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It is process ofinstructing, guiding and inspiring
human factors in the organization.
Directing includes following elements: -
1. Leadership
2. Motivation
3. Communication
UNIT IV DIRECTING
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It is an integral part of management. Leader is one who
makes his subordinates to do work willing, what he want.
Leadership is the process ofinfluencing the behaviourof others towards the accomplishment of goals with
in a given situation.
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Nature of Leadership: -
Influencing others
Relationship b/t two or more people
Leader must have followers
It is a continuous process to guide followers
Exercised in a particular situation
Importance of Leadership :-Motivating employees
Leader develops team work
Better utilization of ManpowerCreating confidence to followers
Directing group activities
Building morale
Maintenance of discipline
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Traits of leadership: -1. Physical qualities:- Sound health, vitality,
appearance, physical and nervous energy,
forcefulness, physique, enthusiasm
2. Intelligence qualities:- High intelligence, soundjudgment, ability to teach, scientific approach,
decisiveness, self understanding.
3. Morale qualities:-Integrity, moral courage, fair play,
will power, sense of purpose, objectivity.
4. Social qualities:- Ability to inspire, tact, self-confidence, empathy, initiative, knowledge of nature
human relations.
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Leaders are not born, developed by
experience and training.
Styles of leadership:-The word leadership implies responsibility, authority and
status, but power and decision making provide the
foundations for leadership.A leader has to lead different styles or types of
subordinates and has to adopt different styles for leading
them according to situations. The behavioral theory
includes the following main types of leadership styles.
1) Autocratic or authoritarian leadership style.2) Democratic or participative leadership style.
3) Laissez faire or free rein leadership style.
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Mgt is art of getting work done, which is of difficult
task. So mgt needs inspiring & motivating people toaccomplishing the task in a given time.
Scoot defines Motivation is process of
to accomplish desired goals .
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Nature of Motivation: -
Unending process
Psychological processBehavioral concept
Motivation can be ve /+ve
Importance of Motivation :- on the part of employees to work
in a .
Proper motivationand helps to
Increased and .
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Analyzing of situation
Preparing motivation techniques
Selecting appropriate tool/ technique
Application/ Implementation
Follow up
Motivation process: - Acc to M.A. Jucius thefollowing steps can be adopted in the process.
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Types of motivation:-1) Positive Motivation
Economic benefits, Participation in DM, Recog,
Appreciation, pride & delegation of Auth Respons.
1) Negative Motivation (Force, fear and threats)
Demotion, dismissed, lay-off, pay- cut.
1) Extrinsic Motivation (external factors)Higher pay, retirement benefit, rest periods,
holidays, profit sharing schemes, health & medical
insurance, vacations.
1) Intrinsic Motivation (at the time of performance)
Praise (honor or congratulate), recog,
responsibility, esteem, power, participation .
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Motivation Theories: -
S:N Theory - X (-ve) Theory - Y (+ve)1 Lack of self- Motivation Self- Motivated
2 Authority is centralized Decentralized
3 Leads to Autocratic leadership Democratic Leadership
4 External ctrl, threatening &close supervision is required.
Self directed & self control
5 Unambitious Ambitious / determined
6 Less creativity & resist tochange
High degree of imagination
7 Pessimistic, static & rigid Optimistic, dynamic &
flexible
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An American psychologist was a pioneer of human
needs.5. Self- actualization
needs
4. Esteem
needs
3. Social needs
2. Safety needs
1. Physiological needs/ basic
needs
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It is the process of expressing ideas, thoughts, feelings,
expressions either verbally or non- verbally.(Or)
Is the process of passing information from one person to
another.
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Process of Communication:-
Sen
der
Receiv
er
Information
Encod
ing
Deco
ding
Me
dia
FeedBack
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Methods of Communication:-
1) Based on Flow
Communication
1)
Upw
ard
2)Commun
ication
Horizo
ntal
C
ommunication
1)Down
ward
Commun
ication
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2) Based on organization:-
Communication
* Written
*Oral
Informal
Communication
1)FormalCommunication
* Work related
*People related
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3) Based on Expression:-
Communication
* Written
*Oral
Non-verbalVerbal
* Body language
*Eye contacts
* Signals ., etc.
B i f C i ti
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Barriers of Communication:-1) Physical Barriers:- (environmental factors)
Distance, Noise, Loud speaker., etc.
2) Semantic Barriers:- Grammar, Language, Picture, Action (Non-
Verbal)
3) Psychological Barriers:-
Attitude, Motives, Pre-estimation,
Sentiments.
4) Organizational Barriers:-
Breakage in flow and inferiority.5) Mechanical Barriers:-
Defective procedure, practice, poor officelayout, facts and figures.
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Be a good Leader, Motivator and Communicator
T Qwith regards GBS