4 IFE FireCode2013Chap1&2 Part1 MdmEng

7/27/2019 4 IFE FireCode2013Chap1&2 Part1 MdmEng

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SEMINAR @ MBS


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GENERAL + MEANS OF ESCAPE (Part One)

By Mdm Eng Yew Hoon


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OLD CLAUSE

A space mainly used as means ofaccess between a room or protectedshaft and an exit from the building orcompartment

Chapter 1 : Definitionsclause 1.2.10 : circulation space

AMENDED CLAUSE

A space mainly used as means of accessbetween a room or protected shaft andan exit from the building orcompartment. It shall not contain any

commercial activity such asinformation and reception counter,exhibition and the like.


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Chapter 1 : Definitionsclause 1.2.10 : circulation space


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OLD CLAUSE

A storey of the building withhabitable room. A habitable roommeans any room not less than 6.5 m2in area and does not include any

bathroom, water-closet, openverandah, terrace, garage and liftmotor room

Chapter 1 : Definitionsclause 1.2.36 : habitable floor

AMENDED CLAUSE

A floor or part thereof, including rooflevel, regardless whether it is openedto sky or not, designated to be used forany purpose/activity other than

housing lift motors, fire pumps, watersupply pumps, cooling towers andwater tanks. Such purpose/activityshall include terrace, garden andplayground and other M & E plants.


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NOT HABITABLE FLOOR

Chapter 1 : Definitionsclause 1.2.36 : habitable floor

HABITABLE FLOOR

By introducing a strip ofroof garden has changed

a non habitable roof to

habitable roof


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OLD CLAUSE

The "occupant load" of a building or partthereof means the total number of personsthat may occupy such building or part thereofat any one time.

The "occupant load" shall be establishedeither:

(a) by applying to the floor areas availablefor occupation based on the appropriateareas per person as laid down in Table 1.2A,or

(b) by the actual number of occupants forwhom each occupied space of the building isdesigned as shown on the plans,

whichever is greater unless otherwisepermitted by the Relevant Authority

Chapter 1 : Definitionsclause 1.2.45 : occupancy load

AMENDED CLAUSE

The "occupant load" of a building or partthereof means the total number of personsthat may occupy such building or partthereof at any one time.

The occupant load shall be established

either:(a) by applying to the floor areas availablefor occupation based on the appropriateareas per person as laid down in Table1.2A, or

(b) by the actual number of occupants for

whom each occupied space of the buildingis designed as shown on the plans,

whichever is greater unless otherwisepermitted by the Relevant Authority. or bythe number of fixed seating, ifapplicable, for Assembly Occupancies.


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FOR LOOSE SEATINGS

The "occupant load" shall beestablished by applying to the floorareas available for occupation basedon the appropriate areas per person aslaid down in Table 1.2A

Chapter 1 : Definitionsclause 1.2.45 : occupancy load

FOR FIXED SEATINGS

Occupant load can be established bynumber of fixed seats for assemblyoccupancies only (eg. Auditorium)


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OLD TABLE

Factory as defined in the Factories Act,(Chapter 104), 1973

Chapter 1 : DefinitionsTable 1.2A: v- Factory

AMENDED TABLE

A factory refers to any industrialpremises with manufacturing,processing, servicing or testing activities


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OLD CLAUSE

Entry at every storey level to an exit

staircase of any building or part of a

building of more than four storeys above

ground level shall be through:

(a) ..

(b) Smoke-stop lobby

Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.2.13(b) : Smoke Free approach to exit staircase

AMENDED CLAUSE

Entry at every storey level (including 1st

storey) to an exit staircase of any building or

part of a building of more than four storeys

above ground level shall be through:

(a) ..



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AMENDED CLAUSE

Entry at every storey level (including 1st storey) to an exit staircase of any building orpart of a building of more than four storeys above ground level shall be through:

(a) ..


StaircaseA

StaircaseB


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OLD CLAUSE


AMENDED CLAUSE

Over looked by QP

1st storey 1st storey

Smoke StopLobby


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OLD CLAUSE

Entry at every storey level to an exit staircase of anybuilding or part of a building of more than fourstoreys above ground level shall be through:

(a) ..


a lobby that is separated from the adjoining areas ofthe building by a wall having a fire resistance of atleast 1 hour. The exit access door shall have fireresistance of at least half an hour fitted withautomatic self-closing device conforming to therequirements of Cl.3.9.2. The design of asmoke-stop lobby must be such as not to impedemovement of occupants through the escape route.

The floor area of a smoke-stop lobby shall be notless than 3m and if a smoke-stop lobby also servesas a fire fighting lobby, the floor area shall be notsmaller than 6m and with no dimension smallerthan 2m. The floor shall be graded from the lift doortowards the lobby door with a fall not exceeding 1 in200.

Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.2.13 : Smoke Free approach to exit staircase

AMENDED CLAUSE

Entry at every storey level (including 1st storey) to anexit staircase of any building or part of a building ofmore than four storeys above ground level shall bethrough:

(a) ..


a lobby that is separated from the adjoining areas ofthe building by a wall having a fire resistance ofat least1 hour. The exit access door shall have fire resistance ofat least half an hour fitted with automatic self-closingdevice conforming to the requirements of Cl.3.9.2. Thedesign of a smoke-stop lobby must be such as not toimpede movement of occupants through the escape

route. The floor area of a smoke-stop lobby shall be notless than 3m and if a smoke-stop lobby also serves as afire-fighting lobby, the floor area shall be not smallerthan 6 m and with no dimension smaller than 2m. Thefloor shall be graded from the lift door towards thelobby door with a fall not exceeding 1 in 200.


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OLD CLAUSE

A smoke-stop lobby shall be ventilated by:

(i) permanent fixed ventilation openings

in the external wall of the lobby; such

ventilation openings shall have an area of

not less than 15% of the floor area of thelobby and located not more than 9m from

any part of the lobby, or

Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.2.13(b)(i) : Smoke-stop lobby ventilation

AMENDED CLAUSE


(i) permanent fixed ventilation openings in theexternal wall of the lobby; such ventilationopenings shall have an area of not less than 15 percent of the floor area of the lobby and located not

more than 9m from an air-well or externalrecessed space of minimum clear area 93m andminimum width of 6m. The air-well or externalrecessed space shall have no obstructionvertically throughout the air space forventilation; or


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Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.2.13(b)(i) : Smoke-stop lobby ventilation

Air well 6m & area >93m2)Constitute effectiveventilation for smokefree lobby

Ventilationopening 15%lobby area


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OLD CLAUSE


(ii) mechanical ventilation complying with

the requirements in Chapter 7, or

Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.2.13(b)(ii) : Smoke-stop lobby ventilation

AMENDED CLAUSE


(ii) mechanical ventilation, except for PurposeGroup II, complying with the requirements inChapter 7, or


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OLD CLAUSE


(iv) cross-ventilated corridor having fixed

ventilation openings in at least two

external walls. The openings to each part

of the external walls shall not be less than50 per cent of the superficial area of the

wall enclosing the corridors. No part of

the floor area of the corridor shall be at a

distance of more than 13m from any

ventilation openings.

Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.2.13(b)(iv) : Smoke-stop lobby ventilation

AMENDED CLAUSE


(iv) cross-ventilated corridor having fixedventilation openings in at least two opposingexternal walls. The openings to each part of theexternal walls shall not be less than 50 per cent of

the superficial area of the opposing external wallswall enclosing the corridors. No part of the floorarea of the corridor shall be at a distance of morethan 13m from any ventilation openings.


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AMENDED CLAUSE

A smoke-stop lobby shall beventilated by:

(iv) cross-ventilated corridorhaving fixed ventilationopenings in at least two

opposingexternal walls. Theopenings to each part of theexternal walls shall not be lessthan 50 per cent of thesuperficial area of the opposingexternal walls wall enclosingthe corridors. No part of the

floor area of the corridor shallbe at a distance of more than13m from any ventilationopenings.


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Unit 2

Unit 3

Unit 1

Unit 4

Unit 5

Unit 6

Unit 7

Not having fixed ventilationopenings in at least twoopposingexternal walls

Not to be considered ascross ventilation


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Acceptableas crossventilated


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Not Acceptableas crossventilated


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Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.3.3(a): Internal Exit Staircases

OLD CLAUSE

Cl.2.3.3 (a) Internal exit staircase

(i) ..

(ii) ..

(iii) Unprotected openings

there shall be no unprotectedopenings of occupancy area within

1.5m horizontally or within 3mvertically below any part of theventilation openings located in theexternal wall of the internal exitstaircase.

AMENDED CLAUSE

Cl.2.3.3 (a) Internal exit staircase

(i) ..

(ii) ..

(iii) Unprotected openings

there shall be no unprotected openingsof occupancy area within 1.5m

horizontally or within 3m verticallybelow any part of the ventilationopenings including final dischargeopenings located in the external wall ofthe internal exit staircase.


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Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.3.3(a): Internal Exit Staircases


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Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.3.3(c)(i): Discharge

OLD CLAUSEAll exit staircases shall discharge at groundlevel directly into a safe exterior openspace. However, in sprinkler protectedbuilding, maximum 50% of the totalbuilding exits may be allowed to dischargedirectly to the ground level circulationspace subject to the following:

(i) The discharge point of the exit staircaseshall be at a location in the circulationspace at ground level within sight of andwith direct access to a safe exterior openspace; and

(ii) The maximum distance between the

discharge point of an exit staircase and theexterior open space shall not exceed 10m.

(iii) The clear width of the exit doorsleading to the safe exterior open spaceshall be adequate to receive the occupantload in the 1st storey circulation space andthe total number of people dischargingfrom the internal exit staircases.

AMENDED CLAUSE(i) All exit staircases shall discharge at ground level directly into a

safe exterior space opened to the sky. Open-sided externalcorridor which does not have any commercial activity and notmore than 5m measured to the building eave line shall beconsidered as safe exterior open space . In a sprinklerprotected building, maximum 50% of the total number of exitstaircase is allowed to be discharged directly to the ground levelcovered circulation space subject to the following:

(1) The discharge point of the exit staircase into the ground levelcirculation space shallbe within sight of and with direct access to asafe exterior open space; and

(2) The maximum distance between the discharge point of an exitstaircase and the exterior open space opened to the skyshall notexceed 10m; and

(3) Where there are commercial activities e.g. shops or kiosks/cartslocated along one side or both sides of the designated escapepassageway leading to the safe exterior open space, a minimumseparation distance of 10m shall be maintained between the

commercial activities and the designated escape passageway.The circulation space shall also be installed with engineeredsmoke control system. Alternatively the commercial activitiesshall be fire compartmented with walls and doors of minimumone-hour fire resistance rating.

(4) The clear width of the exit doors leading to the safe exterior openspace shall be adequate to receive the occupant load in the 1ststorey circulation space and the total number of people dischargingfrom the internal exit staircases >>>>>


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Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.3.3(c )(i): Discharge

AMENDED CLAUSE(i) All exit staircases shall discharge

at ground level directly into a safeexterior space opened to thesky. Open-sided externalcorridor which does not have any

commercial activity and notmore than 5m measured to thebuilding eave line shall beconsidered as safe exterior openspace. In a sprinklerprotected building, maximum50% of the total number of exit

staircase is allowed to bedischarged directly to the groundlevel covered circulation spacesubject to the following:

>>>>>


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Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.3.3(c )(i): Discharge

AMENDED CLAUSEground level covered circulation space subjectto the following:

(1) The discharge point of the exit staircase into the groundlevel circulation space shallbe within sight of and withdirect access to a safe exterior open space; and

(2) The maximum distance between the discharge point of anexit staircase and the exterior open space opened to the

skyshall not exceed 10m; and

(3) Where there are commercial activities e.g.shops or kiosks/carts located along one sideor both sides of the designated escapepassageway leading to the safe exterior openspace, a minimum separation distance of 10mshall be maintained between the commercialactivities and the designated escapepassageway. The circulation space shall alsobe installed with engineered smoke controlsystem. Alternatively the commercialactivities shall be fire compartmented withwalls and doors of minimum one-hour fireresistance rating.

(4) The clear width of the exit doors leading to the safeexterior open space shall be adequate to receive theoccupant load in the 1st stor ey circulation space and thetotal number of people discharging from the internal exit

staircases >>>>>


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Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.3.3(c )(ii): Discharge (for purpose group II)

NEW CLAUSE(ii) In the case of a Purpose Group II residential building notfitted with an automatic sprinkler system, at least 50% of thetotal number of exit staircases shall discharge to the safeexterior space opened to the sky and the remaining exitstaircase is allowed to be discharged onto the ground levelcovered circulation space subject to the following:

(1) The ground level covered circulation space shall be freeof any commercial activity; and

(2) The discharge point into the g round level circulationspace shall be within sight of and provided with at leasttwo alternative routes to the safe exterior space openedto the sky; and

(3) The maximum distance between the discharge point ofan exit staircase and the safe exterior space opened tothe sky shall not exceed 10m; and

(4) There shall not be more than 4 residential units openinginto the designated escape passageway at grade level

into which the exit staircase discharges; and(5) The discharge point of an exit staircase shall be

effectively cross-ventilated such that:

each end has at least 50% permanent openings; and

no part of the circulation space shall be more than 10mfrom the openings on the perimeter walls of the buildingor air-well.

>>>>>


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Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.3.3(c )(ii): Discharge (for purpose group II)

1) The ground level coveredcirculation space shall befree of any commercialactivity; and

2) The discharge point (staircaseY) into the ground levelcirculation space shall bewithin sight of and providedwith at least two alternativeroutes to the safe exteriorspace opened to the sky; and

3) The maximum

distance between thedischarge point of anexit staircase and thesafe exterior spaceopened to the skyshall not exceed 10m;and

4) There shall not be more than4 residential units openinginto the designated escapepassageway at grade level

into which the exit staircasedischarges; and

5) The discharge point of an exitstaircase shall be effectivelycross-ventilated such that:

each end has at least 50%permanent openings; and

no part of the circulation spaceshall be more than 10m from the

openings on the perimeter wallsof the building or air-well.

Staircase Z (50%) with directdischarge to safe exterior spaceopen to sky


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Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.3.3(c )(iii): Discharge

NEW CLAUSE

(iii) There shall be no unprotectedopenings of occupancy areawithin 3m from discharge point ofthe exit staircase (both internal

and external). This distance canbe reduced to 1.5m if theunprotected openings are alongthe same plane of the staircaseexit.


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Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.3.3(c )(iii): Discharge

NEW CLAUSE

(iii) There shall be no unprotectedopenings of occupancy areawithin 3m from discharge point ofthe exit staircase (both internal

and external). This distance canbe reduced to 1.5m if theunprotected openings are alongthe same plane of the staircaseexit.


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Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.3.3(d): Winders , Treads for circular staircase

OLD CLAUSECl.2.3.3(d) The minimum width and capacity ofexit staircases shall be as specified in Table 2.2A,and such staircases shall comply with thefollowing:

(i) Winder

Winders shall not be permitted in any buildingother than for access staircases of residentialbuildings and in such cases, there shall be notmore than 1 winder per 90 degree turn.

(ii) Treads for circular staircase

Where circular/geometric staircases are used asexit staircases or access staircase in PurposeGroup I & II, the width of treads measured at the

narrower end shall be not less than 100mm inresidential buildings and 125mm in otherbuildings and at a distance of half metre fromthe narrower end shall be not less than 225mmin residential buildings and 250mm in otherbuildings

AMENDED CLAUSECl.2.3.3(d) The minimum width and capacity of exitstaircases shall be as specified in Table 2.2A, andsuch staircases shall comply with the following:

(i) Winder

Winders shall not be permitted in any buildingother than for access staircases in a of residentialbuildings unitand in such cases, there shall be notmore than 1 winder per 90 degree turn.


Where circular/geometric staircases are is used asexit staircases or access staircase in Purpose Group I& II, the width of treads measured at the narrowerend shall be not less than 100mm in residential

buildings and 125mm in other buildings and at adistance of half metre from the narrower end shallbe not less than 225mm in residential buildings and250mm in other buildings. Such staircase shall notbe more than 10m in height.


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Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.3.3(d): Winders , Treads for circular staircase

10mheightm

ax

AMENDED CLAUSE

Cl.2.3.3(d) The minimum width and capacityof exit staircases shall be as specified in Table2.2A, and such staircases shall comply withthe following:

(i) Winder

Winders shall not be permitted in anybuilding other than for access staircases in aof residential buildings unitand in suchcases, there shall be not more than 1 winderper 90 degree turn.


Where circular/geometric staircases are is

used as exit staircases or access staircase inPurpose Group I & II, the width of treadsmeasured at the narrower end shall be notless than 100mm in residential buildings and125mm in other buildings and at a distance ofhalf metre from the narrower end shall be notless than 225mm in residential buildings and250mm in other buildings. Such staircase

shall not be more than 10m in height.


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Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.3.3(e): Handrails

OLD CLAUSE

Cl.2.3.3(e) Handrails

Where the width of the exit staircase

exceeds 2000 mm, handrails shall beprovided in accordance with therequirements of Cl. 2.2.8

AMENDED CLAUSE


(i) Every exit staircase shall have

walls, grilles or handrails on bothsides, except that staircases that are1250mm or less in width, can have ahandrail one side only; and

(ii) Where the width of the exit staircaseexceeds 2000 mm, handrails shall beprovided in accordance with therequirements of Cl. 2.2.8


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Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.3.3(e): Handrails

AMENDED CLAUSE


(i) Every exit staircase shall have

walls, grilles or handrails on bothsides, except that staircases that are1250mm or less in width, can have ahandrail one side only; and

(ii) Where the width of the exit staircaseexceeds 2000 mm, handrails shall beprovided in accordance with therequirements of Cl. 2.2.8


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Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.3.3(f): Ventilation

OLD CLAUSE

Cl.2.3.3(f) Ventilation

All exit staircases shall be ventilated

by fixed openings in the externalwalls, such openings being of area notless than 10% of the floor area perfloor of the staircase, or mechanicallyventilated to comply with therequirements in Chapter 7. Exit

staircase and occupancy area shall notshare the same airwell or void forlighting and ventilation.

AMENDED CLAUSECl.2.3.3(f) Ventilation

All exit staircases shall be ventilated byfixed openings in the external walls,

such openings being of area not lessthan 10 per cent of the floor area perfloor of the staircase, or mechanicallyventilated to comply with therequirements in Chapter 7. Ventilationopenings fronting an air-well, externalrecessed space or external shall be inaccordance with Table 1.2.1(A). Exit

staircase and occupancy area shall notshare the same airwell or void forlighting and ventilation. Mechanicalventilation is not allowed for PurposeGroup II, except for staircase storeyshelter.


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Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.3.3(f): Ventilation

AMENDED CLAUSE

Cl.2.3.3(f) Ventilation

All exit staircases shall beventilated by fixed openings inthe external walls, suchopenings being of area not less

than 10 per cent of the floorarea per floor of the staircase,or mechanically ventilated tocomply with the requirementsin Chapter 7. Ventilationopenings fronting an air-well,external recessed space orexternal shall be in

accordance with Table1.2.1(A). Exit staircase andoccupancy area shall not sharethe same airwell or void forlighting and ventilation.Mechanical ventilation is notallowed for Purpose Group II,except for staircase storeyshelter.

Table 1.2.1A isonlyapplicable toventilation forstaircases,please do notapply it tosmoke stop

lobby


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Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.3.3(h): Different Mode of Ventilation

NEW CLAUSE

2.3.3(h) Different modes of ventilationwithin a single staircase shaft

For buildings exceeding 24m inhabitable height, the internal exit

staircase can be naturally ventilated atits upper part and mechanicallyventilated at its lower part providedthis lower part does not exceed 24m inhabitable height and there shall not beany intermediate staircase landingdoor separating the 2 modes ofventilation. If the lower part exceeds24m in habitable height, this lowerpart shall be pressurized instead.


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Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.3.3(h): Different Mode of Ventilation

NEW CLAUSE

2.3.3(h) Different modes of

ventilation within a single staircase

shaft

For buildings exceeding 24m in

habitable height, the internal exitstaircase can be naturally

ventilated at its upper part and

mechanically ventilated at its lower

part provided this lower part does

not exceed 24m in habitable height

and there shall not be any

intermediate staircase landing doorseparating the 2 modes of

ventilation. If the lower part

exceeds 24m in habitable height,

this lower part shall be pressurized

instead.

Note:In order topressurized thelower part , thethe wholestaircase shouldbe MV


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Chapter 2 : Means of Escapeclause 2.3.4: Scissor Exit Staircase

OLD CLAUSE

2.3.4 Scissor Exit Staircase

a) Where two separate internal exit

staircases are contained within the

same enclosure, each exit staircase

shall be separated from the other bynon-combustible construction having

fire resistance for a minimum period

equal to that required for the

enclosure, and

b) Such scissor exit staircases shall

comply with all applicable provisionsfor exit staircase, and

c) Door opening into scissor exit

staircases shall be at least 7m travel

distance from each other.

AMENDED CLAUSE2.3.4 Scissor Exit Staircase

a) Where two separate internal exit staircases arecontained within the same enclosure, each exitstaircase shall be separated from the other bynon-combustible construction having fire resistancefor a minimum period equal to that required for theenclosure, and

b) Such scissor exit staircases shall comply with allapplicable provisions for exit staircase, and

c) Door opening into scissor exit staircases shall be atleast 7m measured as travel distance between thetwo closer edges of the staircase doors, and

d) Where there is only one pair of scissor exitstaircases, the door opening into scissor exitstaircases shall be spaced at least 1/3 the diagonaldimension of the area to be served in a sprinkler

protected building and the diagonal dimensionin a non-sprinkler protected building in accordancewith Cl.1.2.60, and

e) (e) The ventilation openings of each staircase shallbe located on alternate storeys if such openings orwindows are serving both staircases on the samewall


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AMENDED CLAUSE2.3.4 Scissor Exit Staircase

a) Where two separate internal exitstaircases are contained within the sameenclosure, each exit staircase shall beseparated from the other bynon-combustible construction having fireresistance for a minimum period equal to

that required for the enclosure, andb) Such scissor exit staircases shall comply

with all applicable provisions for exitstaircase, and

c) Door opening into scissor exit staircasesshall be at least 7m measured as traveldistance between the two closer edgesof the staircase doors, and

d) Where there is only one pair of scissorexit staircases, the door opening intoscissor exit staircases shall be spaced atleast 1/3 the diagonal dimension of thearea to be served in a sprinklerprotected building and the diagonaldimension in a non-sprinkler protectedbuilding in accordance with Cl.1.2.60,and

>>>>>


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NEW CLAUSE2.3.4 Scissor Exit Staircase

(e) The ventilation openings ofeach staircase shall belocated on alternate storeys

if such openings or windowsare serving both staircaseson the same wall


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to be continued by Mr So ng Yew Kee for Part two.

Thank You

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