► Before the Before the Revolutionary War, the Revolutionary War, the British created a British created a boundary between boundary between Native American lands Native American lands and the colonies. and the colonies.

► The Iroquois The Iroquois Confederacy (North) was Confederacy (North) was destroyed and the destroyed and the Cherokee (South) were Cherokee (South) were forced West. forced West.

► American settlers moved American settlers moved across the Appalachian across the Appalachian Mountains onto their Mountains onto their new lands. new lands.

The death of Jane McCrea led many Americans to label

Natives as ‘savage.’

► The Miami Confederacy The Miami Confederacy and their British ally kill and their British ally kill 623 U.S. soldiers.623 U.S. soldiers.

► The worst defeat of a U.S. The worst defeat of a U.S. military force at the hand military force at the hand of Native Americans. of Native Americans.

The death of General Richard Butler.

The Chief of the Miami-people, was a brilliant military leader who led them

in the victory at Wabash River.

As a term of Jay’s Treaty, the British would abandon their alliance with the Miami Confederacy.

► General “Mad Anthony” General “Mad Anthony” Wayne led the Legion of the Wayne led the Legion of the United States against the United States against the Miami Confederacy.Miami Confederacy.

► Without British support the Without British support the Native Americans were Native Americans were routed.routed.

Fort Wayne, Indiana is named after General Wayne.

After the Battle of Fallen Timbers the Americans had complete After the Battle of Fallen Timbers the Americans had complete control of the Northwest Territory.control of the Northwest Territory.

► The U.S. compensated The U.S. compensated the Natives with money the Natives with money for goods lost in the for goods lost in the battles in exchange for battles in exchange for land. land. The Ohio River was no The Ohio River was no

longer a permanent longer a permanent boundary between boundary between Natives and settlers.Natives and settlers.

Natives lost 2/3 of Natives lost 2/3 of Southern Ohio.Southern Ohio.

In exchange for goods (blankets, utensils, and domestic animals) valued at $20,000, the Natives gave the U.S. most of modern-day Ohio, the future

sites of Columbus and Cincinnati.

It was becoming obvious that that the Native Americans were in a weakened condition and stood to lose even more land.

Native American chiefs proposed four options in dealing with westward expansion.

I. Accept White CultureI. Accept White Culture► Little Turtle made peace with

the white settlers and adopted some of their customs.

► Along with other Natives, he tried to live in peace with Americans.

Little Turtle accepted the belief “if you can not

beat them, join them.”

► Seneca religious leader Seneca religious leader who fought against the who fought against the Americans in the Americans in the Revolution.Revolution.

► After the War, he was After the War, he was confined to a confined to a reservationreservation.. Land set aside by Land set aside by

the government for the government for Natives.Natives.

Handsome Lake (top) and Chief Cornplanter (bottom) were half-

brothers.

Native American Reservations

The closest Native American Reservation is 85 miles north of Titusville.

► Handsome Lake proposed blending Indian traditions with American culture.

► Handsome Lake and Little Turtle believed in assimilation. People of one culture

merge into and become part of another culture.

II. Blending CulturesII. Blending Cultures

► A.k.a “the prophet”A.k.a “the prophet”

► Religious leader of the Religious leader of the Shawnee.Shawnee.

► Established Prophetstown Established Prophetstown along the Wabash River.along the Wabash River.

► Had a strong hatred for Had a strong hatred for European values.European values.

► Opposing assimilation, Tenskwatawa forbid Natives to adopt American culture.

► Natives should stay true to their roots and traditions.

III. Return to Native III. Return to Native TraditionsTraditions

► Chief of the Shawnee. Chief of the Shawnee.

► Brother of Tenkwatawa.Brother of Tenkwatawa.

► His father was killed His father was killed fighting the British.fighting the British.

► His mother and him were His mother and him were displaced by the westward displaced by the westward migration of Americans.migration of Americans.

Tecumseh refused to negotiate with the U.S. in the Treaty of

Greenville.

► To prevent westward migration, Tecumseh rallied every tribe, that would listen, to war.

► He warned Governor Harrison that if the U.S. continued to take lands he would act.

IV. Taking Military ActionIV. Taking Military Action

► Considering the threat, he Considering the threat, he gathered a 1,000 troops gathered a 1,000 troops and marched on and marched on Prophetstown.Prophetstown.

► Tenskwatawa, going Tenskwatawa, going against Tecumseh’s against Tecumseh’s orders, attacks Harrison. orders, attacks Harrison.

William Henry Harrison would become the ninth

President of the U.S.

Tenskwatawa prophesized that the Whiteman’s bullets would bounce off of the Shawnee warriors.

► Natives attack with Natives attack with fewer people, and have fewer people, and have fewer casualties, but fewer casualties, but they are forced to they are forced to retreat.retreat.

► Harrison burns the Harrison burns the abandoned abandoned Prophetstown.Prophetstown.

With the defeat at the Battle of Tippecanoe, Tecumseh's Confederacy and faith in Tenkwatawa eroded.