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Life Safety Property Safety Continuity in Operation| |

Fire Protection Products3M Construction Market Center

IT, ITESand Telecom

Building Safety

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Index

IntroductionFire Incidents

Fire Protection of IT, ITES and Telecom buildings

Prevention by Passive Fire ProtectionNational Building Code of India.

Application AreasVertical Shafts and RisersConstruction and Expansion JointsFor openings due to external Glass wall in high Rise buildings (Curtain wall Gaps)Openings Around HVAC ducts

Data Center or Server Rooms 4

Telecommunications Equipment Area

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Why 3M....................................................................................................................07..................................................09

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Importance

NBC 2005 Clauses for passive fire protection (Part-4 fire and life safety)

Basements ..................................................................................................................................................22

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IT / ITES sector are believed to be the key drivers of Indian commercial market and accounts for approximately 75% of the total absorption

of commercial property in the country. This expansion drive is fueled by outsourcing business models, cost effective manpower and highly

talented workforce.Telecom in India has seen tremendous progress over the past few years. This is aptly substantiated by the fact that India has crossed the 200

million subscribers' mark and is currently one of the largest telecom networks in the world. According to analysts, going by the current trend,

India is poised to have the second largest mobile subscriber base in the near future, displacing US. The tele-density figures indicate that there

are currently 18 people out of 100 using phones. Thus, the potential for growth is enormous.

As per the industry soothsayers, the IT sector is likely to grow at a 20% CAGR for FY 05-15. From a base of US$22.2bn revenue in FY05,

this implies a target revenue of US$138bn by FY15. This indicates an addition of 2.9m additional people into the labour pool. Researchindicates that the average space for one employee is about 160sq.ft. (including common areas). Even at a lower-end average of 100 sq.ft. per

person, real estate demand from the IT sector alone will be a staggering 290 million sq.ft.

Where as in telecom sector, apart from being the world's fastest growing telecom market, India is also emerging as a handset super-power as

more manufacturers set up base in the country. India is expected to register a handset production of over 51 million units this year to record

the highest growth in the Asia-Pacific region, technology research firm Gartner has predicted.

Scorching Growth

Introduction

IntrodoctionIntroduction04


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When things get Hot

This expansion in the industry will be substantiated by more employment opportunities, more infrastructure andmore commercial space. The responsibilities will also increase manifold with mandates like protection ofinfrastructure, retaining of talent and data safety. Further emphasis will be on brand image, which again constitutesmany factors like employee satisfaction through security, maximum uptime and continuity in operations.Considering the investments, human capital and data at stake, fire protection can serve as an indispensable tooltowards ensuring business continuity, safeguarding infrastructure, saving precious lives and protecting data.

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Tuesday Sep 25, 2007 The Hindu Newspaper reported an fire incident at a software firm in Chennai.According to Hindu staff reporter a fire

broke out in a software firm on the sixth and seventh floors of an eight-storey building, on Monday.

Two of its employees on the seventh floor were rescued by firemen. There was no casualty in the incident and the value of properties lost inthe fire was not known immediately.

Divisional Fire Officer V.Vijaykumar said the cause of the fire would be known only after investigations. Fire and Rescue Services

department personnel said they received information about the fire at around 3.30 p.m. following which five fire tenders, three Chennai

Metrowater tankers and two sky-lifters were rushed to the spot. Some employees of the firm who rushed down the stairs fearing for their

lives said they left their belongings at the workspot, as there was panic all around. A few others suspected that the fire could have been due to

a short circuit in the cable duct.

As the news about the fire spread, there was commotion in the area and nearby buildings. As a result, fire tenders and the water tankers had a

tough time reaching the spot, officials said.

Police personnel appealed to the employees caught inside the building to stay calm. Since there was no outlet for the smoke, some

employees complained of suffocation. However, fire service personnel broke a few glass panes.

Commissioner of Police G. Nanchil Kumaran and Joint Commissioner (Central) P. Balasubramanian visited the spot and inquired with

those rescued by the fire personnel. Though the private building had provision for fire fighting equipment, it was not functioning, said fire

officers.

Fire Incidents

FireIncidents

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Why 3M?


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Prevention by Passive Fire Protection

Passive fire protection functions to contain fires within the areas in which they start, preventing loss of life by preventing the products of

combustion (smoke, hot gasses and flames) from spreading throughout a building.

Passive fire protection is a proven method of protecting structures against fire, and of providing protection to services within concealed

spaces reduce/ minimize/ delay the spread of a fully grown fire to different compartments to reduce / prevent the losses in terms of life and

property. A vital factor in reducing this risk is to provide physical barriers to the spread of fire within the building by dividing it into a series

of compartments. The protection of the structural frame, the enclosure and protection of vertical and horizontal openings, effective fire-

stopping at junctions, protection of service penetrations, use of low flame spread finishing materials and non-combustible materials are all

economically viable, effective & important considerations.

Having passive protection in place helps assure building occupants that there will be time to exit before gases, fire and smoke spread

throughout the building. If active systems fail, as they often do, then there is still a passive system in place for life safety.It can be achieved by effective Fire stopping system. Firestopping is an integral part of fire protection engineering. Firestop systems protect

against the passage of flames, deadly gases and toxic smoke through openings that are created for penetrations, joints and gaps in fire-

resistive walls, floors and floor/ceiling assemblies. The integrity of fire-rated assemblies is restored by firestop systems.

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Fire Protection of IT, ITESand Telecombuildings


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Government also specifies basic guidelines for fire protection in the National Building Code (NBC). The NBC is

set out by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and presents the major criteria guideline for building in India.

The National Building Code of India (NBC), a comprehensive building Code, is a national instrument providing

guidelines for regulating the building construction activities across the country. It serves as a Model Code for

adoption by all agencies involved in building construction works be they Public Works Departments, other

government construction departments, local bodies or private construction agencies. The Code mainly contains

administrative regulations, development control rules and general building requirements; fire safety requirements;

stipulations regarding materials, structural design and construction (including safety); and building and plumbing

services.

The Code was first published in 1970 at the instance of Planning Commission and then revised in 1983. Thereafter

three major amendments were issued, two in 1987 and the third in 1997.

Considering a series of further developments in the field of building construction including the lessons learnt in the

aftermath of number of natural calamities like devastating earthquakes and super cyclones witnessed by the

country, a Project for comprehensive revision of NBC was taken up under the aegis of National Building Code

Sectional Committee, CED 46 of BIS and its 18 expert Panels; involving as many as 400 experts. As a culmination

of the Project, the revised NBC has now been brought out as National Building Code of India 2005 (NBC 2005).

The comprehensive NBC 2005 contains 11 Parts some of which are further divided into Sections totaling 26

chapters.

Part-4 Fire and Life Safety is a new evolution towards fire safety aspects and enforcement of which will lead to a

fire safe and risk free environment. Below are some of the important clauses which shows that now the law has

taken strict steps towards the safety of thousands of life.

National Building Code of India

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NBC 2005 Clauses for passive fire protection (Part-4 fire and life safety)

Fire Load -

Fire Resistance Rating -

Fire Separating Wall -

Fire Stop -

Means of Egress

Definitions

Calorific energy, of the whole contents contained in a space, including the facings of the walls, partitions, floors and

ceilings.

The time that a material or construction will withstand the standard fire exposure as determined by fire test

done in accordance with the standard methods of fire tests of materials/structures.

The wall provides complete separation of one building from another or part of a building from another part of the

same building to prevent any communication of fire and heat transmission to wall itself which may cause or assist in the combustion of

materials on the side opposite to that portion which may be on fire.

A fire resistant material, or construction having a fire rating of not less than the fire separating elements, installed in a

concealed space or between structural elements of a building to prevent spread/ propagation of fir e and smoke through walls, ceilingsand like as per the laid down criteria.

A continuous and unobstructed way of travel from any point in a building or structure to a place of comparative safety.

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NBC 2005 Clauses forpassive fire protection


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General Requirements of all Individual OccupanciesOpenings in separating Walls and floors

3.4.8 At the time of designing openings in separating walls and floors, particular attention shall be paid at all suchfactors as will limit fire spread through these openings and maintain fire rating of the structural member.

3.4.8.1Every wall opening shall be protected with fire-resisting doors having the fire rating of not less than 2 h inaccordance with accepted standard. All openings in the floor shall be protected by vertical enclosures

extending above and below such openings, the walls of such enclosures having a fire resistance of not less

than 2 h.

Important Clauses

Types of construction

General Construction

3.3.1 For a building 15 m in height or above non- combustible materials should be used for construction and theinternal walls of staircase enclosures should be of brick work or reinforced concrete or any other material of

construction with minimum of 2 h rating.

3.3.2 It is required that an element/component shall have the requisite fire resistance rating when tested in

accordance with the accepted standard.

3.3.3 Load bearing steel beams and columns of buildings having total covered area of 500m2 and above shall be

protected against failure collapse of structure in case of fire. This could be achieved by use of appropriatemethodology using suitable fire rated materials as per the accepted standards.

Steel Construction

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3.4.8.3 Openings in walls or floors which are necessary to be provided to allow passages of all building services like cables, electrical

wiring, telephone cable, shall be protected by enclosures in the form of Ducts/Shafts having a fire resistance of not less than 2hrs. in

case of buildings where it is necessary to lower or lift heavy machinery or goods from one floor to the other, it may be necessary to

provide larger openings in the floor. Such openings shall be provided with removable covers which shall have the same strength and

fire resistance as the floor.

3.4.8.4 Every vertical opening between the floors of a building shall be suitably enclosed or protected as necessary to provide reasonable

safety to the occupants while using the means of egress by preventing spread of fire, smoke or fumes through vertical openings from

floor to floor to allow occupants to complete their use of the means of egress.

3.4.12.3 Where smoke venting facilities are installed for purpose of exit safety these shall be adequate to prevent dangerous accumulation of

smoke during the period of time necessary to evacuate the area served using available exit facilities with a margin of safety to allow

for unforeseen contingencies.

Smoke Venting

Fire Protection Requirements For High Rise Buildings- 15 m in Height Or AboveService Ducts/Shafts

C-1.9 Service Ducts and shafts shall be enclosed by walls of 2h and doors of 1hr rating. All such ducts / shafts shall be properly sealed and

fire stopped at all floors.

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NBC 2005 Clauses forpassive fire protectionprotection


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ApplicationAreas

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Sealing of Electrical, Mechanical, telecom and all other service shafts at floor levels

For Sealing of all wall openings in through the shafts

For Cable Tray Openings

For Metal Pipe Openings

For Insulated Pipe openings

For Plastic Pipe openings

3M products: Composite Sheet CS 195+ and Moldable Putty System, Fire Barrier Mortar, Fire Dam 240 board, Fire Barrier RTV

Silicone Foam 2001.

Refer to National Building code Part -4 clause No. 3.4.8.1, 3.4.8.3, 3.4.8.4, C-1.9, C-1.12

3M products: Composite Sheet CS 195+ and Moldable Putty System, Fire Barrier Mortar, Fire Dam 240 board.

3M products: CP 25WB+ Caulk, Fire Barrier 3000WT, Fire Dam 150+, Caste-In Device, Moldable Putty, Fire Barrier 2000+, Fire

Barrier 1000NS, Fire Barrier 1003 SL.


Barrier 1000NS, Fire Barrier 1003 SL, Ultra GS and FS 195+

3M products: Plastic Pipe Device, Caste-In Device, Moldable Putty, Ultra GS and FS 195+

Refer to National Building code Part -4 clause No. 3.4.8.1, 3.4.8.3, 3.4.8.4, C-1.9, C-1.12.

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ApplicationAreas


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Construction and Expansion Joints

The types of joints include:

Abuildingjointisajunctionwherebuildingelementsmeetwithoutapplyingastaticloadfromoneelementto

another.Suchjointsareoftensubjecttomovement,asafunctionofthebuilding'sdesignbasis.

Movementoftheseconstructionjointscanbecausedbymanyfactorsincluding:

1. Load the placement or movement of machines, equipment, furniture, etc. within a facility for daily

operation.Thischangeinweightcancauseawallorfloorjointassemblytoexpandorcompress.

2.Movementnaturaleventssuchasearthquakes,tornadosandhurricanescancausewallandfloorassemblies

tomoveinbothhorizontalandverticaldirections.

3.Differingassemblytypestheuseofgypsum,concrete,concreteovermetaldeck,masonryblock,etc.can

causewallandfloorassembliestoreactdifferentlytoload,movementandthermalchanges.Thisreaction

cancausejointstoexpandorcontract.4.ThermalChangesintemperaturecanhavedifferentreactionsonfloorandwallassembliesbasedupon

construction type and actual temperature. These changes can cause expansion of contraction of a

constructionjoint.

That'swhythereissuchaconcernaboutfire-resistiveconstructionjoints.Becausetheymoveandpresenta

weaknessinfirecontainmentifnotproperlyfirestopped!

Notonlyisfireperformanceakeyfactorforthesejoints,butmovementisequallytakenintoconsideration.

Beforeeachoftheseapplicationsaresubjectedtothefiretest,theseconstructionjointsarecycledthroughthe

intendedmovement.

Floortofloorwheretworatedfloorassembliesmeet(controljoint)

Floortowallwherearatedfloorassemblyintersectswitharatedwallassembly

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For all Joints

Openings due to external Glass wall in high Rise buildings (Curtain wall Gaps)

3M products: CP 25WB+ Caulk, Fire Barrier 3000WT, Fire Dam 150+, Fire Barrier 2000+, Fire Barrier 1000NS, Fire Barrier 1003 SL,

Fire Dam 200 Spray, Fire Dam 100 Spray.

Refer to National Building code Part -4 clause No. 3.4.8, C-9.

The gap created around the perimeter of the floor in a building due to the framing of the external glazing wall is termed as Curtain wall

Gap. Sealing this joint is very critical

During a fire, the heated gasses and the products of combustion naturally rise. This creates positive pressure at the ceiling line. Thusthe fire will attack this area first!

Where the fire starts away from this area, an improperly sealed joint becomes a path for smoke and toxic gasses to migrate throughout

the building putting the occupants of higher floors at risk and potentially allowing expensive smoke damage to occur in otherwise

unexposed areas. The improperly sealed or unsealed joint also becomes a venting path for the fire. This can draw the fire towards the

safing slot and towards the vulnerable non-rated curtainwall. In the worst case, compartmentation is breached and the fire is allowed to

spread vertically through the safing slot. As superheated gasses and the byproducts of combustion collect within the room, a flash over

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Head of wall (top of wall) where a rated wall assembly meets the underside of a rated floor/ceiling assembly

Wall to wall - where two rated wall assemblies meet (control joint)

ApplicationAreas


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The purpose of the Perimeter Fire Barrier System is to make sure that the safing slot remains sealed for the fullduration of the floors rating and to maximize the performance of the non-rated wall.

Fire breaking out one window and back in through the windows on the floor above is referred to as leap

frogging. Leap Frogging CAN happen!

If it can happen. Why bother to protect the slot? This is a question that we frequently hear.

Leap Frogging CAN happen! And obviously it can occur faster and easier as the window spacing is reduced.

But a well designed Perimeter Fire Barrier System still offers a number of important advantages. Installing aproperly designed Perimeter Fire barrier System maximizes the wall's performance at any given window

spacing. And if applied with appropriate window spacing will reduce the risk of leap Frog effect.

3M products: Fire Dam 200 Spray.

Refer to National Building code clause Part -4 No. 3.4.8, C-9.

When a building is installed with ventilating and air conditioning system, its exposure to fire disaster rises as

well. This is because the ventilating and air conditioning system is susceptible of becoming the source of

smoke, fire, or serving as motive force and route for the spreading of smoke and fire inside the building. In

addition, studies have shown that ventilating and air conditioning systems have contributed to the rapid

For Curtain wall Gaps

Openings Around HVAC ducts

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eventually ignites the entire room and the window glass will shatter allowing the flames to play out of the

windows and up the exterior of the building. The shattered windows provide oxygen to the fire.


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spreading of fire in quite a number of fire accidents and have inflicted considerable life and capacity losses. Thus, in many countries,

smoke control and fire protection measures for the ventilating and air conditioning system are highly appreciated and are considered an

integral part of the fire preventing system of a building. The services should be designed to limit, control the spreading of smoke and

fire through the ventilating and air conditioning system of the building.

3M products: Fire Barrier 2000+, Fire Barrier 1000NS, Fire Barrier 1003 SL

For Air Duct openings

BasementsBasements are typically used as a utility space for a building where such items as the furnace, water heater, car park, and air-

conditioning system are located; so also are amenities such as the electrical distribution system.

In areas such as large or deep basements in high-rise building without opening windows, where smoke clearance via natural ventilationmay be virtually impossible, separate smoke extraction systems are installed for smoke venting in basements. If the basement area is

served as car park then we can imagine that during peak hours the amount of people in that area will be maximum which increases the

threat to lives in the event of fire.

Space savings in a building is a great challenge for architects these days that why we often see the transformer rooms and HVAC

systems are housed in the basements as well. The greatest rik of fire to start is present in these rooms. So these areas should be properly

compartmentalize and all openings in these areas should be properly fire sealed.

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ApplicationAreas


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For Multi Cable trays

For Insulated Pipes



For Cable Galleries to prevent surface spread of flame over cables


3M products: CP 25WB+ Caulk, Fire Barrier 3000WT, Fire Dam 150+, Caste-In Device, Moldable Putty, Fire

Barrier 2000+, Fire Barrier 1000NS, Fire Barrier 1003 SL, Ultra GS and FS 195+



3M products: Fire Dam 2000 Cable Coating

Refer to National Building code Part -4 clause No. C-1.16, C-1.17.

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Data Center or Server RoomAssessing the needs of It and ITES company is the first step toward designing a secure and efficient data/server room. As the main

location for network and server infrastructure, special consideration is given to a data/server room cooling system, humidity control, air

distribution, power protection and distribution, fire safety, floor layout and loading, service clearances, cable pathways, physical

security, signage, and more.

Data Center and the server room are the hearts of any IT and ITES company. That's why fire protection is a top priority in the data center

design process. Today's data centers and server rooms are under enormous pressure to maintain operations without interruption. In the

event of a catastrophic data center or server room fire, a company may lose equipment, productivity, and most importantly, lives.

Industry studies tell us that 43 percent of businesses that are closed by a fire never reopen. And 29 percent of those that do open fail

within three years. The potentially devastating effects of fire have created great demand for state-of-the-art data/server room fire

protection.

It can be achieved with the recommended 3M Fire Rated system

For all Cable openings


Barrier 1000NS, Fire Barrier 1003 SL.

Refer to National Building code clause Part -4 No. 3.4.8, C-9.

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ApplicationAreas


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Apart from the Building Facility and office area generally a Telecommunications Facilitycan be categorized under different Areas due to its various specialized equipments:

Telecommunications Equipment Area

Cable Entrance Facility Area (Cable Vaults)

Power Room and Areas

Cable Entrance Facility (CEF) Area

Power Area

Main Distribution Frame (MDF) Area

Standby Engine Area

Signal-Processing Equipment Area

Unventilated cable vaults could have natural gas or methane gas accumulations having explosion potential if not

properly ventilated. There is also the possibility of flammable liquids leaking into the vault from external fuel

spills. Cable entering from outside the telecommunications facility could be combustible. Cables entering the vault

often have metallic sheaths grounded within the vault to protect against accidental exposure of the sheath to

external current sources. But all Penetrations should be properly fire stopped

Alternating current (ac) power is converted to direct current (dc) power by rectifiers and is stored in batteries topower the telecommunications equipment. The batteries will provide power during commercial ac power failures.

The batteries can be expected to provide power to the signal-processing equipment for several hours. Direct current

bus bars are often not insulated, presenting a danger to personnel using metal tools or wearing metallic jewelry or

watches in proximity to the bus bars. Hydrogen gas could be present and should be vented to prevent the buildup to

explosive levels. Many types of batteries contain sulfuric acid. Hydrogen gas can be produced during battery use


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both flooded cell and valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries. Battery areas require proper ventilation. With such critical locations and

danger all penetrations through this area due to cables, pipes and other services should be properly fire stopped at all locations by a suitable

3M Fire Rated System.

The wiring associated with distribution frames could be combustible due to the type of wire insulation used and the large surface area

created by the separation of wires. The wires forming the individual telecommunications circuits are usually protected against externally

induced over-voltage conditions at the main distribution frame. Cables typically enter the frame area from a cable vault below through a

floor or wall. Sealing of cable penetrations and ongoing maintenance of the seals are necessary for integrity of the cable vault fire separation.

Standby power generators are located within these rooms and are used as a power source during commercial power failures. The generators

are driven by engines and or turbines that are fueled using a variety of fuels including diesel, propane, natural gas, or fuel oil. Fire hazards

associated with liquid and gaseous fuels should be considered. Electrical hazards should also be considered including the power generated

and the starting circuit for the engine.

Signal-processing equipment provides paths and switching for data, voice, video, broadband signals, packets, and streams. Circuit boards

and wiring insulation are combustible, the signal-processing equipment could contain both ac and dc power circuits from more than one

source. The signal-processing equipment is very sensitive to products of combustion, including acid gases and soot, and is sensitive to rapid

changes in conditions including ambient temperature and humidity. All penetrations should be properly fire stopped in this Area.

Main Distribution Frame (MDF) Area

Standby Engine Rooms

Signal-Processing Equipment Areas

ApplicationAreas


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All the above areas should be properly compartmentalize and firestopped at all locations to prevent fire spread from

one region to another. A special attentions should also be give to all Submarine Cable landing stations areas, DRC

Disaster recovery Area and Network operating area center (NOC) Generally all data and power cables are goingtrough Fire proof High Basic Density and tension (HBT). But the floor to floor penetrations around these ducts

should be fire stopped at all locations.

For all Cable openings

For Multi Cable trays

For Insulated Pipes



For Cable to prevent surface spread of f lame over cables


Barrier 2000+, Fire Barrier 1000NS, Fire Barrier 1003 SL.



Barrier 2000+, Fire Barrier 1000NS, Fire Barrier 1003 SL, Ultra GS and FS 195+



3M products: Fire Dam 2000 Cable Coating

Refer to National Building code clause Part -4 No. 3.4.8, 3.4.8.1, 3.4.8.3, 3.4.8.4, C-1.9, C-1.12, C-9.


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3M India LimitedConstruction Market Center

Concorde Block, UB City# 24, Vittal Mallya RoadBangalore - 560 001INDIA

(080) 2223 1414, 6659 [email protected]

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