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IAED 410Environmental

PsychologyAsst.Prof.Dr. Deniz Hasırcı

Spring 00!"010

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Three Orders in Looking at the Environment

- Three Orders

- Perception- Gestalt

- Cognition

- Cognitive maps

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Three Orders in Looking at the Environment

• Let’s be botanists.

• Not florists categori!e according to color" fragrance.

• Not farmers rank according to marketabilit#.

• Th$s Three Orders

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%. P&'()C*L O+,E+ O+/0 

1. TE++)TO+)*L O+,E+ PL*CE0

2. C3LT3+*L O+,E+ 3N,E+(T*N,)NG0

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Environmental Perception and Cognition

%. Environmental Perception

• Gestalt

1. Environmental Cognitionoperational0

• Cognitive /aps

• 4a#finding

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• Process for gathering information abo$t the 5orld so$rce of

affective responses0.

O67ECT PE+CEPT)ON

• (imple stim$li

 – 6rightness

 – Color 

 – ,epth

 – Percept$al constanc#

 – orm

 – /ovement

%. Environmental Perception

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8Perception-in-action9 

• Perceiver is part of the scene.

• /oving involves m$ltiple perspectives.

• Perceiver is connected b# clear goal.

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Gestalt Ps#cholog#

• The 5hole is more than the s$m of its parts.

• La5s of organi!ation ho5 the brain operates0

• Gestalt 8form9" 8$nified 5hole9" 8config$ration9.

• Gestalt ps#chologists developed five la5s that

govern h$man perception 

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%. La5 of Pro:imit#

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1. La5 of (imilarit#

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2. La5 of Good Contin$ation

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;. La5 of Clos$re

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>. La5 of ig$re?Gro$nd

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• The process of tho$ght that leads to kno5ing 

 – The ps#chological res$lt of perception" learning" recogni!ing"

reasoning.

 – +efers to the mental f$nctions and processes tho$ghts0.

 – &o5 5e ac@$ire" store" organi!e" recall information abo$tlocations" distances" and arrangements in spaces.

• http??555.vimeo.com?;A;%B2

• http??vimeo.com?1B;;1<

1. Environmental Cognition

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4hat is #o$r 8image of the cit#9D

• &o5 might o$r $nderstanding of ho5 people develop mental

images of the environment help $s design spaces better fitted

to $sers’ needsD

• Environmental cognition can contrib$te to practical

environmental design.

evin L#nch’s )mage of the Cit#

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4h# Legibilit#D

• *ids navigation

• G$ides social interaction• Prevents feeling lost

• &elps make the environment feel like 8home9

• (ome environments are more legible than others

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eat$res of Cognitive /aps 

• L#nch %F>A0 – ive important elements of legibilit#0 in mental maps ofcities

• Path  distinctive thread that gives direction.• Edge  the bo$ndar# bet5een t5o areas.

• Node important path5a#s come together" activit#.

• ,istrict  medi$m?large area 5ith a common identit#.

• Landmark  reference point that stands o$t d$e to

shape" height" color" or historic importance.

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• Path

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• E#ge

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• $o#e

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• District

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• %an#mar& 

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• (ee #o$ ne:t 5eekH

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L*(T 4EE

Environmental Perception and Cognition

%. Environmental Perception

• Gestalt

1. Environmental Cognition

operational0

• Cognitive /aps

• Legibilit#

• 4a#finding

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4a#finding• 4a#finding an internal ps#chological process" se@$ence

of problem-solving activities.

• The process b# 5hich 5e navigate in o$r environment.

• Ne5comers to an environment e:perience the stressf$l

feeling of being lost learned process.

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• Effects of (ignage and loor Plan Config$ration on 4a#finding *cc$rac# IEnvironment and6ehavior" Jol. 12" No. 1M decrease inbacktracking across the five settings. &o5ever" plan config$ration 5as fo$nd to e:ert a significantinfl$ence regardless of signage" beca$se the 5a#finding performance of participants 5ith access tosignage in the most comple: settings remained e@$ivalent to" or significantl# poorer than" those in thesimplest settings 5ith no signage.

» E,+*" )NO+/*4O+L," ,E()GN (&*+E" N(C3-3,

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%. Perceiving Config$rations

• Live Config$rations

• Control vs. O5nership

• Control Games

• Overlap of orm and Territor#

1. 6asic Theories of Environment and 6ehavior 

T&)( 4EE

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• ,oes control mean o5nershipD

 – 6orro5ed f$rnit$re" e@$ipment" spacesD

• Environmental game

 – 4atch the game

 – Observe live config$rations

 – ,ed$ce r$les

 – Not to ask agents 5hat" b$t 5h# and ho5.

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• P$blic (paces Overlap of orm and Territor#

• /anip$lation of p$blic space

• Claiming territor# thro$gh $se of space

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• aha &adid 6$rnham Pavilion" Chicago

• http??vimeo.com?>F2F>

• http??vimeo.com?>F21F1

Ethics'(al)es an# Attit)#es

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Ethics'(al)es

Attit)#es

*ehavior

Environmental Effects

Ethics'(al)es an# Attit)#es

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9aplan an# 9aplan Preference 8o#el

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1. oherence-  ma&ing sense an )n#erstan#a2leconte3t

. %egi2ility-  the promise of ma&ing sense for theperson

5. omple3ity- involvement6 n)m2er an# variety of

elements 7ithin a scene4. 8ystery-  the promise of involvement

9aplan an# 9aplan Preference 8o#el

: ,emem2er %ynch;s Spatial Descriptors

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1. oherence- ease of organizing an# str)ct)ring parts6)nits6 ch)n&s6 2loc&s or scene elements.

•

Patterns that res)lt from many similar an# repeatingparts allo7 for easier h)man comprehensionsimilarity'pro3imity.

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. %egi2ility- is fo)n# in an environment that loo&s as ifone co)l# e3plore e3tensively 7itho)t getting lost.

• +n#ierentiate# sameness ca)ses lo7 legi2ility. 

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5. omple3ity- a re=ection of 7hether there is eno)ghpresent in the scene to &eep one mentally occ)pie#. 

• >oo little is 2oring6 too m)ch is over7helming.

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4. 8ystery- occ)rs 7hen a scene provi#es partialinformation a2o)t 7hat lies ahea#6 invitinge3ploration.

• >hings are o2sc)re# in s)ch a 7ay as to reveal theirpresence 2)t not their f)ll i#entity.

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• See you next week!