of each cell related to pilot pollution

High buildings or hills blocks the area so no strong pilot is present in the area For this problem adjusting antenna down tilt has little effect on eliminating pilot pollution Instead adding RRU helps solve the problem

64 Process for Analyzing Pilot Pollution Problem

The process for analyzing pilot pollution problem proceeds as below Start Assistant Analyze scanner-based RSCP for 1st Best ServiceCell and EcIo for

1st Best ServiceCell Select the areas with high RSCP and poor EcIo as candidate areas with pilot pollution

Analyze scanner-based Whole PP Select the areas corresponding to candidate areas as the key areas with pilot pollution

Locate the cells that cause pilot pollution of the key areas Based on RSCP for 1st Best ServiceCell judge whether the pilot pollution is caused

by existence of multiple strong pilots or lack of a strong pilot For the former cause you can solve the problem by weakening other strong pilots For the latter cause you can solve the problem by strengthening some strong pilot

Analyze the RSCP and EcIo distribution of areas related to pilot pollution and confirm the cells that need eliminating the coverage of an area and that need enhancing the coverage of an area Based on the actual environment analyze the specific causes to pilot pollution (for analyzing causes see 621) For specific causes provide solutions to pilot pollution (for solution


see 63) While eliminating pilot pollution in an area consider the influence to other areas and avoid causing pilot pollution or coverage voids to other areas

Retest after adjustment Analyze RSCP EcIo and Whole PP If they cannot meet KPI requirements re-optimize the network by selecting new key areas until KPI requirements are met

1048698Note In the new optimization do not adjust the cells that was adjusted in last optimization You can add other key areas analyzed by Whole PP (the part that does not

correspond to the candidate areas)

65 Optimization Cases for Eliminating Pilot Pollution The following sections take an optimization by a project and describes the process for analyzing pilot pollution 1

651 Data Analysis before Optimization

Locating Pilot Pollution Point

0 shows the pilot pollution point near Yuxing Rd SC270 cell is planned to cover the area with pilot pollution Pilot pollution near Yuxing Rd

1 No new complete case is available so an old case is used here The future version will provide new cases W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading Without Permission Page 50 of 68

Analyzing Signal Distribution of Cells Near Pilot Pollution Point

Best ServiceCell near Yuxing Rd

The 2nd best ServiceCell near Yuxing Rd


The 3rd best ServiceCell near Yuxing Rd

The 4th best ServiceCell near Yuxing Rd


Composition of pilot pollution near Yuxing Rd

From 0 0 0 0 and 0 though SC20 cell is planned to cover the area but the best ServiceCell is as listed in the following table

Best ServiceCell Primary Others

1st best ServiceCell SC220 SC260 and SC270

2nd best ServiceCell SC270 SC260 SC220 and SC200

3rd best ServiceCell SC200 SC270 and SC260

4th best ServiceCell SC200 SC270 and SC260

Analyzing RSSI Distribution Near Pilot Pollution Point

0 shows the RSSI near Yuxing Rd RSSI near Yuxing Rd

0 shows the RSCP of Best ServiceCell near Yuxing Rd W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading Without Permission Page 53 of 68

RSCP of Best ServiceCell near Yuxing Rd

As shown in 0 the RSSI of the areas with pilot pollution is not large about ndash100 dBm to ndash90 dBm As shown in 0 the RSCP of Best ServiceCell is between ndash105 dBm to ndash100 dBm The pilot pollution of the area is caused by no strong pilot so you can solve the problem by strengthening a strong pilot

Analyzing RSCP Distribution of Related Cells

0 shows the RSCP of SC270 cell near Yuxing Rd RSCP of SC270 cell near Yuxing Rd

The SC270 cell is planned to cover the area 0 shows RSCP of RSCP distribution of SC270 cell The signals from SC270 cell are weak in the area with pilot pollution According to on-site survey the residential area is densely distributed by 6-floor or 7-floor buildings The test route fails to cover the major streets and is W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading Without Permission Page 54 of 68

performed in narrow streets with buildings around so the signals are blocked The suggestion is to adjust the azimuth of SC270 cell from 150deg to 130deg and the down tilt from 5deg to 3deg This enhances the coverage of SC270 cell

652 Data Analysis after Optimization After analysis of DT data the expected result after adjustment is that the coverage area by SC270 cell increases and the coverage is enhanced 0 shows the pilot pollution near Yuxing Rd after optimization Pilot pollution near Yuxing Rd after optimization

0 shows the best ServiceCell near Yuxing Rd after optimization Best ServiceCell near Yuxing Rd after optimization

0 shows the RSCP of best ServiceCell near Yuxing Rd after optimization W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading Without Permission Page 55 of 68

RSCP of best ServiceCell near Yuxing Rd after optimization

0 shows the RSCP of SC270 cell near Yuxing Rd after optimization RSCP of SC270 cell near Yuxing Rd after optimization

According to the DT data the pilot pollution near Yuxing Rd after optimization is eliminated the signals from SC270 cell after optimization are stronger and the SC270 becomes the best ServiceCell This complies with the expected result


7 Handover Problem Analysis

During RF optimization stage the involved handover problem is about neighbor cell optimization and SHO Factor based on DT control Control the size and location of handover areas by adjusting RF parameters You can eliminate handover call drop due to sharp fluctuation and increase handover success rate For other handover problems see WCDMA Handover and Call Drop Problem Optimization Guide

71 Neighbor Cell Optimization

The neighbor cell optimization includes adding and removing neighbor cells Missing neighbor cells causes that a strong-pilot cell cannot be listed into the active set so the interference increases as strong as call drop occurs For missing neighbor cell you must add necessary neighbor cells Redundant neighbor cells causes that the neighbor cell information is excessive and unnecessary signals cost occurs When the neighbor cell list is fully configured the needed neighbor cell cannot be listed For this problem remove redundant neighbor cells During RF optimization stage missing neighbor cell is a key problem The methods for adding neighbor cells are listed below

711 DT Data Analysis

Scanner Data Analysis

The daemon analysis tools can usually check for missing neighbor cells The principle is as below 1048698Compare the pilots scanned by scanner and the configured pilots of neighbor cell

list 1048698Locate these pilot scrambles that meet the handover conditions and that are not in

the neighbor cell list Output them as a missing neighbor cell report The following checks and methods related to missing neighbor cells are based on Assistant Type information about NodeB and neighbor cells For details see Assistant User

Manual W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading Without Permission Page 57 of 68

Decide conditions for judging neighbor cells Change the conditions for judging neighbor cells by selecting Modify Dataset Property The default configuration is that if the difference between the pilot of candidate cell and the base cell is within 5 dB the candidate cell can be listed as a neighbor cell The configuration must comply with the actual configuration of system (overall parameters) as shown in 0

Changing conditions for judging neighbor cells

The parameters and meanings are as below (according to default configuration of RNC15 you just list the parameters to be changed)


Generate a missing neighbor cell report Generating neighbor cell analysis report by using Assistant

Proceed as shown in 0 the Assistant generates a neighbor cell analysis report in the format of Excel This Excel-formatted report contains four sheets Scanner Statistic Scanner Result Imported Config and Scanner vs Config Wherein the Scanner vs Config sheet is for comparing neighbor cells generated by scanner and the configured neighbor cells 0 shows the result of missing neighbor cells W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading Without Permission Page 59 of 68

Result of missing neighbor cells

For the missing neighbor cells generated automatically by Assistant you must check according to the location information of the cell on the map whether to add the missing neighbor cells to the neighbor cell list For the missing neighbor cells due to cross-cell coverage the primary task is to solve coverage problem by adjusting RF parameters If this fails you can temporarily solve the problem by adding neighbor cells

UE Data Analysis

The daemon analysis tool can seldom analyze UE data automatically and generate missing neighbor cells so RNO engineers must analyze the missing neighbor cells one by one for confirmation Missing neighbor cell might cause call drop or access failure or cause EcIo to deteriorate for a period Based on data analysis by scanner you can easily locate these points with missing neighbor cells detailed as below Compare the active set EcIo distribution diagram measured by UE and that

measured by scanner The spots with missing neighbor cells has a poor EcIo measured by UE and a strong EcIo scanned by scanner Locate the areas for further analysis

Check the points with poor EcIo and check whether the strongest scramble by scanner is neither in active set nor in monitoring set If yes move to the third step for confirmation If the scramble exists in the monitoring set the problem is not about missing neighbor cell but about EcIo deterioration due to handover (reselection) delay and soft handover failure


Check the latest intra-frequency measurement control whether the neighbor cell list contains the strong scrambles by scanner You can also directly check the neighbor cells continuation of the base cell under the RNC for deciding missing neighbor cells

The following paragraphs describes a case about call drop due to missing neighbor cell Check the EcIo coverage information of active set measured by UE and you can find that the EcIo of the active set is weak near call drop point and the signals are as weak as lower than ndash15 dB The base cell is SC209 cell as shown in 0 Variation of active set EcIo recorded by UE before call drop

You also need to check data from scanner about the call drop point for the points with poor signals The signals from SC128 cell measured by scanner is strong as shown in 0 Variation of active set EcIo recorded by scanner before call drop


From 0 and 0 SC128 encounters missing neighbor cell For confirmation check the message process behind to front for intra-frequency measurement control message Check whether SC128 exists in the list of intra-frequency neighbor cells The result is that SC128 is not in the list of intra-frequency neighbor cells therefore the call drop is caused by missing neighbor cell If only UE recorded data in the test without data from scanner confirm by the following method whether the problem is caused by missing neighbor cell Check scrambles of all cells listed in active set measured by UE before call drop Check scramble information of the cell where UE camps again after call drop and

check whether the scrambles are in active set and monitoring set before call drop If yes the call drop might be due to missing neighbor cell

Check the list of neighbor cells

712 Removing Redundant Neighbor Cells

According to the protocol the maximum WCDMA neighbor cells is 32 The base cell itself is also included in the intra-frequency neighbor cell list so the actual intra-frequency neighbor cell is 31 at most If there are already 31 or more neighbor cells adding necessary neighbor cells in optimization is difficult Therefore you must remove some redundant neighbor cells

Principles

You must be very careful to remove redundant neighbor cells If the necessary neighbor cells are removed problems like call drop occur Therefore follow the principles below 1048698Before removing neighbor cells check the revision records of neighbor cells

whether the neighbor cells to be removed are those that were added in previous DT and optimization

1048698After removing neighbor cells perform comprehensive test including DT and call quality test (CQT) in important indoor spots and check for abnormalities If there are abnormalities restore the data configuration

Possible Removals

During RF optimization stage you might remove neighbor cells in the following situations 1048698Remove the neighbor cells related to cross-cell coverage on the precondition that

the cross-cell coverage problem is solved and no new weak coverage areas are appear

1048698Remove neighbor cells according to experiences while referring to the network topology structure This applies to that the original neighbor cell list

W-RF Optimization Operations Guide For internal use only 2006-01-18 Huawei Confidential No Spreading Without Permission Page 62 of 68 2 Further research will be on how to define the range of difference of SHO Factor based on DT between RF optimization and KPI

is full and new neighbor relations must be added Perform test after removal and confirm that the removal does not cause bigger problems Otherwise you must reselect the neighbor cells to be removed

In the later stages you can refer to removing traffic measurement statistics For details see WCDMA Handover and Call Drop Problem Optimization Guide

72 SHO Factor based on DT Analysis

721 Definition of SHO Factor based on DT

According to the DT data from scanner you can obtain the SHO Factor based on DT defined as below

DTin points collected-scanner totalofNumber conditionshandover meet the that DTin points collected-scanner ofNumber ＝RatioHandoverSoft

No subscribers are using the network during RF optimization stage so UE DT data of entire network in a time is used and geographically averaged by 5 meters You can obtain the ratio of the points in soft handover state to all DT points Set the scanner consistent to the system parameters with default configuration such as 1A and 1B threshold

722 General Principles and Methods in Optimization

The SHO Factor based on DT during RF optimization stage must be 5ndash102 lower than the KPI target value because the following optimizations cause SHO Factor based on DT to increase and brings difficulties in ensuring traffic measurement SHO Factor based on DT At the end of large-scale coverage optimization and pilot pollution optimization the SHO Factor based on DT will be within or close to the target range Upon this no specific optimization on SHO Factor based on DT is necessary and you can adjust the ratio during parameter optimization If the SHO Factor based on DT still cannot meet the requirements after large-scale adjustment you must optimize the SHO Factor based on DT If the SHO Factor based on DT is over large decrease or change the handover areas by using the following methods for shrinking coverage areas 1048698Increase the down tilt


1048698Adjust azimuth 1048698Decrease the antenna height 1048698Decrease the PICH power The precondition for adjustment is that the adjustment will not cause new coverage voids coverage blind zone and more pilot pollution The adjustment proceeds as below Start Assistant Analyze scanner-based RSCP for 4th Best ServiceCell and RSCP for 3rd Best

ServiceCell Select candidate cells in the 4th Best ServiceCell and 3rd Best ServiceCell 0 shows

the RSCP for the candidates in 4th Best ServiceCell List the SC136 cell as a candidate cell

At this stage the pilot pollution comes to an end RSCP for 3rd Best ServiceCell is more useful in terms of reference Select the sites or cells to which the adjustment is applicable and does not break the preconditions If the actual SHO Factor based on DT after adjustment is still different from the KPI one select candidate cells from RSCP for 2nd Best ServiceCell The sites are densely distributed in microcell coverage areas so the SHO Factor based on DT is much higher RSCP for candidate of 4th Best ServiceCell


8 Adjustment Methods

The adjustment during RF optimization stage include adjusting neighbor cell list and adjusting engineering parameters Most coverage and interference problems can be solved after adjusting the following site engineering parameters (from superior to inferior) Adjust antenna down tilt Adjust antenna azimuth Adjust antenna height Adjust antenna location Change antenna type Add TMAs Change site type (such as changing a site supporting 20 W power amplifier to a site

supporting 40 W power amplifier) Change site location Construct new site or add RRU


9 Summary

This document describes the content of RF optimization in network optimization RF optimization concern the improvement of signal distribution and it helps to provide a good radio signal environment for the following parameter optimization The test during RF optimization is usually DT with other tests as supplementary The problems to be analyzed during RF optimization is primarily about coverage pilot pollution and handover with problem as supplementary RF optimization help to solve handover call drop access and interference problems The parameters to be adjusted during RF optimization are primarily engineering parameters Cell parameters are adjusted during parameter optimization stage (excluding adjusting neighbor cell list) This document is mainly for RF optimization of new network How to optimize an existing network for expansion needs further tracing The methods for optimize SHO Factor based on DT and the judgment conditions for removing neighbor cells are still under research and they will be supplemented in the future versions


10 Appendix Coverage Enhancement Technologies

101 Coverage-enhancing Technologies

1011 TMAs

Using TMAs helps to reduce the total noise figure of NodeB receiver subsystem so the uplink coverage performance is improved The coverage gain depends on the mechanism of receiver subsystem and loss of related feeders If the system downlink capacity is restricted using TMAs will shrink system capacity The typical capacity shrinkage is 6ndash10

1012 Receive and Transmit Diversity

Increase the number and improve the quality of RAKE receivers of UE by using time switched transmit diversity (TSTD) and space and time transmit diversity (STTD) in the downlink Therefore the coverage range is expanded system capacity increases and the number of NodeBs decreases Using four-antenna receiver diversity reduces requirements on EbNo needed in demodulation In line of sight compared with the gains of 2 antennas with 2 receiver diversity the gain of 2 antennas with 4 receiver diversity is 25ndash30 dB You can adjust the uplink sensitivity by 25ndash30 dB and reduce the sites by 25ndash30

1013 RRU

Remote radio unit (RRU) physically detach NodeB RF module from baseband module so you can place RF module afar without using very long feeders The uplink and downlink link budget is improved Remote RF indicates that the coverage performance is improved but the system capacity remains the same Compared with remote RF using TMAs increases maximum path loss and lowers NodeB EIRP due to bringing insertion loss

1014 Micro Cells

NodeBs are densely distributed in urban and dense urban areas so selecting a site is difficult Using micro cells is a solution to high capacity and caters for urban and dense urban environment A feature of using micro cells is that buildings are


used to block signals so that the interference from neighbor cells is lowered and downlink capacity is increased


References [1] GENEX Probe Radio Air Interface Test Software User Manual [2] GENEX Nastar WC MA User Manual (DCHN)

2006-03-15

302 Removing content of repeaters and baseline Adding optimization target and method for SHO Factor based on DT updating partial cases adding cases for cluster division Combining blind coverage and coverage voids to weak coverage adding simple method for removing neighbor cells

He Fengming

2006-04-18

303 According to the review by change control board (CCB) changing the interval of VP tests to 15s adding other simple causes to imbalance of uplink and downlink correcting some grammatical mistakes

He Fengming

2006-05-13

31 Adding HSDPA-related content changing the RF optimization objectives of unloaded R99 and HSDPA networks in urban and suburban areas

Wu Yue and Wang Dekai


Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction to RF Optimization10

11 Contents of RF Optimization10 12 Document Structure10

Chapter 2 Basic Processes for RF Optimization12

21 Flow Chat of RF Optimization12 22 Detailed Sections of RF Optimization13

221 Test Preparations13 222 Data Collection14 223 Problem Analysis14

Chapter 3 Test Preparations16

31 Deciding Optimization Goal16 32 Dividing Clusters20 33 Deciding Test Route21 34 Preparing Tools and Data22



41 Drive Test25






























List of Tables














power35







































DT Drive Test






RF Radio Frequency






VP Video Phone














parameters properly



















222 Data Collection










3 Test Preparations








ge 97 in urban area




ge 98 in urban area






le 5 ndash














0ndash320 kpbs

320 kbps to139 Mbps

gt 139 Mbps

EcIo gt ndash15dB


ge ndash 9dB








CQI TB Size

5 365

6 365

7 365

8 711

9 711


10 1055

11 1405

12 1742

13 2083























1 Genex Probe

DT Above V13

2 Genex Assistant


Above V13

3 Genex Nastar


ndash


ndash














343 Preparing Data




Remarks


Yes ndash




Yes ndash



No ndash


Yes For indoor test


4 Data Collection








41 Drive Test

411 DT Types







Index Meaning




Call Number


Setup Time (s)


Calling Time (s)


Idle Time (s)


Call Count




42 Indoor Test





















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells








41 Drive Test25






























List of Tables














power35







































DT Drive Test






RF Radio Frequency






VP Video Phone














parameters properly



















222 Data Collection










3 Test Preparations








ge 97 in urban area




ge 98 in urban area






le 5 ndash














0ndash320 kpbs

320 kbps to139 Mbps

gt 139 Mbps

EcIo gt ndash15dB


ge ndash 9dB








CQI TB Size

5 365

6 365

7 365

8 711

9 711


10 1055

11 1405

12 1742

13 2083























1 Genex Probe

DT Above V13

2 Genex Assistant


Above V13

3 Genex Nastar


ndash


ndash














343 Preparing Data




Remarks


Yes ndash




Yes ndash



No ndash


Yes For indoor test


4 Data Collection








41 Drive Test

411 DT Types







Index Meaning




Call Number


Setup Time (s)


Calling Time (s)


Idle Time (s)


Call Count




42 Indoor Test





















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells
























List of Tables














power35







































DT Drive Test






RF Radio Frequency






VP Video Phone














parameters properly



















222 Data Collection










3 Test Preparations








ge 97 in urban area




ge 98 in urban area






le 5 ndash














0ndash320 kpbs

320 kbps to139 Mbps

gt 139 Mbps

EcIo gt ndash15dB


ge ndash 9dB








CQI TB Size

5 365

6 365

7 365

8 711

9 711


10 1055

11 1405

12 1742

13 2083























1 Genex Probe

DT Above V13

2 Genex Assistant


Above V13

3 Genex Nastar


ndash


ndash














343 Preparing Data




Remarks


Yes ndash




Yes ndash



No ndash


Yes For indoor test


4 Data Collection








41 Drive Test

411 DT Types







Index Meaning




Call Number


Setup Time (s)


Calling Time (s)


Idle Time (s)


Call Count




42 Indoor Test





















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells









List of Tables














power35







































DT Drive Test






RF Radio Frequency






VP Video Phone














parameters properly



















222 Data Collection










3 Test Preparations








ge 97 in urban area




ge 98 in urban area






le 5 ndash














0ndash320 kpbs

320 kbps to139 Mbps

gt 139 Mbps

EcIo gt ndash15dB


ge ndash 9dB








CQI TB Size

5 365

6 365

7 365

8 711

9 711


10 1055

11 1405

12 1742

13 2083























1 Genex Probe

DT Above V13

2 Genex Assistant


Above V13

3 Genex Nastar


ndash


ndash














343 Preparing Data




Remarks


Yes ndash




Yes ndash



No ndash


Yes For indoor test


4 Data Collection








41 Drive Test

411 DT Types







Index Meaning




Call Number


Setup Time (s)


Calling Time (s)


Idle Time (s)


Call Count




42 Indoor Test





















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells












































DT Drive Test






RF Radio Frequency






VP Video Phone














parameters properly



















222 Data Collection










3 Test Preparations








ge 97 in urban area




ge 98 in urban area






le 5 ndash














0ndash320 kpbs

320 kbps to139 Mbps

gt 139 Mbps

EcIo gt ndash15dB


ge ndash 9dB








CQI TB Size

5 365

6 365

7 365

8 711

9 711


10 1055

11 1405

12 1742

13 2083























1 Genex Probe

DT Above V13

2 Genex Assistant


Above V13

3 Genex Nastar


ndash


ndash














343 Preparing Data




Remarks


Yes ndash




Yes ndash



No ndash


Yes For indoor test


4 Data Collection








41 Drive Test

411 DT Types







Index Meaning




Call Number


Setup Time (s)


Calling Time (s)


Idle Time (s)


Call Count




42 Indoor Test





















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells




















DT Drive Test






RF Radio Frequency






VP Video Phone














parameters properly



















222 Data Collection










3 Test Preparations








ge 97 in urban area




ge 98 in urban area






le 5 ndash














0ndash320 kpbs

320 kbps to139 Mbps

gt 139 Mbps

EcIo gt ndash15dB


ge ndash 9dB








CQI TB Size

5 365

6 365

7 365

8 711

9 711


10 1055

11 1405

12 1742

13 2083























1 Genex Probe

DT Above V13

2 Genex Assistant


Above V13

3 Genex Nastar


ndash


ndash














343 Preparing Data




Remarks


Yes ndash




Yes ndash



No ndash


Yes For indoor test


4 Data Collection








41 Drive Test

411 DT Types







Index Meaning




Call Number


Setup Time (s)


Calling Time (s)


Idle Time (s)


Call Count




42 Indoor Test





















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells






VP Video Phone














parameters properly



















222 Data Collection










3 Test Preparations








ge 97 in urban area




ge 98 in urban area






le 5 ndash














0ndash320 kpbs

320 kbps to139 Mbps

gt 139 Mbps

EcIo gt ndash15dB


ge ndash 9dB








CQI TB Size

5 365

6 365

7 365

8 711

9 711


10 1055

11 1405

12 1742

13 2083























1 Genex Probe

DT Above V13

2 Genex Assistant


Above V13

3 Genex Nastar


ndash


ndash














343 Preparing Data




Remarks


Yes ndash




Yes ndash



No ndash


Yes For indoor test


4 Data Collection








41 Drive Test

411 DT Types







Index Meaning




Call Number


Setup Time (s)


Calling Time (s)


Idle Time (s)


Call Count




42 Indoor Test





















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells




















222 Data Collection










3 Test Preparations








ge 97 in urban area




ge 98 in urban area






le 5 ndash














0ndash320 kpbs

320 kbps to139 Mbps

gt 139 Mbps

EcIo gt ndash15dB


ge ndash 9dB








CQI TB Size

5 365

6 365

7 365

8 711

9 711


10 1055

11 1405

12 1742

13 2083























1 Genex Probe

DT Above V13

2 Genex Assistant


Above V13

3 Genex Nastar


ndash


ndash














343 Preparing Data




Remarks


Yes ndash




Yes ndash



No ndash


Yes For indoor test


4 Data Collection








41 Drive Test

411 DT Types







Index Meaning




Call Number


Setup Time (s)


Calling Time (s)


Idle Time (s)


Call Count




42 Indoor Test





















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells







222 Data Collection










3 Test Preparations








ge 97 in urban area




ge 98 in urban area






le 5 ndash














0ndash320 kpbs

320 kbps to139 Mbps

gt 139 Mbps

EcIo gt ndash15dB


ge ndash 9dB








CQI TB Size

5 365

6 365

7 365

8 711

9 711


10 1055

11 1405

12 1742

13 2083























1 Genex Probe

DT Above V13

2 Genex Assistant


Above V13

3 Genex Nastar


ndash


ndash














343 Preparing Data




Remarks


Yes ndash




Yes ndash



No ndash


Yes For indoor test


4 Data Collection








41 Drive Test

411 DT Types







Index Meaning




Call Number


Setup Time (s)


Calling Time (s)


Idle Time (s)


Call Count




42 Indoor Test





















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells






3 Test Preparations








ge 97 in urban area




ge 98 in urban area






le 5 ndash














0ndash320 kpbs

320 kbps to139 Mbps

gt 139 Mbps

EcIo gt ndash15dB


ge ndash 9dB








CQI TB Size

5 365

6 365

7 365

8 711

9 711


10 1055

11 1405

12 1742

13 2083























1 Genex Probe

DT Above V13

2 Genex Assistant


Above V13

3 Genex Nastar


ndash


ndash














343 Preparing Data




Remarks


Yes ndash




Yes ndash



No ndash


Yes For indoor test


4 Data Collection








41 Drive Test

411 DT Types







Index Meaning




Call Number


Setup Time (s)


Calling Time (s)


Idle Time (s)


Call Count




42 Indoor Test





















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells







ge 98 in urban area






le 5 ndash














0ndash320 kpbs

320 kbps to139 Mbps

gt 139 Mbps

EcIo gt ndash15dB


ge ndash 9dB








CQI TB Size

5 365

6 365

7 365

8 711

9 711


10 1055

11 1405

12 1742

13 2083























1 Genex Probe

DT Above V13

2 Genex Assistant


Above V13

3 Genex Nastar


ndash


ndash














343 Preparing Data




Remarks


Yes ndash




Yes ndash



No ndash


Yes For indoor test


4 Data Collection








41 Drive Test

411 DT Types







Index Meaning




Call Number


Setup Time (s)


Calling Time (s)


Idle Time (s)


Call Count




42 Indoor Test





















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells
















0ndash320 kpbs

320 kbps to139 Mbps

gt 139 Mbps

EcIo gt ndash15dB


ge ndash 9dB








CQI TB Size

5 365

6 365

7 365

8 711

9 711


10 1055

11 1405

12 1742

13 2083























1 Genex Probe

DT Above V13

2 Genex Assistant


Above V13

3 Genex Nastar


ndash


ndash














343 Preparing Data




Remarks


Yes ndash




Yes ndash



No ndash


Yes For indoor test


4 Data Collection








41 Drive Test

411 DT Types







Index Meaning




Call Number


Setup Time (s)


Calling Time (s)


Idle Time (s)


Call Count




42 Indoor Test





















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells












CQI TB Size

5 365

6 365

7 365

8 711

9 711


10 1055

11 1405

12 1742

13 2083























1 Genex Probe

DT Above V13

2 Genex Assistant


Above V13

3 Genex Nastar


ndash


ndash














343 Preparing Data




Remarks


Yes ndash




Yes ndash



No ndash


Yes For indoor test


4 Data Collection








41 Drive Test

411 DT Types







Index Meaning




Call Number


Setup Time (s)


Calling Time (s)


Idle Time (s)


Call Count




42 Indoor Test





















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells

























1 Genex Probe

DT Above V13

2 Genex Assistant


Above V13

3 Genex Nastar


ndash


ndash














343 Preparing Data




Remarks


Yes ndash




Yes ndash



No ndash


Yes For indoor test


4 Data Collection








41 Drive Test

411 DT Types







Index Meaning




Call Number


Setup Time (s)


Calling Time (s)


Idle Time (s)


Call Count




42 Indoor Test





















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells























1 Genex Probe

DT Above V13

2 Genex Assistant


Above V13

3 Genex Nastar


ndash


ndash














343 Preparing Data




Remarks


Yes ndash




Yes ndash



No ndash


Yes For indoor test


4 Data Collection








41 Drive Test

411 DT Types







Index Meaning




Call Number


Setup Time (s)


Calling Time (s)


Idle Time (s)


Call Count




42 Indoor Test





















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells











1 Genex Probe

DT Above V13

2 Genex Assistant


Above V13

3 Genex Nastar


ndash


ndash














343 Preparing Data




Remarks


Yes ndash




Yes ndash



No ndash


Yes For indoor test


4 Data Collection








41 Drive Test

411 DT Types







Index Meaning




Call Number


Setup Time (s)


Calling Time (s)


Idle Time (s)


Call Count




42 Indoor Test





















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells








343 Preparing Data




Remarks


Yes ndash




Yes ndash



No ndash


Yes For indoor test


4 Data Collection








41 Drive Test

411 DT Types







Index Meaning




Call Number


Setup Time (s)


Calling Time (s)


Idle Time (s)


Call Count




42 Indoor Test





















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells








41 Drive Test

411 DT Types







Index Meaning




Call Number


Setup Time (s)


Calling Time (s)


Idle Time (s)


Call Count




42 Indoor Test





















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells






Setup Time (s)


Calling Time (s)


Idle Time (s)


Call Count




42 Indoor Test





















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells



















511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells








511 Weak coverage

Introduction


Solutions







Introduction



Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells







Solutions






Introduction





Solutions



Introduction


Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells






Solutions







gt= 95























gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells




















gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells








gt= 95













Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells






Phenomenon


Analysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Aanalysis


Solutions






Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells










Phenomenon




Analysis


Solutions






611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells







611 Definition








621 Causes Analysis













Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells










Improper PICH Power


Ambient Factors







EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells






EcIo Deterioration




Capacity Decline



























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells























































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells












































































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells




























































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells







































UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells

























UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells












UE Data Analysis














Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells













Principles




Possible Removals
























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells

























9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells












9 Summary





1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells








1011 TMAs




1013 RRU


1014 Micro Cells








Date post:	22-May-2017
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Upload:	syed-ashfaq-hussain
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