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Community Design and Planning and Evaluation
Koichi MIYOSHI: Professor (Dr.), Graduate School of Asia Pacific Studies,Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University [email protected] OKABE: Bureau Chief,Institute for Community Design
12015/04 Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.
Community Capacity Developmentand Policy Structure Model
Outcomes of Community(Change of
Society)
Functions
Strategic Components
Decentralization
Historical Condition and Context
Intermediate Outcomes(Change of
Target Group)
Outputs Activities Inputs
Community
ImplementationOutcomes
Characteristics of Community Capacity
2015/04 2K. Miyoshi & Y. Okabe
Community Policy Structure
Community Capacity
Community Capacity Developmentand Policy Structure Model
Decentralization
Historical Condition and Context
2015/04 3Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.
Outcomes of Community(Change of
Society)
FunctionsEvaluationPlanning Implementation
Strategic ComponentsHuman Resources: ChampionsLeadership: Community LeadersOrganizations for Collective activitiesNetwork: Relational Capital
Intermediate Outcomes(Change of
Target Groups)
Outputs Inputs
CommunityImplementation
Outcomes
Characteristics of Community CapacitySense of CommunityCommitmentsAbility to Set and Achieve ObjectivesAbility to Recognize and Access to Resources
Community Capacity
EconomicFormal/InformalCollective/Individual
SocialFormal/InformalCollective/Individual
EnvironmentalFormal/InformalCollective/Individual
Political
Formal/InformalCollective/Individual
Activities
Community Policy Structure
Higher Value Added and
Better Well-being Policy Structure
(Collective Activities)
+
Community Capacity
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Transition of the Community
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Oyama-Machi Stakeholders
6
Inside of Oyama Machi
Oyama Yusen
Broadcast
Oyama Agricultural Cooperativ
e
Committee for Dam
Construction
Oyama Town
Outside of Oyama Machi
Public Market
Outside of Oyama Machi
6
Traditional Farmers
2015/04 Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.
Oyama-Machi Stakeholders
7
Inside of Oyama Machi
Oyama Yusen
Broadcast
Oyama Agricultural Cooperativ
e
Committee for Dam
Construction
Young Farmers Study Group
Plum Producers
Oyama Town
Community Center
Softball Teams
Oita Prefecture
Ministry of Agriculture
IsraelMekid
Outside of Oyama Machi
Public Market
Outside of Oyama Machi
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Oyama-Machi Stakeholders
8
Inside of Oyama Machi
Oyama Yusen
Broadcast
Oyama Agricultural Cooperativ
e
Committee for Dam
Construction
Enoki Mushroo
m Producers
Vegetable Producers
Producer Groups
Young Farmers Study Group
Plum Producers
Oyama Town
Various Study
Groups
Community Center
Softball Teams
Oita Prefecture
Ministry of Agriculture
IsraelMekid
Outside of Oyama Machi
Public Market
Outside of Oyama Machi
82015/04 Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.
Oyama-Machi Stakeholders
9
Inside of Oyama Machi
Oyama Yusen
Broadcast
Oyama Agricultur
al Cooperativ
e
Committee for Dam
Construction
Ume-boshi Contest
Enoki Mushroo
m Producers
Vegetable Producers
Producer Groups
Young Farmers Study Group
Plum Producers
Ogirihata Green Tourism
Study Group
Oyama Town
Konohana Garten
Oyama Cable TV
Co. Ltd.Oyama Yume
Kobo
Hibiki-no-sato
Various Study
Groups
Community Center
Softball Teams
Organic Restaurants
Roadside Station
Mizube-no-Sato
Oita Prefecture
Ministry of Agriculture
IsraelMekid
Outside of Oyama Machi
Fukuoka CityOyama Life Counsel in
Fukuoka
Antenna Shops
Public Market
Customers of Konohana
GartenCustomers: Consumers
Oyama Dream ClubAntenna Shop
Outside of Oyama Machi
92015/04 Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.
Oyama-Machi Stakeholders
10
Inside of Oyama Machi
Oyama Yusen
Broadcast
Oyama Agricultural Cooperativ
e
Committee for Dam
Construction
Ume-boshi Contest
Enoki Mushroo
m Producers
Vegetable Producers
Producer Groups
Young Farmers Study Group
Plum Producers
Ogirihata Green Tourism
Study Group
Hita-CityOyama Town
Konohana Garten
Hita City Cable TV
Co. Ltd.Oyama Yume
Kobo
Hibiki-no-sato
Various Study
Groups
Community Center
Softball Teams
Organic Restaurants
Roadside Station
Mizube-no-Sato
Oita Prefecture
Ministry of Agriculture
IsraelMekid
Outside of Oyama Machi
Fukuoka CityOyama Life Counsel in
Fukuoka
Antenna Shops
Public Market
Customers of Konohana
GartenCustomers: Consumers
Oyama Dream ClubAntenna Shop
Outside of Oyama Machi
10
Hita City
Out-side members
2015/04 Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.
Policy Structure
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Community Policy Structure Model
12
Outcomes of CommunityChange of Society)
Intermediate OutcomesChange of
target group
Implementation
Outcomes
EconomicFormal,Market/InformalCommunal/CollectiveIndividual/Institution
SocialFormal/InformalCommunal/CollectiveIndividual/Institution
Environmental Formal/InformalCommunal/CollectiveIndividual/Institution
PoliticalFormal/InformalCommunal/CollectiveIndividual/Institution
Activities
Outputs Inputs
2015/04 Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.
Community Policy Structure
Community, group and individual activities : Collective Activities
Includes production processes, development initiatives, activities, projects, events etc
May be economic, social, political Both informal and formal in nature
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Outcome and Output
14
Result : Ends
Indirect ControlOutcome
OutputImplementation : Means
Direct Control
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Policy Structure (Program Theory)
15
End OutcomeIntermediate
Outcome Outputs
Activities Input
Outcomes Implementation
2015/04 Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.
Policy Structure (Program Theory)
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Intermediate Outcome Change of
Target Group A
Intermediate Outcome Change of
Target Group C
Intermediate Outcome Change of
Target Group B
Output A-2
Output B
Output C
Output A-1
End Outcome Change of Society
2015/04 Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.
Policy Structure (Program Theory)
17
Intermediate Outcome Change of
Target Group A
Intermediate Outcome Change of
Target Group C
Intermediate Outcome Change of
Target Group B
Output A-2
Output B
Output C
Output A-1
End Outcome Change of Society
Intervention from Outside Organization 2015/04 Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.
Policy Structure/Objectives Tree
PolicyEnd OutcomeOverall Goal
ProgramIntermediate Outcome
Project Purpose
ProgramIntermediate Outcome
Project Purpose
ProjectOutputs
ProjectOutputs
ProjectOutputs
ProjectOutputs
ProjectOutputs
ProjectOutputs
18
Breakdown of policy
Higher level of results
2015/04 Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.
Policy Structure (Program Theory Matrix: PTM)
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Policy(End Outcome)
Program(Intermediate Outcome)
Project
(Output) (Activity) (Input)
PolicyChange of Society-Indictors
Program A Change of Target group (A)-Indicators
Project A-1 Products and Services of ProjectIndicators
A-1 A-1
A-2 A-2 A-1
Program BChange of Target Group (B)-Indicators
B-1 B-1 B-1
B-2 B-2 B-2
2015/04 Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.
Change of PS and CC
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PolicyEnd Outcome
Program
IntermediateOutcome
ProjectOutput
lActivities
lInput
PolicyEnd Outcome
Program
IntermediateOutcome
ProjectOutput
lActivities
lInput
PolicyEnd Outcome
Program
IntermediateOutcome
ProjectOutput
lActivities
lInput
IVII
PolicyEnd Outcome
Program
IntermediateOutcome
ProjectOutput
lActivities
lInput
PolicyEnd Outcome
Program
IntermediateOutcome
ProjectOutput
lActivities
lInput
I VIII
Low level of Community Capacity High Level of Community Capacity
Towards Higher Value Added and Better Well-being Policy Structure
2015/04 Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.
Elements of Community Capacity
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Community Capacity Development Model
22
Outcome of Community
(Change of Society)
Community Capacity
FunctionPlanning ImplementationEvaluation
Strategic ComponentHuman ResourcesLeadershipOrganizationNetwork
Decentralization
Historical condition and context
Characteristics of Community Capacity
Sense of CommunityCommitmentsAbility to S et and A chieve objectivesAbility to Recognize and A ccess to Resources
2015/04 Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.
Community Capacity
The ability of a community to produce outcomes in society which organizations and individuals produce as the result of their collective activities by utilizing available resources to them (human resources, physical, social and organizational resources)
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Community Capacity
Collective Activities + Individual Activities
24
Supporting System /Supporting Facilities
2015/04 Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.
Characteristics of Community Capacity
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Characteristics of Community Capacity
Sense of community Commitment Ability to set and achieve objectives Ability to recognize and access to
resources
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Sense of Community
Reflect a degree of connectedness among members and recognition of mutuality of circumstances.
Common Values Common Norms Common Visions Common Identities
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Commitment
The responsibility that particular individuals, groups, or organizations take for what happens in the community.
The recognition of themselves as stakeholders in the collective well-being of the community.
The willingness to participate actively as stakeholders.
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Ability to Set and Achieve Objectives
The ability to translate commitment into action.
Existence of objectives setting and achieving mechanisms in the context of the changing environment.
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Ability to Recognize and Access to Resources
Resources: human, economic, physical, political, organizational.
Within and beyond the community. Linkages inside and outside the
community.
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Strategic Elements of the Community
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Strategic Components of Community Capacity
Human resources Leadership Organizations Networks in or related to the community
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Values
Norms
Rules
Existing Values
Existing Norms
Existing Rules
New Values
New Norms
New Rules
Leader
Role of Leader for Community Change
ReformulationIntroduction
Community Capacity
2015/04 Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.
Networks and Their Interaction
34
Formal NetworkWithin Community
Formal NetworksBeyond Community
Informal NetworksWithin Community
Informal NetworksBeyond Community
Valued, Norms, Rules of Community
2015/04 Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.
Strategic Components of Community Capacity
Human resources
Who is the best in -----? Leadership
Individual Leadership → Community Leadership
Organizations
Support Collective Activities Networks in or related to the community
Know Who > Know How
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Community Functions
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Function of Community Capacity
Planning Implementation Evaluation
Ability to plan, implement and evaluate a community policy structure by focusing community’s collective activities to achieve the expected change of the community .
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Group Discussion on Community Capacity
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Group Discussion Choose one or two items from each category for group discussion
Strategic Components of Community Capacity Leadership Organizations Networks in or related to the community Human resource
Characteristics of Community Capacity Sense of community Commitment Ability to set and achieve objectives Ability to recognize and access to resources
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Role of Leader for Community Change(Group Discussion)
Question 1: What kind of leadership do you think is interesting for rural development in your target area?
Question 2: Why do you think it is interesting?
Question 3: How do you utilize such leadership for rural development?
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Organizations in Community (Group Discussion) Question 1: What kind of organization do you
think is interesting for rural development in your target area?
Question 2: Why do you think it is interesting?
Question 3: How do you utilize such organization for rural development?
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Networks and Their Interaction (Group Discussion) Question 1: What kind of network do you
think is interesting for rural development in your target area?
Question 2: Why do you think it is interesting?
Question 3: How do you utilize such network for rural development?
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Human Resources (Group Discussion)
Question 1: What kind of human resource do you think is interesting for rural development in your target area?
Question 2: Why do you think it is interesting?
Question 3: How do you utilize such human resouce for rural development?
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Sense of Community (Group Discussion)
Question 1: What kind of sense of community do you think is interesting for rural development in your target area?
Question 2: Why do you think it is interesting?
Question 3: How do you utilize such sense of community for rural development?
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Commitment (Group Discussion)
Question 1: What kind of commitment do you think is interesting for rural development in your target area?
Question 2: Why do you think it is interesting?
Question 3: How do you utilize such commitment for rural development?
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Ability to Set and Achieve Objectives (Group Discussion) Question 1: What kind of ability to set and
achieve objectives do you think is interesting for rural development in your target area?
Question 2: Why do you think it is interesting? Question 3: How do you utilize such ability to set
and achieve objectives for rural development?
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Ability to Recognize and Access to Resources (Group Discussion)
Question 1: What kind of ability to recognize and access to resources do you think is interesting for rural development in your target area?
Question 2: Why do you think it is interesting? Question 3: How do you utilize such ability to
recognize and access to resources for rural development?
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THANK YOU
482015/04 Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.