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3s AP review.notebook 1 August 24, 2017 Write about yourself. Talk about when and where you were born, your age, physical description, family, likes and dislikes in: food, colors, clothes, activities, school subjects. Also either a childhood memory or a summer event (past). Write a sentence with être, avoir, aller, faire, er verb, vouloir, croire, finir
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Page 1: 3s AP review.notebook - Moore Public Schools...3s AP review.notebook 1 August 24, 2017 Write about yourself. Talk about when and where you were born, your age, physical description,

3s AP review.notebook

1

August 24, 2017

Write about yourself. Talk about when and where you were born, your age, physical description, family, likes and dislikes in: food, colors, clothes, activities, school subjects. Also either a childhood memory or a summer event (past).

Write a sentence with être, avoir, aller, faire,

­er verb, vouloir, croire, finir

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Nouns

In French all nouns have a gender. That is that all nouns are either masculine or feminine. There is no rhyme or reason why some words are masculine or feminine; you just have to memorize it with the words (learning the article with the noun usually helps).

The noun is the boss, articles and adjectives all agree with the noun. It may also indicate how to conjugate the verb; so it is important to know and pay attention to the gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) of a noun.

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August 24, 2017

Articles

All nouns should have an article. The article agrees (matches) with the noun’s gender and number.

We have seen two types of articles: the indefinite articles and the definite articles.

The indefinite articles are used when talking about a general thing or person, there is no specific information. In English they are a, an and some (plural). In French they are un, une and des.

The definite articles are used when talking about a specific thing or person. In English it is the. In French they are le, la, l’ and les.

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indefinite articlemasculine feminine

singular un uneplural des des

definite articlemasculine feminine

singular le laplural les les

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Adjectives

Adjectives agree with the noun they describe. They agree in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or feminine).

Most adjectives are placed after the noun that they describe.

To agree with the noun, you will add an E for feminine and an S for plural to most adjectives. This rule applies to adjectives that end in most consonants as well as all vowels except the unaccented E.

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The plural rule is also how you make a noun plural – add an S (most of the time).

Some adjectives in the masculine form already end in an E and will not change in the feminine.

Some adjectives will double the letter and add E to make it feminine (bon – bonne, bel – belle)

Some adjectives will change the last letter and then add an E to make it feminine (ennuyeux – ennuyeuse)

masculine femininesingular ­eplural ­s ­es

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les couleursmasc. sing. masc. plu. fem. sing. fem. plu.

blanc blancs blanche blanches

noir noirs noire noires

rouge rouges rouge rouges

orange orange orange orange

jaune jaunes jaune jaunes

vert verts verte vertes

bleu bleus bleue bleues

violet violets violette violettes

rose roses rose roses

marron marron marron marron

brun bruns brune brunes

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Beauty

Age

Goodness

Size *Adjectives describing these are placed before the noun

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Beauty beau(x), bel, belle(s) beautiful

laid(e)(s) ugly

joli(e)(s) pretty

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Agejeune(s) young

vieux, vieil, vieille(s) old

nouveau(x), nouvel, nouvelle(s) new

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Goodnessbon(s), bonne(s) good

mauvais(e)(s) bad

gentil(s), gentille(s) nice

méchant (e) (s) mean

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Sizegrand(e)(s) big

petit(e)(s) small

gros(se)(s) fat

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Masculine, singular noun (or feminine starting

with vowel)

Feminine, singular noun Plural noun

My Mon Ma mes

Your (familiar) Ton Ta Tes

His/her Son Sa ses

Our Notre Notre nos

Your (formal, plural) Votre Votre vos

Their Leur Leur leurs

Possessive adjectives

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Contractions

à + le = au à + la = à la

à + l' = à l' à + les = aux

à ­ to, in, at

de ­ from, of

de + le = du de + la = de la

de + l' = de l' de + les = des

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ne…pas ﴾not﴿ne…jamais ﴾never﴿ne…plus ﴾anymore/no longer﴿ne…que ﴾only﴿

§ Je ne chante pas. ﴾I do not sing. ﴿§ Je ne chante jamais. ﴾I never sing.﴿§ Je ne chante plus. ﴾I don’t sing anymore.﴿§ Elle n’écoute que le rap. ﴾I only listen to rap.﴿

Aucun﴾e﴿…ne ﴾not one/not any﴿ne…aucun﴾e﴿

Personne…ne ﴾no one/not anyone﴿ne…personne

Rien…ne ﴾nothing﴿ ne…rien ﴾not anything /nothing﴿Ni …ni ﴾neither…nor﴿

ne…ni…ni ﴾not.. either.. or﴿Nulle part ﴾nowhere/not anywhere﴿

§ Aucun ami n’a accepté son invitation. ﴾Not one friend accepted her invitation.﴿§ Je n’accepte aucune invitation. ﴾I’m not accepting any invitation.﴿§ Personne ne chante ici. ﴾No one sings here.﴿§ Il ne voit personne. ﴾He doesn’t see anyone.﴿§ Rien ne change ici. ﴾Nothing changes here.﴿§ On ne change rien. ﴾We are not changing anything.﴿§ Ni Jason, ni Suzy ne sont venus. ﴾Neither Jason nor Suzy came.﴿§ Je ne vois ni Jason, ni Suzy ﴾I do not see either Jason or Suzy.﴿§ Il ne l’a trouvé nulle part. ﴾He did not find it anywhere.﴿

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Les pronoms En anglais Ils remplacent: Par exemple:Dans une phrase:

Y­there­about it/ about them

PLACE

­un endroit­ à. à la, à l’, au, aux + un nom­chez, dans, sur, etc. + nom

à Vancouver, dans la boîte, sur la chaise, chez Mike, à ses problèmes

­Il va à l’école . Il y va.­Je pense à mes problèmes . J’y pense.

EN

­some of it/ some of them­# of something­quantity of something

QUANTITY

­de, de la, du, des + nom­un numéro (garde le numéro ou la quantité )

De la pizza, des devoirs, de l’attention, deux pizzas

­Tu as voulu 2 tomates. Tu en as voulu 2.­Elle mangera beaucoup de nachos . Elle en mangera beaucoup.

LUILEUR

­to him/to her­to them

TO WHOM­à + une personne­à + des personnes

­à Sherry, au chef­à Mike et Sean, aux étudiants

­Je parlerai au prof . Je lui parlerai.­Il donne la liste à Jeff et Lisa . Il leur donne la liste.

LELA

LES

­it/ him­it/ her­them

WHAT/WHO

­une chose ou une personne (objet direct)No preposition

here

­Paul, la fille, le chat, cette classe, mes devoirs, les étudiants

­Il a vu Anne . Il l’a vue.­Elle veut vendre ces affiches . Elle veut les vendre.

METE

NOUSVOUS

­me (OD) or to me(OI)­you (OD) or to you (OI)­us (OD) or to us (OI)­you(OD) or to you (OI)

­une personne/les personnes ­à + une personne

­ Marc et moi­à Jean et toi­ à moi­toi

Objets indirects :­Est­ce que Jean te téléphone? Oui, il me téléphone.­Elle dira la vérité à Marc et moi . Elle nous dira la vérité.Objets directs­Elle me voit.­Ils nous accompagnent au cinéma.

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L’ORDRE DES PRONOMS

Me/ M’Te/ T’ Le lui

SUJET Se/ S’ La leur y en VERBE Nous LesVous

Ex: Tu as fait la tarte dans la cuisine . Tu l’as faite.Ex: Je ne vais pas dire l a vérité à toi . Je ne vais pas te la dire.Ex: Nous avons parlé de nos problèmes chez Jean . Nous y en avons parlé.Ex: Elle n’a pas téléphoné à son chum . Elle ne lui a pas téléphoné.

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‐er verbs

Remember to drop the ‐er ex: chanter → chant‐

Then add the correct ‐er verb endings

je ‐e nous –ons je = I nous = we

tu ‐es vous –ez tu = you (sing/fam) vous = you (pl./polite)

il/elle/on ‐e ils/elles –ent il = he, elle = she ils, elles = they

EXCEPTIONS:

‐Verbs ending in ‐ger need an “e” before the ending in the NOUS form ONLY!!!

ex ‐‐ Nous (nager) → nous nageons

‐Verbs ending in –cer need an “ç” instead of the regular “c” in the NOUS form ONLY!!!

Ex – Nous (commencer) à nous commençons

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être ­ to be

je suis nous sommes

tu es vous êtes

il/elle est ils/elles sont

avoir ­ to have

j'ai nous avons

tu as vous avez

il/elle a ils/elles ont

avoir expressions

avoir faim

avoir soif

avoir ... ans

avoir besoin de

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aller ­ to go

je vais nous allons

tu vas vous allez

il/elle va ils/elles vont

faire ­ to go

je fais nous faisons

tu fais vous faites

il/elle fait ils/elles font

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­ir verbs­SS groups

You take off the ‐ir and add:

‐is ‐issons

‐is ‐issez

‐it ‐issent

finir ­ to finish

choisir ­ to choose

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Take off the –ir, and add: • ‐s• ‐s • ‐t • ‐“consonant”ons • ‐“consonant”ez • ‐“consonant”ent

sortir ­ to go out

partir ­ to leave

servir ­ to serve

dormir ­ to sleep

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Regular ­re verbs

Take off the –re, and add: • ‐s• ‐s • • ‐ons • ‐ez • ‐ent

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prendre ­ to take, to have

je prends nous prenons

tu prends vous prenez

il/elle prend ils/elles prennent

mettre ­ to put, to put on

je mets nous mettons

tu mets vous mettez

il/elle met ils/elles mettent

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croire ­ to believe

je crois nous croyons

tu crois vous croyez

il/elle croit ils/elles croient

voir ­ to see

je vois nous voyons

tu vois vous voyez

il/elle voit ils/elles voient

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vouloir ­ to want

je veux nous voulons

tu veux vous voulez

il/elle veut ils/elles veulent

pouvoir ­ to be able to, can

je peux nous pouvons

tu peux vous pouvez

il/elle peut ils/elles peuvent

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REFLEXIVE VERBSFORMATION with the PRESENT TENSE:

Reflexive verbs have a reflexive pronoun added to the regular and irregular verb conjugations.

Je ME + verb Nous NOUS + verbTu TE + verb Vous VOUS + verbIl SE + verb Ils SE + verbElle SE + verb Elles SE + verb

Ex: Elle se lave (she washes herself) Ex: Vous vous préparez (you prepare yourself/ yourselves)

All reflexive verbs take ETRE in the COMPOUND TENSES.

· Ils se sont prépar és . · Vous vous êtes habillé(s)· Tu te serais lavé.· Je m’ étais assis.

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Reflexive Agreement Rules

The reflexive pronoun is the direct object of the sentence, therefore the past participle must agree with it.

Ex: Elle s’est préparée. (Who did she prepare? Herself­ “se”)Ex: Nous nous sommes regardés. (Who did we look at? Ourselves­ “nous”)

Ex : Elles s’étaient maquillées. (Who had done their makeup? Themselves­ “se”.)

Note: The past participles do not always agree with their subjects.When the reflexive pronoun is the indirect object , the past participle does not agree. In the examples below, the direct object is underlined and the indirect object is the reflexive pronoun.

There is no agreement when the direct object follows the verb.

Ex : Ils se sont dit la vérité. (What did they tell themselves? The truth.)Ex : Je me suis acheté un livre.(What did I buy myself? A book)Ex: Elle s’est lavé les cheveux. (What did she wash? Her hair)

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Le Passé Composé:

FORMATION: Use the verb AVOIR in the present tense along with the past participle of the chosen verb to form the passé composé of regular verbs.

AVOIR + PAST PARTICIPLE

AVOIR:J’ai Nous avonsTu as Vous avezIl/Elle a Ils ontOn a Elles ont

PAST PARTICIPLEer verbs –end in é ex.: danser = j’ai dans é﴾écouter, danser, regarder etc.﴿

ir verbs ­ i ir verbs­ end in i ex.: finir = il a fin i﴾accomplir, finir, subir etc.﴿

re verbs ­ end in u ex.: vendre = tu as vend u﴾perdre, rendre, descendre etc.﴿

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Some Irregular Past Participles:

Avoir ﴾to have﴿= EU être ﴾to be﴿= ÉTÉ

pouvoir ﴾to be able to﴿ = PU savoir ﴾to know﴿= SU

devoir ﴾to have to﴿= Dû voir ﴾to see﴿ = VU

vouloir ﴾to want﴿ = VOULU faire ﴾to do/make﴿ = FAIT

dire ﴾to say﴿= DIT lire ﴾to read﴿ = LUconnaître ﴾to know /be familiar with﴿= CONNU prendre ﴾to take﴿=

PRIS

Ex: Elle a eu une rhume.Ex: Ils ont fait de l’escalade.Ex: Nous avons vu l’Arc de Triomphe.Ex. J’ai connu Mike Meyers.Ex. L’enfant a su nager.

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Passé Composé Agreement Rules

Rule: Only add agreement with the past participle of Avoir verbs if the direct object

of the verb precedes it.

J’ai mangé la salade. BUT La salade que j’ai mangée.

S V D.O. D.O. S V

· Quelle fille as –tu choisi e? ﴾Whom did you choose? A girl.﴿

Note: “Girl” precedes the verb in the sentence so there is an “e” added to “choisi”

· Ces biscuits? Oui, je les ai mang és! ﴾What did I eat? The cookies﴿

Note: “The cookies” is replaced by “les” them and it precedes the verb in the

sentence so there is an “s” added to “mangé”

· J’ai vu Melisa. Je l’ai vu e! ﴾Who did you see? Her/Melisa﴿

BUT : Never use agreement with the indirect object pronouns ex. Lui, leur­ which

are triggered by the preposition à

Exemples:

· J’ai parlé à Melisa. Je lui ai parlé.

· Tu as téléphoné à Marc et Paul. Je leur ai téléphoné.

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The Past Tense with ETRE

FORMATION: Use the verb ETRE in the present tense along with the past participle ONLY with § REFLEXIVE verbs ﴾ex: se laver, s’habiller, se souvenir etc.﴿ and§ DR & MRS VANDERTRAMP verbs.

ÊTREJe suis Nous sommesTu es Vous êtesIl/Elle est Ils sont + the past participle + agreement Qui/On est Elles sont

Ex: Je suis allé/ Elle est allée/ Nous sommes allés/ Ils sont allés

With these verbs, you must make agreement in number

﴾singular/plural﴿ and gender ﴾masc./fem.﴿ between the subject

and past participle.

Add “e” to the past participle if it’s feminine and “s” if it’s

plural.

Arriver

Je suis arrivé ﴾e﴿ Nous sommes arrivés

Tu es arrivé ﴾e﴿Vous êtes arrivé ﴾e﴿﴾s﴿

Il est arrivé Ils sont arrivés

Elle est arrivée Elles sont arrivées

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Example of a reflexive verb in the past tense:

Se laver

Je me suis lavé ﴾e﴿ Nous nous sommes lavés

Tu t’es lavé ﴾e﴿ Vous vous êtes lavé ﴾e﴿﴾s﴿

Il s’est lavé Ils se sont lavés

Elle s’est lavée Elles se sont lavées

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DR & MRS VANDERTRAMP verbs ﴾Movement verbs﴿ :

Devenir ﴾devenu﴿­to become

Revenir ﴾revenu﴿­to come back

Monter­to go upRester­to stay

Sortir­to go out

Venir ﴾venu﴿­to come

Aller­ to go

Naître ﴾né﴿­to be born

Descendre­to go down/descend

Entrer­to enter

Rentrer­to go in or come back in; to come back

Tomber­to fall

Retourner­to return

Arriver­to arrive

Mourir ﴾mort﴿­to die

Partir­to leave

Exemples:

­ Elle est restée à l’école.

­ Nous sommes devenus professeurs.

­ Je suis né le 15 avril, 1994.

*passer ﴾only used in the past tense with être when passing by

something or someone﴿

Ex: Elle est passée par le musée.

*passer conjugated with avoir in the past tense when passing to

someone.

Ex: J’ai passé le livre à Marc.

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Imparfait: (used to/ was or were ...ing)

­ used for: 1.﴿ describing people, feelings, things, age, and weather in the past (How were things? Ex: L’ambiance et le service étaient impressionnants. How were the boys? Ex : Ils étaient tristes.﴿ 2.﴿ repeated or habitual actions. Ex : Chaque été, nous allions à Nice.3.﴿ actions that were in progress. Ex: Je me brossais les dents quand…( I was brushing my teeth when….)

FORMATION: Take the “nous” form of the verb in the present tense, drop the “­ons” and add the following endings:

Je: ­ais Nous: ­ionsTu: ­ais Vous: ­iezIl/Elle: ­ait Ils/Elles: ­aient

Ex: Je jouais Nous jouionsTu jouais Vous jouiezIl/Elle/Qui/On Jouait Ils/Elles jouaient

EXCEPTIONS:1. être : J’étais

2. ­GER verbs *keep the “e” before an “o” or “a”

Nager Ex: Je nageais; Elle nageait; Nous nagions

3. ­CER verbs * add a “cedille” accent under the “c” with je, tu, il﴾s﴿, elle﴾s﴿ but not with “nous” and “vous”

Commencer Ex: Je commençais; Il commençait; Vous commenciez

Some Imparfait TRIGGER WORDS :

ChaqueTous ﴾les samedis....﴿ToujoursSouventLe mardi ﴾or any day of the week﴿

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Imparfait

Passé Composé

Incomplete Action Completed Action Answers the question: “What happened?”

Chaque Tout à coupTous (les samedis....) SoudainementToujours QuandSouvent HierLe mardi (or any day of the week)

Passé (La semaine passée; Samedi passé)

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Futur simple: (will/shall)

FORMATION: Take the infinitive of the verb and add the following avoir endings. The irregular verbs are listed under « Le Conditionnel ».

INFINITIVE + these endings :

Je: ai Nous: onsTu: as Vous: ezIl/Elle:a Ils/Elles: ont

Ex: Je jouerai Nous joueronsTu joueras Vous jouerezIl/Elle/Qui/On jou era Ils/Elles joueront

**Exceptions: Some Irregular stems for future simple and

conditional**

avoir = aur vouloir = voudr

être = ser faire = fer

venir = viendr aller = ir

devoir = devr voir = verr

savoir = saur pouvoir = pourr

recevoir= recevr envoyer=enverr

falloir= faudr

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Conditionnel: (would)

FORMATION: Take the infinitive of the verb and add the following imparfait endings:

INFINITIVE + these endings

Je: ais Nous: ionsTu: ais Vous: iezIl/Elle:ait Ils/Elles: aient

Ex: Je jouerais Nous jouerionsTu jouerais Vous joueriezIl/Elle/Qui/On Jouerait Ils/Elles joueraient

**Exceptions: Some Irregular stems for future simple and

conditional**

avoir = aur vouloir = voudr

être = ser faire = fer

venir = viendr aller = ir

devoir = devr voir = verr

savoir = saur pouvoir = pourr

recevoir= recevr envoyer=enverr

falloir= faudr

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Le subjonctif

­ used to express an action considered in thought rather than reality. It refers to possibility, doubt, regret, joy, desire, uncertainty, wish, or fear. It is preceded by QUE.

FORMATION: Drop the ­ent ending of the third person plural ﴾ils/elles﴿ of the present tense and add these endings:

JE eTU es IL/ELLE eNOUS ionsVOUS iezILS/ELLES ent

The subjonctif often looks like the present tense with –er verbs.

**The “nous” and “vous” form of the subjonctif often look the same as the imparfait.

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Les phrases avec “Si”

¨ Si + présent + futur simple :

Ex: Si j’y vais, je serai heureux. ﴾If I go, I will be happy.﴿

Si + présent + présent

Ex: Elle pleure si elle tombe. ﴾She cries if she falls﴿

Si + présent + impératif

Ex: Si tu veux aller, alors vas­y! ﴾If you want to go, then GO! ﴿

¨ Si + imparfait + conditionnel :

A condition that could happen in the future.

Ex: J’achèterais une voiture de sport si j’étais riche.

﴾I would buy a sports car if I was rich.﴿

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SOME EXPRESSIONS THAT TAKE THE SUBJONCTIF

POSSIBILITY : Il est possible que…Il semble que…

NECESSITY : Il faut que/Il est necessaire que Il est essentiel/important que

Il vaut mieux que…

DOUBT : Je ne pense pas que…Je ne crois pas que…Je doute que…

DESIRE : Je désire que… Je veux que…

Ex:§ Il est possible qu’elle finisse le projet. (It is possible that she will finish the project.)§ Je doute qu’elle comprenne. ( I doubt that she understands)

§ Je veux que nous nous reposions un peu ce fin de semaine. (I want us to relax a bit this weekend. **note that in English we don’t say « I want that » but we do in French.)

SOME IRREGULAR VERBS in the subjunctive:Aller : que j’aille, que tu ailles, qu’il/elle aille, que nous allions, que vous alliez, qu’ils/elles aillent

Avoir : que j’aie, que tu aies, qu’il/elle ait, que nous ayons, que vous ayez, qu’ils/elles aient

Être : que je sois, que tu sois, qu’il/elle soit, que nous soyons, que vous soyez, qu’ils/elles soient

Faire : que je fasse, que tu fasses, qu’il/elle fasse, que nous fassions, que vous fassiez, qu’ils/elles fassent

Vouloir : que je veuille, que tu veuilles, qu’il/elle veuille, que nous voulions, que vous vouliez, qu’ils/elles veuillent

Pouvoir: que je puisse, que tu puisses, qu’il/elle puisse, que nous puissions, que vous puissiez, qu’ils/elles puissent

Savoir: que je sache, que tu saches, qu’il/elle sache, que nous sachions, que vous sachiez, qu’ils/elles sachent

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