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3G-INTRODUCTION 1

Presented by: Neha AgrawalNeha Singh

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3G-INTRODUCTION 2

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Delivers real time information.

Helps in quick and accurate decision making.

Continuous supply of information whenever needed.

Increases productivity.

Reduces costs via more accurate and timely data capture.

Incorporate professionalism in the working in theorganization.

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3G is one of themost recent

transmissiontechnologies. To completelyunderstand the modern

technology, we have toknow what is 3Gstandards and 3Gspectrum.

43G TECHNOLOGY

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Introduction

Features

Applications

Technology history

Concepts involved in 3G: Simplex vs. Duplex

TDD vs. FDD

Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Transmission

TDMA vs. CDMA

Circuit Switching vs. Packet SwitchingHow 3G network works?

Communication in 3G Networks

High Speed in 3G

Conclusion

5CONTENTS

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The mobile communications industry has evolved in threestages , and correspondingly three generations of mobile

phones have emerged thus far.Each one has provided more flexibility and usability thanthe previous ones.

(1G) Analog

(2G) Digital mobile phone

(3G) Multimedia services

6INTRODUCTION

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y 3G (Third Generation) is the latest wireless technology.

y It is also known as UMTS (Universal MobileTelecommunications System).

y 3G cellular phones were first launched in Japan in October2001.

y 3G phone was designed so users would be able to surf theInternet, view pictures of the people they are talking to,

watch movies and listen to music on their handsets .y It providing wireless access to the data & information to the

user from anywhere & anytime.

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1.With 3G, the information is splitinto separate but related packetsbefore being transmitted and

reassembled at the receiving end.2.The World Wide Web(www) is

becoming the primarycommunications interface.

3.Speeds up to 2 Megabits persecond (Mbps) are achievable

with 3G.

8FEATURES

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Features of 3g Global Roaming.

Send and Receive E-Mail Messages.

High Speed Web. Superior Voice Quality.

Tele/Video Conferencing.

Electronic agenda meeting reminder.

3d Animation Games.

Website creating Using Mobile Phones.

Etc.

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3G-INTRODUCTION

working

10

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Evolution from 1G to 3G

1G- First-generation wireless, telephone technology,cellphones.

2G - Digital mobile phones, including those that use GSM, CDMA

or TDMA networks data-transfer rates ranging from 9.6 kb/s to19.2 kb/s.

2.5G- i-mode data services, camera phones,high speed circuit-switched data(HSCSD),General packet radio service(GPRS). Datatransfer rates ranging from 56 kb/s to 170 kb/s.

3G-Handle streaming video, two-way voice over IP, and Internetcontent with high-quality graphics and plug-ins to a wirelessphone. maximum data rate of 2 Mb/s.

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2g to 3g evolution

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13APPLICATIONS

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14TECHNOLOGYHISTORY

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Simplex vs. Duplex

TDD vs. FDD Symmetric vs. Asymmetric transmission

TDMA vs. CDMA

Circuit Switching vs. Packet Switching

CONCEPTS INVOLVED IN 3G 15

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SIMPLEX

In this, only one person can communicate at a time. Walkie-Talkie

uses simplex form of communication.

Using a Walkie-Talkie we have to push a button to talk one-way..

16CONCEPTS-SIMPLEX vs. DUPLEX

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DUPLEX

Allows simultaneous two-way communication.

Channel from base station to device is known as downlink and

channel to device is known as uplink.

17CONCEPTS-SIMPLEX vs. DUPLEX

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FDD

In FDD, there are two separate frequency bands : one band for theuplink and one band for the downlink.

The two bands are separated by a guard band which providesisolation of two bands.

18CONCEPTS-FDD vs. TDD

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TDD

In this, the uplink and the

downlink frequency operate on thesame frequency, but they areswitched very rapidly one momentthe channel is sending the uplinksignal, the next moment the channelis sending the downlink signal.

TDD requires a guard time insteadof a guard band between transmitand receive streams.

19CONCEPTS-FDD vs. TDD

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Data Transmission is Symmetric if thedata in the downlink and the data in theuplink is transmitted at the same datarate. Ex-voice transmission.

In Asymmetric Transmission, data in

the downlink and data in the uplink aretransmitted at different data rates. Ex-internet..

20CONCEPTS-SYMMETRIC TRANSMISSION vs. ASYMMETRIC TRANSMISSION

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TDMATDMA is Time Division Multiple Access. It works by dividing a singleradio frequency into many small time slots. Each caller is assigned a

specific time slot for transmission.

CDMACDMA is Code Division Multiple Access. CDMA works by giving each

user a unique code. The receiver has knowledge of the senders uniquecode, and is therefore able to extract the correct signal no matter whatthe frequency.

21CONCEPTSTDMA vs. CDMA

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CIRCUIT SWITCHINGTraditional connections for voice connections require a physical pathconnecting the users at the two ends of the line, and that path staysopen until the conversation ends. This kind of connection is calledcircuit switching.

22CONCEPTS-CIRCUIT SWITCHING vs. PACKET SWITCHING-CIRCUIT SWITCHING

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PACKET SWITCHINGPacket Data:

chopped into pieces(packets).

given a destination address.

mixed from other data from other sources. transmitted over a line with all the other data.

reconstituted at the other end.

23CONCEPTS-CIRCUIT SWITCHING vs. PACKET SWITCHING-PACKET SWITCHING

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24HOW 3G WORKS..?

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TDD mode does not allow long range transmissions.

For this reason, TDD mode can only be used inenvironments where the propagation delay is small.

TDD mode is highly efficient for transmission ofinternet data in Pico cells.

25HOW 3G WORKS..?

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IN PREVIOUS TECHNOLOGIES:

In GSM technology, instead of setting up a dedicated circuit, a smallportion of the airwaves are reserved for our call.

This is a bad way of dividing up the available airwaves because thespaces and pauses in speech may get the same priority as the words.

IN GSM TECHNOLOGY: 3G networks change all this. Instead of reserving airspace eachconversation is chopped up into packets , each one of which is labeled

with a code denoting which dialogue it is from.

26COMMUNICATION IN 3G NETWORKS

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On current GSM networks data chugs around at 9.6kilobits per second(kbps).

By contrast the upper limit for 3G networks is 2megabits per second if you are standing still and 384kbps for those on the move.

This radical change means 3G mobile networks cansupport lots more subscribers and let them downloaddata much faster.

27HIGH SPEED IN 3G

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3G in Indiay 3G is going to come in two different flavours.

y Firstly, existing operators with 2G or 2.5G technology

are going to upgrade to 3G.y Secondly, many new operators and some foreign

players are also going to enter the market with 3G.

y Secondly, many new operators and some foreign

players are also going to enter the market with 3G.

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WiFiy WiFi is the popular name for the wireless Ethernet 802.11b

standard for WLANS.

yWiFi LANS operate using unlicensed spectrum2.4GHZ band.

y Each base station can support connections only over a

range of a hundred meters.y Number of Service Providers that are offering WiFi

services.

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Wifi What it stands

for?y Wi-fi suggests Wireless-Fidelity,

y compared with the long established

y audio recording term High Fidelity ory Hi-Fi.

y Wi-Fi is simply a trademarked term

y meaning IEEE 802.11x

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When Wi-Fi

Originated ?y The precursor to wi-fi was invented in 1991 by NCR

Corporation in Nieuwegein, the Netherland.

y

The first wireless products were brought on the marketunder the name WaveLAN with speeds of 1 Mbit/s to 2Mbit/s.

yVic Hayes has been named as father of Wi-Fi.

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How Wi-Fi Works?

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What a wireless network

is made up of:

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Radios which send and receive signals from other radios or

access points, usually PCMCIA* cards which fit into Laptopexpansion slots, or PCI Bus in case of Desktop computers.

(There are other, simpler options using USB).

PDAs like Blackberry, and Pocket PC having a compact flashslot can also connect.

Wireless Network cards

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3G-INTRODUCTION 34

Base stations, Access points, or Gateways

The base station sends and receives radio signals to and from the

Wi-Fi radio in your laptop or PC, enabling you to share yourInternet connection with other users on the network. Access

points and gateways have a wide range of features and

performance capabilities, but they all provide this basic networkconnection service.

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Commercial WiFi

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y C.W. services are available in

places such as Internet cafes,

Coffee houses and Airportsaround the world.

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Both Remote and Local area

y Students can easily get interact withy queries, and listen at the same time.

y

Access in

y Inside campus WI-FI

y Remote areas - WI-MAX

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Block 2Block 1

Block 3

Inside Campus

WI-Fi-InsideCampus

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3G-INTRODUCTION 38

Wi-MAX

Area-2

Area-1

Area-3

Both remote areas andLocal area

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3G-INTRODUCTION 39

Local area

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Typical Community Wifi

Constituents

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High gain Parabolic grid antennas to beam the signal toover 30km from tower to tower..

Sector antennas to beam the signal from the towers tothe community users

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Customer Premises equipment (CPE) to access the signal

from the towers..

Other components that need to be installed in order to put the

above systems together

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About Radio Frequencyy There is no wire connection between sender and

receiver.

y Two types of RF is used-

y 1-direct sequence spread spectrum radio technology.

y 2-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

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Advantages of

Wi-Fi

yWi-fi can make access publicly available at wi-fihotspots.

y Does not require regulatory approval for individual.

yWi-fi network can support roaming, in which amobile client station such as a laptop computercan move from one access point to another as theuser moves around a building or area.

yWi-fi allows local area network to deployed withoutwires for client devices.

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Th

reats of securityyWi-fi works with no physical wired connection

between sender and receiver by using radio frequency.The most common wireless encryption standards,

wired equivalent privacy has been shown to be usingbreakable even when correctly configured.

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Capabilities and Uses

y High data transmission rate and high reliability in all weatherconditions, and an always available (95% Uptime) network makeswifi a robust solution suitable for high bandwidth applications.

Online video-conferencing with greater clarity.

Telephony, using VoIP.Revenue-model for budding start-up ISPs.

Broadband in the true sense.

Easier reach into far-flung rural areas.

Ability to add more nodes as and when required.

Less maintenance overheads, especially in Rural areas where

technical manpower is scarce.

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PunePune to be India's firstto be India's first wiwi--fificitycity

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How are WiFi and 3G same?

Both are wireless

Both are access Technology

Both offer broadband data service

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How are They Different? The important ways in which WiFi a n d 3G

approaches to offering broadband

wireless access services are substantivelydifferent.

Current Business Model is Different

y 3G represents an extension of the mobile service-provider model. His is the technology of choice forupgrading existing mobile telephone services toexpand capacity and add enhanced services.

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2.Spectrum policy and managementy One of the key distinctions between 3G and WiFi.y Mobile Technology use licensed spectrum, while WiFi

uses unlicensed shared spectrum.Important Implications for1) Cost of service,2) Quality of Service (QOS) and congestion

management,3) Industry Structure.

y Licensed spectrum is expensive.y Unlicensed spectrum used by WiFi imposes strict powerlimits on users.y It easier for a 3G provider to market a service.y A WiFi network can address the problem of congestion

associated with users on the same WiFi network.

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3. Status of Technology development

differentThe two technology differ with respect to their stage of

development in a number of was.

Development status3333

Embedded support for services

y

y Embedded serial-to-Wi-fi

y Module

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y 3G and WiFi is their embedded support for voice services.

y Potential advantages of 3G over WiFi is that 3G offersbetter support for private communications than does WiFi.

StandardizationService/Business modely 3G is more developed than WiFi as a business and service

model.

y WiFi is more developed with respect to the upstreamsupplier markets.

y Both 3G and WiFi access face great supplier.

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Referencesy www.wikipedia.org

y http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/Wi_Fi.html

yhttp://www.computerworld.com.au/article/300310/csiro_settles_wireless_battle

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In 3G networks, using packets of information to carryvoice and data also means that your phone is effectivelyalways connected to the network.

Mobile operators will have to stop charging on thebasis of talk time and move to a model based on thepackets you download or a single charge per monthcovering anything and everything you do.

The day of 3G may be dawning but it will be a longtime before the Sun sets on our existing mobilephones.

54CONCLUSION