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PARTICIPATION OF MUSLIM WOMEN IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF DAVAO CITY
PARTICIPATION OF MUSLIM WOMEN IN THE
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL
DEVELOPMENT OF DAVAO CITY
Introduction
The advent of globalization isblowing change over the MuslimWorld.
Women’s issues are intricatelywoven into the complex web ofsocial, economic and politicalfactors.
Muslim women have beenawakened of their critical role inthe society and are demandingtheir right to full participation inthe public square
International and localconferences have beenconducted which takes intoaccount the most substantialissues and concerns ofMuslim women
At the local level, fewstudies and literature hasbeen made whichdocumented thecontributions of Muslimwomen in Davao City
This in turn stirred and led tothis study and tested severalhypotheses particularly thesignificant differencebetween the degree ofinternalization of Muslimwomen and the CustomaryIslamic Socio-Economic andPolitical Practices whenanalyzed by:
a) Age; b) Civil Status; c)Educational Attainment; d)Employment; and e) TribalOrigin.;
The significant difference on the levelof participation of Muslim women inthe Socio-Economic and PoliticalDevelopment of Davao City whenanalyzed according to: a) Age; b) CivilStatus; c) Educational Attainment; d)Employment; and e) Tribal Origin
And the significant difference betweenthe level of participation on the socio-economic and political developmentand the degree of internalization on thecustomary Islamic socio-economic andpolitical practices of Muslim womenin Davao City.
Methods This study used descriptive method of
research using survey approach.Sources of data This study used both primary and
secondary data.Data Gathering Instrument The research instrument used in this
study is a survey questionnaireconstructed by the researcher. Thisconsists of three parts. Part I lookedinto demographics. Part II elicitedresponses on the degree ofinternalization to customary Islamicsocio-economic and political practicesof which questions were formulatedbased on the interview conducted
Distribution of Sample SizeTribal Origin Muslim Women’s Population Target Sample
Kalagan 4,513 122
Maguindanao 896 24
Maranao 3,691 100
Tausug 4,457 120
Sama 725 20
Total 14,282 386
Results
Distribution of Respondents According to Age
Distribution of Respondents According to Civil Status
Distribution of Respondents According to Educational Attainment
Distribution of Respondents According to Employment
Distribution of Respondents According to Tribal Origin
Indicator Over All Mean Qualitative Description
Community Approaches 4.28 Agree (Extensive) Health 4.16 Agree (Extensive) Education 4.36 Agree (Extensive) Religion 4.62 Strongly Agree
(Very Extensive) Economy and Livelihood 4.00 Agree (Extensive) Leadership and Governance 4.08 Agree (Extensive)
Summary Table on the Degree of Internalization to Customary Islamic Socio-Economic and Political Practices
Indicator Over All Mean Qualitative Description
Community Services 4.22 Agree (Extensive) Health Services 4.42 Agree (Extensive) Educational Services 4.24 Agree (Extensive) Religious Activities 4.50 Strongly Agree
(Very Extensive) Livelihood Activities 4.20 Agree (Extensive) Agricultural Activities 4.07 Agree (Extensive) Electoral Participation 4.33 Agree (Extensive) Participation in Decision- Making
4.21 Agree (Extensive)
Summary Table on Level of Participation to the Socio-Economic and Political Development of Davao City
Test of Significant Difference on the Degree of Internalization when Grouped According to Educational Attainment
Item Sum of Squares df
Mean Square F
p-value
Community Approaches
Between Groups 1.36 6.00 0.23 0.66 0.68
Within Groups 129.86 379.00 0.34
Total 131.22 385.00
Health Between Groups 18.16 6.00 3.03 6.32 0.00*
Within Groups 181.43 379.00 0.48
Total 199.59 385.00
Education Between Groups 5.63 6.00 0.94 2.79 0.01*
Within Groups 127.28 379.00 0.34
Total 132.90 385.00
Religion Between Groups 2.43 6.00 0.41 1.30 0.26
Within Groups 118.32 379.00 0.31
Total 120.75 385.00 Economy and Livelihood
Between Groups 9.97 6.00 1.66 3.16 0.00*
Within Groups 199.11 379.00 0.53
Total 209.08 385.00 Leadership and Governance
Between Groups 4.88 6.00 0.81 1.71 0.12
Within Groups 179.73 379.00 0.47
Total 184.60 385.00
Over-all Between Groups 4.24 6.00 0.71 3.53 0.00*
Within Groups 75.99 379.00 0.20
Total 80.23 385.00
Test of Significant Difference on the Degree of Internalization when Grouped According to Employment
Item Sum of Squares df
Mean Square F
P-value
Community Approaches
Between Groups 1.78 3.00 0.59 1.75 0.16
Within Groups 129.44 382.00 0.34
Total 131.22 385.00
Health Between Groups 11.70 3.00 3.90 7.93 0.00*
Within Groups 187.89 382.00 0.49
Total 199.59 385.00
Education Between Groups 2.57 3.00 0.86 2.51 0.06
Within Groups 130.33 382.00 0.34
Total 132.90 385.00
Religion Between Groups 3.76 3.00 1.25 4.09 0.01*
Within Groups 117.00 382.00 0.31
Total 120.75 385.00 Economy and Livelihood
Between Groups 3.15 3.00 1.05 1.95 0.12
Within Groups 205.93 382.00 0.54
Total 209.08 385.00 Leadership and Governance
Between Groups 3.24 3.00 1.08 2.28 0.08
Within Groups 181.36 382.00 0.47
Total 184.60 385.00
Over-all Between Groups 2.40 3.00 0.80 3.92 0.01*
Within Groups 77.83 382.00 0.20
Total 80.23 385.00
Test of Significant Difference on the Degree of Internalization when Grouped According to Tribal Origin
Item Sum of Squares df
Mean Square F
P-value
Community Approaches
Between Groups 4.84 4.00 1.21 3.65
0.01*
Within Groups 126.38 381.00 0.33
Total 131.22 385.00
Health Between Groups 27.34 4.00 6.83 15.12
0.00*
Within Groups 175.25 381.00 0.45
Total 199.59 385.00
Education Between Groups 5.89 4.00 1.47 4.42
0.00*
Within Groups 127.01 381.00 0.33
Total 132.90 385.00
Religion Between Groups 3.35 4.00 0.84 2.72
0.03*
Within Groups 117.41 381.00 0.31
Total 120.75 385.00 Economy and Livelihood
Between Groups 7.53 4.00 1.88 3.56
0.01*
Within Groups 201.55 381.00 0.53
Total 209.08 385.00 Leadership and Governance
Between Groups 9.58 4.00 2.39 5.21
0.00*
Within Groups 175.02 381.00 0.46
Total 184.60 385.00
Over-all Between Groups 7.10 4.00 1.78 9.25
0.00*
Within Groups 73.13 381.00 0.19
Total 80.23 385.00
Test of Significant Difference on the Level of Participation when Analyzed According to Employment
Item Sum of Squares df
Mean Square F p-value
Community Services
Between Groups 4.01 3.00 1.34 2.52 0.06
Within Groups 203.16 382.00 0.53 Total 207.18 385.00 Health Services
Between Groups 4.43 3.00 1.48 4.13 0.36
Within Groups 136.44 382.00 0.36 Total 140.87 385.00 Educational Services
Between Groups 1.70 3.00 0.57 1.07 0.00*
Within Groups 202.93 382.00 0.53 Total 204.63 385.00 Religious Activities
Between Groups 5.04 3.00 1.68 4.39 0.02*
Within Groups 146.17 382.00 0.38 Total 151.21 385.00 Livelihood Activities
Between Groups 4.36 3.00 1.45 3.37 0.03*
Within Groups 164.60 382.00 0.43 Total 168.96 385.00 Agricultural Activities
Between Groups 5.14 3.00 1.32 3.09 0.03*
Within Groups 211.48 382.00 0.41 Total 216.62 385.00 Electoral Participation
Between Groups 7.08 3.00 2.36 4.88 0.00*
Within Groups 184.77 382.00 0.48 Total 191.85 385.00 Participation in Decision-Making
Between Groups 5.03 3.00 1.68 2.93 0.03*
Within Groups 218.30 382.00 0.57 Total 223.33 385.00 Participation-Over-all
Between Groups 3.50 3.00 1.17 4.54 0.00*
Within Groups 98.09 382.00 0.26 Total 101.59 385.00
Item Sum of Squares df Mean Square F p-value
Community Services Between Groups 2.95 6.00 0.49 0.91 0.49
Within Groups 204.23 379.00 0.54
Total 207.18 385.00
Health Services Between Groups 8.19 6.00 1.37 3.90 0.00*
Within Groups 132.68 379.00 0.35
Total 140.87 385.00
Educational Services Between Groups 9.34 6.00 1.56 3.02 0.01*
Within Groups 195.29 379.00 0.52
Total 140.87 385.00
Religious Activities Between Groups 9.49 6.00 1.58 4.23 0.00*
Within Groups 141.73 379.00 0.37
Total 151.21 385.00
Livelihood Activities Between Groups 7.49 6.00 1.25 2.93 0.01*
Within Groups 161.47 379.00 0.43
Total 168.96 385.00
Agricultural Activities Between Groups 9.21 6.00 1.54 2.81 0.01*
Within Groups 207.41 379.00 0.55
Total 216.62 385.00
Electoral Participation Between Groups 4.35 6.00 0.72 1.46 0.19
Within Groups 187.50 379.00 0.49
Total 191.85 385.00
Participation in Decision-Making Between Groups 7.85 6.00 1.31 2.30 0.03*
Within Groups 215.48 379.00 0.57
Total 223.33 385.00
Participation-Over-all Between Groups 6.23 6.00 1.04 4.13 0.00*
Within Groups 95.35 379.00 0.25
Test of Significant Difference on the Level of Participation when Analyzed According to Educational Attainment
Item Sum of Squares df Mean Square F p-value
Community Services Between Groups 15.13 4.00 3.78 7.50 0.00*
Within Groups 192.05 381.00 0.50
Total 207.18 385.00
Health Services Between Groups 7.70 4.00 1.93 5.51 0.00*
Within Groups 133.17 381.00 0.35
Total 140.87 385.00
Educational Services Between Groups 1.33 4.00 0.33 0.62 0.65
Within Groups 203.30 381.00 0.53
Total 204.63 385.00
Religious Activities Between Groups 2.64 4.00 0.66 1.69 0.15
Within Groups 148.57 381.00 0.39
Total 151.21 385.00
Livelihood Activities Between Groups 14.25 4.00 3.56 8.77 0.00*
Within Groups 154.71 381.00 0.41
Total 168.96 385.00
Agricultural Activities Between Groups 28.33 4.00 7.08 14.33 0.00*
Within Groups 188.29 381.00 0.49
Total 216.62 385.00
Electoral Participation Between Groups 11.91 4.00 2.98 6.31 0.00*
Within Groups 179.94 381.00 0.47
Total 191.85 385.00
Participation in Decision-Making Between Groups 10.56 4.00 2.64 4.73 0.00*
Within Groups 212.76 381.00 0.56
Total 223.33 385.00
Total 172.18 385.00
Participation-Over-all Between Groups 7.93 4.00 1.98 8.07 0.00*
Within Groups 93.65 381.00 0.25
Total 101.59 385.00
Test of Significant Difference on the Level of Participation when Analyzed According to Tribal Origin
Item Sum of Squares df Mean Square F p-value
Community Services Between Groups 29.19 3.00 9.73 20.88 0.00*
Within Groups 177.99 382.00 0.47
Total 207.18 385.00
Health Services Between Groups 48.13 3.00 16.04 66.09 0.00*
Within Groups 92.74 382.00 0.24
Total 140.87 385.00
Educational Services Between Groups 43.76 3.00 14.59 34.64 0.00*
Within Groups 160.87 382.00 0.42
Total 204.63 385.00
Religious Activities Between Groups 47.64 3.00 15.88 58.57 0.00*
Within Groups 103.58 382.00 0.27
Total 151.21 385.00
Livelihood Activities Between Groups 57.82 3.00 19.27 66.25 0.00*
Within Groups 111.13 382.00 0.29
Total 168.96 385.00
Agricultural Activities Between Groups 60.81 3.00 20.27 49.70 0.00*
Within Groups 155.81 382.00 0.41
Total 216.62 385.00
Electoral Participation Between Groups 50.03 3.00 16.68 44.92 0.00*
Within Groups 141.82 382.00 0.37
Total 191.85 385.00
Participation in Decision-Making Between Groups 57.08 3.00 19.03 43.72 0.00*
Within Groups 166.25 382.00 0.44
Total 223.33 385.00
Participation-Over-all Between Groups 42.27 3.00 15.76 110.83 0.00*
Within Groups 54.31 382.00 0.14
Test of Significant Difference Between the Level of Participation and the Degree of Internalization
Conclusion The participation of Muslimwomen to the socio‐economic andpolitical development of Davao Cityis a matter of concern not onlyamong Muslim women but for allthe people of the city and the localgovernment unit
This sector has not onlymainstreamed there issues to thelarger society but more importantly,they have been partners for thecollective growth and advancementof the entire constituents of Davao.
Present psychological stateof Muslim women affirmsto continue to stand forand abide to the prevailingcustomary Islamic socio‐economic and politicalpractices.
It is depicted that Muslimwomen extensivelyascribed to Islamicpractices in as much asextensively participating toendeavors contributing toholistic development.
There is a significant differencebetween the degree ofinternalization of Muslim womento customary Islamic socio‐economic and political practicesand the level of participation tosocio‐economic and politicaldevelopment of Davao City.
It is envisioned that the Muslimwomen shall collectively developstrategies and mechanisms thatwill uphold, preserve and protecther identity and integrity asMuslim women and communallypursue initiatives of greater impactthat will contribute in upliftingtheir status.
Leaders of the Muslimcommunities represented by theirDeputy Mayors, Ulama’s, Imam’s,Ustadzes among others shalldevelop programs, projects andactivities that will enhance andsustain the Muslim women’s activeinvolvement and participation Local Government shall have tore‐examine its existing legalissuances and programs forMuslim women and continue towiden the provision ofopportunities that will translateto increased socio‐economic andpolitical advancement.
